• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.6B
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• pp.608-617
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• 2011

ubiquitous network management system (u-NMS) is the network management system based on smartphone which are recently of wide use. The purpose of the u-NMS is to provide convenience for network administrator utilizing the mobility of smartphone and to manage the network efficiently. This paper proposes the smart NMS agent and the mobility management server (MMS). The smart NMS agent enables to use the monitoring web server and remote control application on the smartphone in wireless network. The MMS is developed to reduce the problems such as handover latency and packet loss, which can be taken place in wireless network. The network manager can monitor traffic in real time through the smart NMS agent and remotely control the network efficiently when sudden failures happen in the u-NMS. In this paper, performance evaluation is carried out with our test-bed system implemented. We focus on the measurement of the MMS performance. When the MMS is compared to previous mobility management protocol, our mobility management server reduces the average latency up to 65% in initial access, handover latency and processing delay to the network management center.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-30
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• 2011

When the European Union countries (EU27) are viewed as the composition between the old member countries (EU15) and the new member states (NMS12), the statistics exhibit that the EU15 is the largest trade partner of the NMS12. According to the Korea-EU FTA agreement, the existing patterns of trade among the EU15, the NMS12, and Korea may create not only the increase in trade opportunity between the NMS12 and Korea, but also the higher rivalry threat on export from the NMS12 to the EU15 destination due to the potential increase in export from Korea to the EU15 market. This research examines in both potential impacts at the 3-digit level of SITC Rev.3 industry, in the point of view of the NMS12. Various conventional trade indices are employed in the study. However, the existing trade index exhibits the limitation for measuring the different degree of rivalry threat on exports of two different exporters in the same export destination. Hence, this study develops a new trade index, the so-called Rivalry Threat Index (RTI), to measure the export competition between the NMS12 and Korea in the EU15 destination. The results indicate that from the point of view of the NMS12, the EU-Korea FTA agreement may cause Korea acts as a trade partner and as an export competitor simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 1997

We are report on three cases of typical clinical characterstics and treatment response in neuroleptic maligant syndrome(NMS), and reviewed the literatures of NMS. NMS was first recognized as a life-threatening complication of dopamine receptor antagonists, and defined as a catatonic-like states associated with fever, obtundation, muscle rigidity, and unstable vital sign in patients taking neuroleptic agents. Concepts of NMS have changed because medications other than classic neuroleptic drugs have been implicated as triggering agents and syndromes identical to NMS have been observed in other conditions. The important neurochemical features are probably functional dopamine deficiency and ensuing hyperactivity of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the basal ganglia and hypothalamus. Recognition of NMS and early discontinuation of neuroleptics are the most important step in its management. Supportive care includes management of hyperthermia and fluid replacement. Controversial therapeutic measures include the application of dopamine receptor agonists, excitatory amino acid antagonists, or dantrolene. Psychiatric patients with a history on NMS and psychotic relapse necessitating antipsycotics do not commonly redevelop NMS.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.943-953
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• 2012

Because of their unique properties, nano-sized metallic nanomaterials (NMs) have been used in extensive applications of biomedicine, electronics, optics, engineering, and personal care products. Accordingly, with the increasing release of NMs into the environment, numerous studies of nanoecotoxicity have been conducted. Fish embryo toxicity test (FET) has many benefits in evaluating toxicity of NMs as an alternative to a whole-body test in fish. In this study, we collected and analyzed the toxicity studies of metallic NMs on freshwater fish embryos. Most studies have demonstrated that metallic NMs are highly toxic during the early development of fish embryos. However, it should be noted that the results for the same NMs on the same test species show variation due to differences in the size or surface properties of the test NMs and exposure conditions. For the safe use of metallic NMs, we need to analyze their effects based on their properties, test species, environmental media, and diverse conditions.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.471-481
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• 2017

Objectives : Noemyeong-san (NMS) is a novel herbal prescription composed of five oriental medicinal herbs including Prunellae Spica, Betulae Cortex, Foeniculi Fructus, Asiasari Radix, and Clematidis Radix for treating Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of NMS on BV2 microglia to evaluate the potential action of this formula for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. Methods : To determine the cytotoxicity of NMS on BV2 microglia, the MTT assay was performed. The effects of NMS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia were determined with a nitric oxide (NO) assay and western blots for inflammatory mediator-related proteins, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) pathway-related proteins, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Result : NMS inhibited induction of iNOS and COX-2 as well as NO production without affecting the cell viability in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. NMS also suppressed activation of ERK and p38 MAPK among main kinases of MAPKs as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ by LPS stimulation. Furthermore, NMS dose-dependently induced the expression of HO-1 and the inhibitory effect of NMS on the production of NO were blocked by pretreatment with an HO-1 inhibitor, Snpp. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that NMS has potent anti-neuroinflammatory effect on the LPS-stimulated microglia. These findings provide evidences for NMS to be considered as a new prescription for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.762-767
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• 2012

The ecotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment is actively conducted throughout the world because of the concerns about their potential risk from usage and release into the environment, as well as their unique physiochemical properties. Ecotoxicity tests for NMs have been conducted using various species and methods; however, in spite of these efforts, the characteristics and toxicity of NMs have not been defined. The fish embryo toxicity test (FET) has been conducted extensively to evaluate the toxicity of NMs as an alternative to a whole-body test in fish. In this study, we collected and analyzed the trends of nanotoxicity on the early development of freshwater fish. The model nanomaterials are carbon NMs ($C_{60},\;C_{70},\;C_{60}$(OH)n and carbon nanotube). Their adverse effects were extensively investigated based on the properties of NMs, test species, and diverse exposure conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1892-1897
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• 2012

In this paper, efficient CNU(Check Node Update) algorithms are analyzed for high speed LDPC decoding in DVB-S2 standard. In aspect to CNU methods, there are some kinds of CNU methods. Among of them, MP (Min Product) method is quite often used in LDPC decoding. However MP needs LUT (Look Up Table) that is critical path in LDPC decoding speed. A new SC-NMS (Self-Corrected Normalized Min-Sum) method is proposed in the paper. NMS needs only normalized scaling factor instead of LUT and compensates the overestimation of MP approximation. In addition, SC method is proposed. It gives a faster convergence toward a decoded codeword. If a message change its sign between two iterations, it is not reliable and to avoid to propagate noisy information, its module is set to 0. The performance of SC-NMS has a little degrade compare to MP by 0.1 dB, however considering computational complexity and decoding speed, SC-NMS algorithm is optimal method for CNU algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.585-594
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was to analyze on current Study situations were oriental-western hospital NMS of Korea ${\cdot}$ China. Method : This study was descriptive-comparative investigation. Study subjects were Korean(44) and Chinese(47) hospitals' NMS. Nursing division of Xi Yean Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine collected raw data. Result : Hospital NMS of 44 Korean and 47 Chinese has been analyzed and results were as follows; Current situations of Korean NMS(47.7%) belonged to the Director of hospital while Chinese belonged to diagnosis and treatment division(78.7%), and to the nurse-vise superintendent(14.9%). Chinese NMS divided in nursing administration, and technology management that has unique type of simultaneous development in chinese medical and nursing practice. Korean(72%) and Chinese(43.3%) nursing division, and Chinese nursing unit(33.3%) operated inservice education. And Korea(43.2%) and China(80.9%) evaluated by written examination after education. Details of performed oriental nursing practices were similar between Korea and China. Conclusion : There were different of NMS, inservice education, but similar to oriental nursing practices between Korea and China.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a severe iatrogenic complication of treatment with antipsychotic medication. The aim of this review is to provide the clinical characteristics and treatments of children and adolescents with NMS. Searches were conducted in Medline, Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Research Information Service System (RISS). Sixteen case reports and two review articles were selected in Medline, and two Korean cases reported in department of emergency medicine and pediatrics were selected from RISS. Heterogeneous and atypical presentations of NMS were observed in children and adolescents. Some noticeable differences were observed between adult patients and child patients with NMS. In addition, symptom presentations related to atypical antipsychotic agents differed from those of typical ones. In treatment, bromocriptine and benzodiazepine were recommended for management of symptoms. In particular, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was a useful treatment option. For prevention and early detection of NMS in children and adolescents, evaluation of risk factors and understanding of diagnostic features of NMS are very important.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.193-200
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• 2011

The external disturbance torque acting on a low earth orbit spacecraft was analyzed. For the Earth pointing attitude, the maximum torque to the spacecraft is about $8.3{\times}10^{-4}$ Nms and the momentum accumulated for an orbit is about 1.4 Nms and for the Sun pointing attitude, the maximum torque to the spacecraft is about $1.6{\times}10^{-3}$ Nms and the momentum is accumulated about 3.0 Nms in the spacecraft body reference frame. The analysis results confirm that the size of magnetic torquer selected previously for the satellite is sufficient to manage the accumulated momentum by considering the dumping capacity for an orbit.