• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.267-278
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• 1991

원발성 아메바성 수막 뇌염을 일으키는 병원성이 강한 자유 생활 아메바인 Naegleria fowleri이 영양형을 마우스 비강에 접종시킨 후 12시간, 1일, 2일, 3일 및 5일째에 비장 세포의 자연살세포 독성을 측정하였다. 51Cr 방출 경사법과 단세포 독성 검사에 의하여 표적 세포 결합능, 활성 자연살세포, Vmaz 및 재순환능을 측정하였다. 감염 마우스의 사망률은 접종 후 20일까지 76.7%이였으며 사망한 마우스의 평균 생존 기간은 12.87±0.71일이었다. 자연살세포의 독성은 아메바 접종후 12시간째에 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하기 시작하여 접종후 1일째 가장 증가하였다. 표적 세로 결합능간에는 경과 기간별로 유의한 차이가 없었으며 환성 자연살세포와 재순환능은 자연살세포의 독성이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. N. fowleri가 감염되었을 때 자연살세포의 활성에 미치는 영향을 보면 자연살세포의 독성이 증가함에 따라 환성 자연살세포 및 재순환능이 증가하였고, 표적 세포 결합능에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2005

Objectives: This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the immune modulating and anti-tumor activity of Ampelopsis Radix extracts (ARE). Materials and Methods: To elucidate the effects of ARE on the macrophage and NK cell activity, we analyzed NO production, NK cytotoxicity and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results: ARE activated and promoted macrophages to product NO in part. And, ARE has significant properties to activate macrophages and NK cells by promoting related cytokines like IL-1, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, iNOS and TNF-$\alpha$ gene expressions. We also observed that ARE promoted protein expression of IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ in mice splenocytes. Conclusions: ARE is an effective herbal drug for immune modulating and anti-cancer by promoting activity of macrophages and NK cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2003

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is traditionally used as appetite enhancer, improver of the digestive system, antithusive, anti-cold, antipyretic, analgesic, and antiinflammation. In vitro evaluation using human lymphocyte cultures showed almost similar indication with those in in vivo mouse study, NK cell lysing activity was improved significantly. Proliferation activity of B and T cells, and CD3$^{＋}$ and CD3$^{＋}$CD4$^{＋}$T cell subset were better observed using oleoresin or gingerol and shogaol fractions. Although there were higher activities in gingerol, the improvement was almost equal to that by oleoresin. Shogaol did not show better improvement except at higher concentration. It could be concluded that treatment with single bioactive compound, such as gingerol, did not show significant effects compared to oleoresin, the crude extract. In human study, involving healthy male adult, the improvement of NK cell lysing activity was again demonstrated and even more apparent. The mechanism involved in the protection seemed to be through the antioxidant activity of gingerol. However, other mechanism underlying the improvement of NK cell lysing activity must be involved since this improvement seemed to be specifically toward NK cell activity. Since NK cells ave specific for the elimination of virus-infected cell and mutated cells, this positive effect on the immune system are very interesting. This work has also scientifically proved that the traditional beliefs that ginger had preventive effects on common cold appeared to be reasonable.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

Aim : Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that lyse certain tumor- and virus-infected cells without any prior stimulation or immunization. This article aims to review the significance of evaluating peripheral blood NK cells to predict anti-tumor immune function and prognosis in cancer patients. Methods : PubMed was used to create a database for this review. Search words of cancer, natural killer cell, prognosis were used to retrieve related articles. References of the collected articles were also reviewed. Results : Current evidence indicates that decreased or absent NK cell count or activity is mostly associated with the development or progression of cancer. In patients with various types of cancer, NK cell activity was mostly associated with the cancer prognosis and survival despite some conflicting results. Conclusion : The data shows the evaluation of anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients through natural killer cell measurement still remains a controversial matter. However, it is clear that the NK cell activity plays an important role in cancer and is associated with prevention of both early stage and metastatic cancer.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2021

Background: Ginsenosides have beneficial effects on several airway inflammatory disorders primarily through glucocorticosteroid-like anti-inflammatory activity. Among inflammatory cells, eosinophils play a major pathogenic role in conferring a risk of severe refractory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the role of ginsenosides in reducing eosinophilic inflammation and CRS pathogenesis is unexplored. Methods: We investigated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of ginsenoside F1 (G-F1) in comparison with those of dexamethasone, a representative glucocorticosteroid, in a murine model of CRS. The effects of G-F1 or dexamethasone on sinonasal abnormalities and infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells were evaluated by histological analyses. The changes in inflammatory cytokine levels in sinonasal tissues, macrophages, and NK cells were assessed by qPCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We found that G-F1 significantly attenuated eosinophilic inflammation, mast cell infiltration, epithelial hyperplasia, and mucosal thickening in the sinonasal mucosa of CRS mice. Moreover, G-F1 reduced the expression of IL-4 and IL-13, as well as hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase required for prostaglandin D2 production. This therapeutic efficacy was associated with increased NK cell function, without suppression of macrophage inflammatory responses. In comparison, dexamethasone potently suppressed macrophage activation. NK cell depletion nullified the therapeutic effects of G-F1, but not dexamethasone, in CRS mice, supporting a causal link between G-F1 and NK cell activity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that potentiating NK cell activity, for example with G-F1, is a promising strategy for resolving eosinophilic inflammation in CRS.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2023

