• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.74-76
• /
• 2001

물상추에 의한 Pb 제거효율은 96시간 동안 0.5 mg/L 일 때 71.4%, 1mg/L일 때 65.6%, 1.5 mg/L일 때 81.2%로 나타났으며, 0.5 mg/L 일 때 24시간만에 24.6%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타냈다. 또한 농도가 높아질수록 높은 제거효율을 나타냈다. $Cr^{6+}$ 의 제거효율은 높은 농도에서 시간이 지날수록 제거효율이 높아졌다각 수조별 pH 변화는 전반적으로 높아지는 경향을 보였고 Pb의 경우는 1.5 mg/L에서 96시간 동안 6.7에서 7.73으로 가장 큰 변화를 보였다. 수온을 23 ～ 26$^{\circ}C$로 유지하면서 물상추의 비성장율을 살펴본 결과 Pb의 경우 1.5mg/L에서 24시간만에 0.046g $day^{-1}$에서 96시간 후에는 1.5 mg/L에서 0.114 g $day^{-1}$로 가장 높은 성장을 보였으며 $Cr^{6+}$ 의 경우도 1 mg/L에서 24시간 후에 0.0l2g $day^{-1}$에서 96시간 후에는 0.5 mg/L에서 0.07g $day^{-1}$로 가장 높은 성장률을 보였다. 중금속 수조의 $NH_3-N$, $NO_3$-N, T-P 제거효율을 보면 $NH_3-N$는 전체적으로 50%이상의 높은 제거효율을 보여 영양원으로서의 흡수가능성을 보였고 $NO_3$-N와 T-P의 경우는 전체적으로 낮은 제거효율을 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2003

Two local irritation and skin sensitization studies of nonspecific immunostimulator, $BARODON^{\circledR}$ were carried out with New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pigs. In skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and there were no responses after treatment for 24 or 72 hours and the Primary irritation index (P.1.1.) was '0'. And, in the eye irritation test, there were chemosis in some of rabbits. One of 3 rabbits in washing group was detected chemosis after 24 and 72 h following treatment and 2 of 6 rabbits in non-washing group were detected chemosis after 24h and 7 days following treatment. Therefore, total score is '4' after 24 h and '2' after 72 h following treatment by conforming article "some blood vessel are clearly hyperemic" . However evaluation value is non-irritant because M.O.I. (Mean ocular irritation index) score is below during the all experimental period and no significance through individuals and exposure time. In skin sensitization, the score of skin reaction was graded 1 with 0% sensitization rate. Taken together, these results indicate that $BARODON^{\circledR}$ may be non-irritant material. material.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 1994

