• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation, whitening and anti-inflammatory effects of Elsholtzia ciliata extract for use as the cosmeceuticals. Elsholtzia ciliata extracts (30, 70 and 100% methanol extract) exhibited a significant tree radical scavenging effect (up to 80% over 0.025% concentration of 30 and 70% methanol extract, over 0.01% concentration of 100% methanol extract) against DPPH radical generation and showed a significant inhibitory effect (up to 80% over 0.1% concentration) on melanin synthesis in B-16 Melanoma cells. We separated 4 fractions from Elsholtzia ciliata extract (70% methanol extract) by MPLC. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fractions showed anti-oxidation (DPPH radical scavenging activity and suppressive effect on Mn-SOD), whitening(inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis) and anti-inflammatory (suppressive effects on $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-2, and total NO synthesis) effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.486-492
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• 2011

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of hot water extract (ESW) and 70% ethanol extract (ESE) from Euphorbia supina Rafin on LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Upon investigation at concentrations up to $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL, ESW and ESE did not have any cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages. ESW induced inhibition of 21.6%~54.8% of nitric oxide (NO) production at 100~1000${\mu}g$/mL, and $PGE_2$ production was inhibited up to 25.7%~38.2% at 250~1000${\mu}g$/mL, proportional to the ESW concentrations. ESW induced inhibition of 66.1% and 54.3% of IL-6 production at 250 and $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. ESE (100~1000${\mu}g$/mL) induced inhibition of 38.3%~77.5% of NO, 40%~94.7% of $PGE_2$, and 43.9%~89.4% of IL-6 production, proportional to the ESE concentrations. Only 44.1% of IL-10 production was inhibited at a concentration of $500\;{\mu}g$/mL. ESE induced an increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ production at a concentration of 100 and $250\;{\mu}g$/mL, whereas at high concentrations (500 and $1000\;{\mu}g$/mL), ESE induced inhibition of 19.2% and 92.4% of TNF-${\alpha}$ production, respectively. In conclusion, concentrations of more than $500\;{\mu}g$/mL ESE demonstrated effective immune-modulating activity through inhibition of NO, $PGE_2$, IL-6, IL-10, or TNF-${\alpha}$ production, as it relates to the macrophage's immuno-activity; therefore, ESE has potential as a good candidate substance for reduction of inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Purpose: Neuroinflammation is mediated by activation of microglia implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of neuroinflammation may be an effective solution to treat these brain disorders. Petalonia binghamiae is known as a traditional food, based on multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-obesity. In present study, the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of Petalonia binghamiae was investigated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Methods: Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was examined using Griess reagent. Expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was detected by Western blot analysis. Activation of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) signaling was examined by nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 subunit and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$. Results: Extract of Petalonia binghamiae significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production and iNOS/COX-2 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with Petalonia binghamiae suppressed LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$. Co-treatment with Petalonia binghamiae and pyrrolidine duthiocarbamate (PDTC), an $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, reduced LPS-stimulated NO release compared to that in PB-treated or PDTC-treated cells. Conclusion: The present results indicate that extract of Petalonia binghamiae exerts anti-neuroinflammation activities, partly through inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling. These findings suggest that Petalonia binghamiae might have therapeutic potential in relation to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.875-883
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• 2022

This study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf and stem of Artemisia annua L. extract by hot water and 70% ethanol. The total polyphenol content was significantly higher in the 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. than in the hot water extract, but there was no significant difference in the total flavonoid content between the hot water extract and the 70% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging ability was the highest in the vitamin C treatment group at the concentration of 62.5~500 ㎍/mL, followed by the 70% ethanol extract and the hot water extract. As a result of measuring the NO production inhibitory effect at 125 ~ 500 ㎍/mL, the hot water extract showed strong NO production inhibition at the concentration of 500 ㎍/mL, and showed the inhibition of NO production with concentration-dependent pattern. In addition to inhibitory activity of NP production, the 70% ethanol extract also showed an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines production. It is thought that it can be widely used in the treatment and improvement of inflammatory diseases because it shows antioxidant effects and significantly reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2001

Oxidative stress and defense system of SD-rats were studied with an edible Nigerian mushroom, namely, Lentinus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer. Experimental diets prepared with Lentinus tuber-regium (LTR) instead of carbohydrates were fed to SD rats for 6 weeks. Hydrolxyl radical $({\cdot}OH)$ formations were significantly inhibited (21.7% and 16.4%, respectively). In LTR-50 and LTR-100 groups used instead of carbohydrates, and hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) were also significantly inhibited by 10%, and $6{\sim}10%$, respectively compared with control group, but there was no significant changes in superoxide radical $({O_2}^-)$ formations in these groups. Lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidized protein (OP) levels as an oxidative stress were desirably inhibited ($6{\sim}12%\;and\;5{\sim}13%$, respectively) in these LTR groups compared with control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased ($15{\sim}50%,\;10{\sim}25%\;and\;60{\sim}90%$, respectively) in these LTR groups. These results suggest that an edible mushroom, Lentinus tuber-regium may inhibit an oxygen radicals and oxidative stresses, but may also effectively modulate an aging processes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 2017

