• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2018

Intraoperative identification and localization of parathyroid glands are crucial step in preventing postoperative hypocalcemia during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. If there is a method to predict the parathyroid's location rather than detecting and verifying with naked eye, it would make the operator easier to find and identify the parathyroid. Recently, near-infrared light imaging technologies have been introduced in the fields of thyroid and parathyroid surgery to predict the localization of the parathyroid. These are being conducted in two ways: autofluorescence imaging with a unique intrinsic fluorophore in the parathyroid tissues and fluorescence imaging with external fluorescence materials specially absorbed into parathyroid tissues. We are suggest that parathyroid glands can be detected by surgeon with NIR autofluorescence imaging even if they are covered by fibrofatty tissues before they are detected by surgeon's naked eye. These novel techniques are very useful to identify and preserve parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. In this article, we reviewed the latest papers that describe autofluorescence imaging and exogenous ICG fluorescence imaging of parathyroid glands during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.995-1010
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• 2020

In this study, a multivariate analysis model of partial least square regression (PLSR) was developed to predict the moisture content of green peppers using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). In HSI, illumination is essential for high-quality image acquisition and directly affects the analytical performance of the visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (VIS/NIR-HSI) system. When green pepper images were acquired using a direct lighting system, the specular reflection from the surface of the objects and their intensities fluctuated with time. The images include artifacts on the surface of the materials, thereby increasing the variability of data and affecting the obtained accuracy by generating false-positive results. Therefore, images without glare on the surface of the green peppers were created using a polarization filter at the front of the camera lens and by exposing the polarizer sheet at the front of the lighting systems simultaneously. The results obtained from the PLSR analysis yielded a high determination coefficient of 0.89 value. The regression coefficients yielded by the best PLSR model were further developed for moisture content mapping in green peppers based on the selected wavelengths. Accordingly, the polarization filter helped achieve an uniform illumination and the removal of gloss and artifact glare from the green pepper images. These results demonstrate that the HSI technique with a polarized lighting system combined with chemometrics can be effectively used for high-throughput prediction of moisture content and image-based visualization.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.394-408
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• 2015

Spectroscopy is an emerging technology for the quality assessment of pharmaceutical samples, from tablet manufacturing to final quality assurance. The traditional methods for the quality management of pharmaceutical tablets are time consuming and destructive, while spectroscopic techniques allow rapid analysis in a non-destructive manner. The advantage of spectroscopy is that it collects both spatial and spectral information (called hyperspectral imaging), which is useful for the chemical imaging of pharmaceutical samples. These chemical images provide both qualitative and quantitative information on tablet samples. In the pharmaceutics, spectroscopic techniques are used for a variety of applications, such as analysis of the homogeneity of powder samples as well as determination of particle size, product composition, and the concentration, uniformity, and distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in solid tablets. This review paper presents an introduction to the applications of various spectroscopic techniques such as hyperspectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopies (Raman spectroscopy, FT-NIR, and IR spectroscopy) for the quality and safety assessment of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. In addition, various chemometric techniques that are highly essential for analyzing the spectroscopic data of pharmaceutical samples are also reviewed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2007

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a relatively new medical imaging modality which uses near infrared light to image large-sized tissues noninvasively. We constructed a frequency-domain DOT system to measure the optical properties of optical phantoms and human tissues. The FD-DOT uses the intensity-modulated infrared light source that illuminates the biological tissues. The phase shift and modulation changes at each detector site are separately processed to measure the optical properties. The absorption and scattering coefficients are separately estimated using inverse algorithms.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2011

In this paper, we have proposed a new approach for optical failure analysis which employs a CMOS photon-emitting circuitry, consisting of a flip-flop based on a sense amplifier and a photon-emitting device. This method can be used even with deep-submicron processes where conventional optical failure analyses are difficult to use due to the low sensitivity in the near infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum. The effectiveness of our approach has been proved by the failure analysis of a prototype designed and fabricated in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS process.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67.2-67.2
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• 2016