Cor triatriatum is a relatively rare cardiac anomaly, whose major feature is a fenestrated membrane separating an upper common pulmonary venous chamber from a lower true left atrial cavity. Interatrial communications may be present between the right atrium and the common pulmonary venous chamber or the true left atrium. From April 1981 to April 1992, 24 patients with cor triatriatum were treated at Seoul National University Hospital. Ages ranged from 1 month to 24 years with mean of 7.4 years. Twenty patients had interatrial communications through a patent foramen ovale, primum or secundum defect of the atrial septum. Four had no interatrial communications. Fourteen patients had associated anomalies; partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 3, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 2, persistent left superior vena cava in 3, and other anomalies in 6 patients. Surgical corrections were performed through right atriotomy in 18 patients, left atriotomy in 4, and both atriotomy in 2. Three patients [12.5%] died early after operation; two of them were associated with single ventricle. Six out of 21 survivors [28.6%] experienced complications; recurrent pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic encephalopathy, diaphragmatic palsy and tachyarrhythmias. At the time of follow up, all survivors, except one, were in functional class I. Surgical correction of cor triatriatum restored normal hemodynamic status with relatively low operative mortality, especially in patients not complicated with severe anomalies. This report summarizes the clinical diagnosis, associated anomalies, interatrial communications, surgical approach and late result of 24 patients underwent surgical corrections in our hospital.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Angelicae pubescentis Radix water extract (ACE) on immune properties in macrophage cells. Methods: The cells were divided into two groups: As a control, the first was not treated with ACE, and the other was treated with ACE. Together with the cell viability, productions of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ by treating of ACE were monitored. Results: 1. There was no decrease of the cell viability after 24 hr incubation, but a significant decrease after 48 hr incubation with all four concentrations (25, 100, 200, and $400\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) of ACE. 2. A significant increase in the production of NO was observed in the concentrations above $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of ACE after 24 hr incubation. 3. Further, after 48 hr incubation, the critical concentration of ACE for the increase was reduced to $25\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 4. The production of (IL)-$1{\beta}$ significantly increased with the ACE concentrations of 100 and $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ after 24 hr incubation. 5. The production of IL-6 significantly increased with the ACE concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ after 24 hr incubation. 6. A significant increase in the production of (TNF)-${\alpha}$ was detected with ACE concentrations of 50, 100, and $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ after 24 hr incubation. Conclusions: These show that ACE increases mouse macrophage NO production at concentrations above $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and the cytokines ((IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and (TNF)-${\alpha}$) at concentrations above $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. These results suggest that ACE improves macrophage immune property.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Prunellae Spica Water Extract(PSE) on immune response in macrophage cells. Methods: We had devided two group the one is normal group; not treated with PSE, and the other is experimental group; treated with PSE. We measured the cell viability of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells and investigated production of nitric oxide(NO) and cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ with sample PSE. Results: 1. Cell viability of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly decreased in both 24 hr and 48 hr incubation. 2. NO production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased in both 24 hr and 48 hr incubation. 3. IL-$1{\beta}$ production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased under concentration over $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 24 hr incubation. 4. IL-6 production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased under concentration over $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 24 hr incubation. 5. TNF-$\alpha$ production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased under concentration over $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 24 hr incubation. Conclusion: NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased. This study suggest that PSE stimulates the macrophage and enhances the immune response.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.365-374
• /
• 2015

The goal of this study was 1) to compare the physical activity between the normal(NO) and obese (OB) group at baseline and 2) to investigate responses of the physical activity to a 24-week walking exercise program in both groups. A total of 29 middle-aged women was classified NO and OB group based on the BMI($25kg/m^2$). Walking exercise was designed to energy expenditure of 500 kcal per day, with a frequence of 3 days per week for 24 weeks. Body composition(Weight, BMI, BF(%), Hip, WHR) were measured at the baseline and after the walking exercise program(24 week). Physical activity were measured during 24 week for wellness convergence in the digital age. In conclusion, the current findings of this study indicate that 1) physical activity is not difference in both groups at baseline 2) 24-week walking exercise program is an effective means of improving physical activity in both NO and OB groups.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2001

Background and Purpose : Relationship between 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine and Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys had been examined, but the study about 17-KS.17-OHCS in stroke patients was rare6'. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of 24hrs urine 17-KS.17-OHCS in stroke patients as an index for the Differentiation of Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys. Subjects : 66 stroke patients(male : female =2 9 : 37) were selected, they were admitted in the hospital of oriental medicine, Kyunghee university(from November 1 st, 1998 to May 30th, 2000). Their age was over 65 years. The patients who had renal malfunction, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism were excluded and who took chlorpromazine, spironolactone, digoxin, reserpine, hormonal agent were also excluded. Methods : After we selected the patients, we investigated the Differentiation of Syndrome by use of Diagnostic Paper and examined the level of 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine. We compared Deficiency Syndrome with non-Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys using of 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine. Results : 1. Stroke did not affect 17-KS.17-OHCS excretion in 24hrs urine. 2. In 24hrs urine, 17-KS of male stroke patients and 17-OHCS of female stroke patients were lower in patients diagnosed as a Deficiency Syndrome than non-Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys(p<0.05). 3. Among Deficiency Syndrome of Yin, Yang, Yang and Yin of the Kidneys group, there was no differentiation of 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine(p>0.05).