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells that actively prevent neoplastic development, growth, and metastatic dissemination in a process called cancer immunosurveillance. Regulation of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells relies on integrated interactions between inhibitory receptors and numerous activating receptors that act in tandem to eliminate tumor cells efficiently. Conventional chemotherapy is designed to produce an anti-proliferative or cytotoxic effect on early tumor cell division. Therapies designed to kill cancer cells and simultaneously maintain host anti-tumor immunity are attractive strategies for controlling tumor growth. Depending on the drug and dose used, several chemotherapeutic agents cause DNA damage and cancer cell death through apoptosis, immunogenic cell death, or other forms of non-killing (i.e., mitotic catastrophe, senescence, autophagy). Among stress-induced immunostimulatory proteins, changes in the expression levels of NK cell activating and inhibitory ligands and tumor cell death receptors play an important role in the detection and elimination by innate immune effectors including NK cells. Therefore, we will address how these cytotoxic lymphocytes sense and respond to high and low concentrations of drug-induced stress to the drug cisplatin, among the various types of drugs that contribute to their anticancer activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 1993

Several studies have shown that extracts from yellow-green vegetables reveal antitumor activities. In the present study we investigated the effect of phytol in order to elucidate the immunological mechanism of antitumor activity of this substance. The results obtained from the experiment as follows: 1) Phytol showed cytotoxic effect on sarcoma 180 cells in vitro. 2) When phytol was injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice transplanted with sarcoma 180 cells, the average survival time (24.0 days) tended to increase as compared with the nontreated control (19.2 days). 3) When sarcoma 180 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right groin of mice, and then phytol was injected into the peritoneal cavity, the tumor inhibition ratio was 33%. 4) The natural killer(NK) cell activity was significantly augmented by phytol in vitro and in vivo. Similar augmentations of NK cell activity were obtained with culture supernatants of phytol exposed spleen cells and peripheral blood mononuiclear cells. 5) Phytol on the macrophage from peritoneal cavity showed a higher effectiveness in vivo than in vitro. These results indicate that phytol shows the inhibitory effect for growth of sarcoma 180 cells in vitro, also it can augment macrophage and NK cell activities in vivo.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2024

The objective of the study is to estimate the potential of gintonin, as an immune enhancing agent through natural killer cell (NK cell) activity in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive animals. Accumulated results reveals that, gintonin attenuated CY-induced immunosuppression and it might modulate NK cell activity to boost the immunity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.717-719
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• 2006

금사상황버섯의 추출물이 NK 세포 활성에 미치는 영향을 인체 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 대상자는 금사상황버섯 추출물 복용 군과 위약 복용군 각각 31명씩이었으며 총 8주간 상황버섯 추출물 및 위약을 하루 3캡슐씩 2회, 총 6캡슐 (3.3 g/일) 매일 경구 복용하였다. 연구 결과, NK 세포의 지표로 알려진 $CD56^+$ 세포의 수는 금사상황버섯 추출물 복용에 의해 근소한 증가를 나타냈으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었고, 대조군과의 비교에서도 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편, NK 세포의 활성은, 금사상황 버섯 추출물을 복용한 군에서는 Jurkat 세포주에 대한 세포독성이 복용 전에 비해 유의하게 증기한 반면, 대조군의 경우는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 금사상황버섯 추출물의 복용은 NK 세포의 수적인 증가를 유도하지는 않지만 그 가능의 활성화를 통해 세포성면역을 향상시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 Bacillus 발효액(ENM)을 섭취한 사람의 NK세포활성도와 Hamster의 골밀도, 골량과 골면적에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: NK세포 활성도 측정과 x-ray를 통한 골밀도 검사를 하였다. 결과: NK 세포의 활성도는 대조군은 644.71 pg/ml, 임상군이 1796.37 pg/ml로 높게 나타나 유의성이 있었다(p<.004). 그리고 임상군은 섭취 전 검사에서 1110.37 pg/ml, 사후검사에서는 1796.37 pg/ml로 유의성이 있게 증가하였다(p<.001). ENM 먹인 후의 햄스터들의 행동관찰에서는 대조군과 임상군 간의 행동은 차이가 없이 정상적으로 행동하였다. 체중의 변화는 대조군에서는 최초 및 최종 27일째에 측정한 체중은 106 g로 거의 변동이 없었으며, 임상군은 최초 측정이 96.6 g, 최종 27일째는 114 g로 증가하여 유의성이 있었다. 햄스터 뒷다리를 X-선 촬영한 사진에서는 형태적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 대조군의 골밀도는 0.059 g/cm³, 임상군은 평균 골밀도는 0.062 g/cm³로 0.003 g/cm³만큼 증가하였다. 골중량은 대조군은 0.175 g, 임상군은 0.196 g로 증가하였다. 골면적은 대조군은 2.95 cm², 임상군은 3.14 cm² 으로 0.19 cm²만큼 증가하였다. 부검에서 대조군과 임상군은 모두 특기할만한 이상은 없고, 각 장기도 정상이었다. 결론: ENM 섭취는 NK세포활성도와 Hamster의 골밀도를 증가시키는 유용한 식품이라 생각한다.