Turmeric is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant (Curcuma longa (CL)) of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. A yellow-pigmented fraction isolated from the rhizomes of CL contains curcuminoids belonging to the dicinnamoyl methane group. Curcumin is an important active ingredient responsible for the biological activity of CL. However, CL is not usually used as a food source due to its bitter taste. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the CL fermented by Rhizopus oryzae (FCL) on pro-inflammatory factors such as nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$), tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell line. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of FCL 80% EtOH extracts, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured by ELISA kit. Also, the amount of $NO/PGE_2/NF-{\kappa}B$ was measured using the $NO/PGE_2/NF-{\kappa}B$ detection kit and the iNOS/COX-2 expression was measured by Western blotting. The results showed that the FCL reduced NO, $PGE_2$, iNOS, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that FCL extracts may be a developed the functional food related to anti-inflammation due to the significant effects on inflammatory factors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.433-441
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• 2019

This study describes a preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity and anti-atopic activity of Phormium tenax leaf extracts. P. tenax leaf was extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. In order to effectively screen for anti-inflammatory agents, we first investigated the inhibitory effects of P. tenax leaf crude extracts and solvent fractions on production of pro-inflammatory factors[nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, interleukin-6(IL-6) and $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$] in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we also evaluated of their inhibitory effect on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory markers such as macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC) in HaCaT cells. Among the five solvent fractions of P. tenax, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions inhibited production of pro-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose dependent manner, respectively. These fractions were also showed inhibitory activity for MDC and TARC expression levels in $IFN-{\gamma}-stimulated$ HaCaT cells, respectively. These results suggest that P. tenax have significantly effects of anti-inflammatory activity and anti-atopic activity that might be beneficial for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.536-544
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• 2017

This study was carried out to find out the physiological activity effect of Sicyos angulatus L. extract which is known as an ecosystem disturbance plant and confirm the availability as a functional cosmetic material. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and DPPH radical scavenging, intracellular ROS, and its inhibitory effect on the expression Nitric oxide of and COX-2 were evaluated. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid was found to be 3.079 mg(CA)/100g and 72 mg(Q)/100g of Sicyos angulatus L. extract and antioxidant activity through high radical scavenging activity was confirmed. ~Significant cytotoxicity was not observed up to a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells and HDF cells and concentration-dependent inhibition of ROS production in HDF cells, inhibition of high NO production and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells were confirmed. Through these results, we found the possibility of use as a functional cosmetic material with excellent antioxidant effect and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of intracellular ROS generation, inhibition of NO generation, and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2007

포공영(蒲公英)은 예로부터 청열해독약(淸熱解毒藥)으로 사용되어 왔으며 NO가 염증의 한 요인이기 때문에 포공영의 항염증 작용기작을 밝히기 위하여 LPS로 자극된 대식세포주 RAW264.7 세포에서 포공영 열수 추출물 (AETM)의 NO 생성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 포공영은 NO 생성 및 iNOS 단백질 발현, iNOS mRNA 발현을 저해하였으며, 전사인자인 $NF-kB$의 핵으로의 이동을 억제하였다. 또한 LPS에 의해서 활성화되는 ERK/MAPK 효소의 활성을 현저히 억제하였다. 이 결과들로 보아 포공영의 항염증 작용이 ERK/MAPK 활성 저해 및 $NF-kB$ 활성 저해로 인한 iNOS 발현의 억제 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 2008

목 적 : 급성 및 만성 염증 질환은 iNOS에 의해서 생성된 과량의 NO와 관련이 있다. 따라서 이러한 질병 치료를 목적으로 NO 생성 억제물질 또는 iNOS 발현 차단물질을 개발할 가치가 있다. 본 연구는 대사 안정성을 개선시킨 dimethoxycurcumin (DiMC)이 활성화된 대식세포에서 NO 생성 및 iNOS 발현을 제어할 수 있는지 조사하였다. 방 법 : RAW264.7 세포를 DiMC (양쪽 방향성 고리에 각각 2개의 methoxy group을 가짐), curcumin (양쪽 방향성 고리에 각각 1개의 methoxy group을 가짐), bis-demethoxycurcumin (양쪽 방향성 고리에 methoxy group이 없음; BDMC) 및 tetrahydrocurcumin (양쪽 방향성 고리에 각각 1개의 methoxy group을 가지고 있지만 중앙 7개 탄소 사슬에 이중결합이 없음; THC)로 각각 전처리한 후에 LPS로 자극하였다. 이들 전처리 물질의 효과를 비교하기 위하여, NO 생성, iNOS 발현, NF-kB p65 인산화 및 p65 DNA-binding 활성을 조사하였다. 결 과 : DiMC, curcumin 및 BDMC는 NO 생성, iNOS 발현 및 NF-kB 활성을 억제하였으며, 그 세기에 있어서 DiMC가 가장 크게 관찰되었고 그 다음 curcumin 그리고 BDMC 순으로 관찰되었다. THC는 어떠한 활성도 보이지 못했다. 결 론 :DiMC는 NO 생성 억제, iNOS 발현 차단 및 NF-kB 비활성을 유도할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 효과는 연속된 이중결합 및 methoxy group의 증가와 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다.