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF) on some activities of human hepatoma cell, HepG2. Method : To investigate the effect of fermented Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF) activity on the human hepatoma cells, AAF extracts was fermented by Lactobacillus pentosus K34(AFL) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae STV89(AFS). And the effects of AFL or AFS on the activities of HepG2 cell, such as cell viability, nitric oxide(NO) production and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, were tested. Result : Human Hepatoma Cells were incubated each for 3 hours and 24 hours. Human Hepatoma Cells treated with the extract was measured with MTT assay. Then AFL was found to be non-toxic at concentrations of 10 ug/mL(3h), 100 ug/mL(24h) or more. AFS was the same result at concentrations of more than 10 ug/mL. The extract increased ROS generation in Human Hepatoma Cells. AFL increased at concentrations of 100 ug/mL more (3h, also 10 ug/mL more) and 50 ug/mL(24h) and AFS increased both 50 ug/mL. In point of NO generation, AFL inhibited at concentrations of 10 ug/mL(3h) and 100 ug/mL(24h) more (3h, also 10 ug/mL more) and AFS also inhibited 50 ug/mL or more. Conclusion : AFL and AFS, obtained from Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts by fermentation, reduced the NO production and increased ROS production in HepG2 cell, without cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell. The results suggested that AFL and AFS increased the immunological effects of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2009

Purpose: We evaluated the level of pain and clinical presentation of calcific tendinitis after treatment with conservative and early arthroscopic operation. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 30 patients with calcific tendinitis with the minimum of 6 months of follow up period, treated from February 2002 to May 2008. We implemented Constant-Murley score to evaluate the pain of calcification and improvement of range of motion at the 2nd week, 12th week and 24th week with the patients who had treatment with steroid injection in 15 cases and operation in the other 15 cases. Results: Evaluating the level of pain using Constant-Murley score, we found that conservative treatment group had the scale of 3.2 before treatment and 13.6, 14.5 and 14.7 at 2nd, 12th, and 24th week, respectively since started treatment. The operation group, on the other hand, had the scale of 3.3 preoperatively and 10.2, 13.0, and 14.3 at 2nd, 12th and 24th week postoperatively. The range of motion in the conservative treatment group showed 14.3 on average before the treatment and 21.7, 31.3 and 35.7 at 2nd, 12th and 24th week after treatment. The operation group had 14.4 on average preoperatively, and 33.1, 35.8 and 36.4 at 2nd, 12th and 24th week postoperatively. The operation group had statistically significant improvement compared to the conservative group at the 2nd and 24th week, but showed no difference between the two groups at the final follow up. Conclusion: Early arthroscopic treatment of calcific tendinitis seems to be an excellent option that can increase the level of satisfaction of the patients and an efficient way of putting the patients back to their normal life promptly.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2005

This study were examined whether plasminogen activators (PAs) are produced by porcine fresh or frozen-thawed cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) and cumulus cell free-oocytes. In fresh or frozen-thawed COCs and oocytes for 0 hour cultured, no activity of PAs was detected. However, at 24 hours of culture urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) was detected in COCs and denuded oocytes. In the frozen-thawed COCs and cumulus cell free-oocytes cultured for 24 hours, no PAs were observed. After COCs were cultured for 48 hours, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and tPA-PAI were observed in COCs only. In the frozen-thawed COCs and cumulus cell free-oocytes cultured for 48 hours, no PAs were observed. These results suggest that uPA, tPA and tPA-PAI are produced by porcine COCs, but only uPA by oocytes during maturation for 24 hours. Only tPA, and tPA-PAI are produced by COCs cultured for 48 hours, and no PAs are produced by denuded-oocytes cultured for 48 hours. In all of the frozen-thawed groups, no PAs are observed by COCs and denuded-oocytes.