SPT-CL J2106-5844 is known to be one of the most massive galaxy clusters ($M_{200}{\sim}1.27{\times}10^{15}M_{sun}$) ever found at z > 1. Given its redshift (z ~ 1.132), the mass of this cluster estimated by Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray observation is too large compared with the current ${\Lambda}CDM$ cosmology prediction. Mass estimation from these methods can be biased because they require assumptions on hydrostatic equilibrium, which are not guaranteed to hold at such high redshift (about 40% of the current age of the Universe). Thus, we need to verify the mass of this interesting cluster using gravitational lensing, which does not require such assumptions. In this work, we present our preliminary result of dark matter mass and its spatial mass distribution of SPT-CL J2106-5844 using weak-lensing analysis based on HST optical/NIR deep imaging data. We compare mass estimates from different sources and discuss cosmological implications.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97.1-97.1
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• 2012

NIR Emission lines from singly-ionized Iron, in particular [Fe II] $1.64{\mu}m$, are good tracer of dense atomic gas in star-forming regions, around evolved stars, and in supernova remnants. We are imaging about 180 square degrees along the Galactic Plane ($6^{\circ}$ < l < $65^{\circ}$;$-1.5^{\circ}$ < b < $+1.5^{\circ}$) with the narrow band filter centered on the [Fe II] $1.64{\mu}m$ line using WFCAM at UKIRT. The observations will complement the UWISH2 survey, which have imaged the same area with the narrow band filter centered on the molecular hydrogen 1-0 S(1) emission line at $2.12{\mu}m$, and probe a dynamically active component of ISM. We present the goals and preliminary results of our survey.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.65.2-65.2
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• 2020

We present NIR spectroscopic data of young radio quasars obtained from Flamingos-2 (F2) at Gemini-South. The targets are originally selected from Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer survey in combination with radio survey data, such as FIRST and NVSS. Our goal is to find observational evidence of jet-driven outflows, which is expected to be present in young luminous quasars from the theoretical studies. While 16 targets were observed with F2, narrow emission lines ([O III] or Hα) were detected in 7 targets. FWHM of the emission lines (up to 2500 km/s) were remarkably broad compared to ordinary quasars, revealing the presence of strong outflows. The black hole mass estimated from Eddington limit ranges from ~108 to 109 solar mass, indicating that the target quasars are likely to be progenitors of massive galaxies. Finally, we present the comparisons between the outflow velocity and the physical properties of radio jets derived from the VLA radio imaging data, in order to investigate the physical connection between the ionized outflows and radio jets.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 1995

In recent years, the development of new technologies using static magnetic fields has increased the possibility of human exposure to these fields and raised some concern as to their possible health effects. In several countries, governmental or other competent authorities have issued exposure limits that are mainly intended for specific uses, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and particle accelerators for high-energy Physics. Since applications of magnetic fields in industry and medicine are likely to grow in the future, thus increasing the possibility of occupational and general public exposure, and since the number of people with ferromagnetic implants and implanted electronic devices that can be affected by the fields is growing, there is a need for international guidelines. In the present papers, guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields are selected and discussed in order to review the guidelines of the International Non-ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA/INIRC) for non-ionizing radiation(NIR)

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.123-137
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• 2021

In this study, we performed cross calibration of KOMPSAT-3 AEISS imaging sensor with reference to normalized pixels in the Landsat 8 OLI scenes of homogenous ROI recorded by both sensors between January 2014 and December 2019 at the Libya 4 PICS. Cross calibration is using images from a stable and well-calibrated satellite sensor as references to harmonize measurements from other sensors and/or characterize other sensors. But cross calibration has two problems; RSR and temporal difference. The RSR of KOMPSAT-3 and Landsat 8 are similar at the blue and green bands. But the red and NIR bands have a large difference. So we calculate SBAF of each sensor. We compared the SBAF estimated from the TOA Radiance simulation with KOMPSAT-3 and Landsat 8, the results displayed a difference of about 2.07~2.92% and 0.96~1.21% in the VIS and NIR bands. Before SBAF, Reflectance and Radiance difference was 0.42~23.23%. Case of difference temporal, we simulated by 6S and Landsat 8 for alignment the same acquisition time. The SBAF-corrected cross calibration coefficients using KOMPSAT-3, 6S and simulated Landsat 8 compared to the initial cross calibration without correction demonstrated a percentage difference in the spectral bands of about 0.866~1.192%. KOMPSAT-3 maximum uncertainty was estimated at 3.26~3.89%; errors due to atmospheric condition minimized to less than 1% (via 6S); Maximum deviation of KOMPSAT-3 DN was less than 1%. As the result, the results affirm that SBAF and 6s simulation enhanced cross-calibration accuracy.