• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2017

In order to reduce the loss of perilla seeds at harvesting stage, different seeding methods and harvesting time had been applied to upland soil in NICS (National Institute of Crop Science), RDA, Milyang, Korea. The seeding methods were divided into hill and drill seeding, and harvesting time were 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% color-changing of top cluster perilla (cv Deulsaem) seeds. Higher plant height and lowest flower cluster, thinner culm thickness was observed in drill seeding treated plot than hill seeding treated plot. However, field lodging occurred lower at drill seeding treatment (lodging degree 3) than hill seeding plot (lodging degree 5). Harvesting time affected the loss of perilla seeds and the loss rate of perilla seeds were investigated at different color-changing of top flower cluster. When seeds were harvested at 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% color-changing of top cluster perilla seeds, the loss rate of hill and drill seeding showed no significant differences however the loss rated of 40, 60, 80, and 100 % color-changing of top flower cluster were 1.9% to 3.0%, 3.8% to 3.9%, 8.0% to 10.2%, and 16.1% to 22.7%, respectively. The harvesting time had no significant effects on the yield of perilla seeds. These results suggest that optimum harvesting time of perilla could be recommend at the 60% color-changing of top cluster to reduce the loss of perilla seeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.287-287
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate difference of quality properties of between fresh cooked rice and re-heated cooked rice after retrogradation. Nine rice varieties raised by NICS were compared the properties of physicochemical, texture, sensory evaluation, toyo glossiness value, pasting properties. Among nine rice cultivars, the changes of weight and length-width ratio of after soaking as well as cooking showed how water absorbed in each rice granule. The amount of water absorption after soaking was highest in Wolback (semi-waxy), Hiami and lowest in Samgwang, Seonpum, Ilpum. After cooking, the amount of water absorption was high in Dasan 1 and Andabyeo, however low in Ilpum. In the length-width ratio after soaking, Wolback (semi-waxy cultivar) and Anda (indica cultivar) increase their volume relatively as their shape are while others increased more in length than width. Among cooked rice, the highest value of length-width ratio shows in Anda, Dasan1, Hiami and Seonpum, the Wolbak was similar to that of non-glutinous rice. After cooking, the others stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours for retrogradation (imitated at convenience store). Then re-heated using by microwave. Pasting properties were considerably affected by storage temperature and periods of rice. The setback showed in the following order: Wolback (-92.25 RVU, the lowest retrogradation) < Seonpum (-35.20) < Chindle (-22.08) < Jungsanggold (-21.98). Toyo glossiness value of cooked rice showed in the following order: Chindle (82.40) > Samgwang (79.43) > Hiami (79.23). Sensory evaluation of re-heated rice of Jungsanggold, Samgwang, and Chindle were 78.97, 78.36, and 77.35, respectively. Hardness, elasticity, and toughness of re-heated rice ware increased compared to cooked rice, whereas cohesiveness was decreased. Hardness and elasticity is higher in Seonpum, Dasan1 and Hiami, toughness is higher in Jungsanggold, Samgwang and Wolbak. Cohesiveness of Jungsanggold and wolbak showed higher than others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2017

We developed the breeding materials with diverse grain size and shape in japonica rice. Grain size and shape are important factors affecting consumer preference and choice. However, most of Korean japonica rice cultivars have small, short, and round grain. To diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice, we conducted the breeding program using donor parents, Jizi1560 and Jizi1581. Jizi1560 and Jizi1581 are japonica germplasm with extremely large grain. Four crosses between the each donor parents and high yielding japonica rice cultivars, Deuraechan and Boramchan, were constructed and then anther culture method was applied. We obtained 290 doubled-haploid (DH) lines with appropriated morphological traits and selected 91 DH lines with diverse grain size and shape. The grain related-traits of the selected DH lines showed a higher diversity when compared with 319 cultivars developed by NICS (264 japonica, 13 black, and 32 Tongil type cultivars). We designated the selected DH lines, four parents, and Daeripbyeo 1, large grain japonica cultivar, as the breeding materials for further analysis. The breeding materials were classified into five groups, A to E, based on the grain-related traits. Group A (including Jizi1581) and Group B (including Daeripbyeo 1) showed similar grain width, whereas Group A exhibited longer grain length and heavier grain weight. Group C (including Deuraechan and Boramchan) showed shorter and rounder grain shape and smaller grain size than any other groups. Group D including solely Jizi1560 had extremely large grain, such as the longest grain length, width, and thickness and heaviest grain weight. Group E including only two DH lines had long and slender grain shape, so that showed the highest ratio of length to width. The grain size and shape of the breeding materials exhibited beyond the characteristics of previously developed Korean japonica cultivars. The breeding materials will be applied in the breeding programs to diversify the grain size and shape of japonica rice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

Generally, peanuts are classified as high-fat foods as they possess high proportions of fatty acids. This study compared lipid constituents and properties between normal and high-oleic peanuts. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) analyses revealed that the fatty acid levels were significantly different between the normal and higholeic peanuts (p<0.05). Eight fatty acids were identified in the samples, including palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, n9), linoleic (C18:2, n6), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, n9), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids. Four tocopherol homologs were detected, and ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols were the predominant ones. Tocopherols were rapidly decomposed during 25 day storage at $80^{\circ}C$. The main identified phytosterols were beta-sitosterol, ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. Acid and peroxide values indicated that high-oleic peanuts have better oxidative stability than normal peanuts. These results can serve as the basis for the use of peanuts in the food industry.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2012

A new Asiatic hybrid lily 'Redsky' cultivar was selected from a cross between 'Vivaldi' cultivar with pale pink color flower as mother plant and 'Prato' with orange colored flower in 2000 year. The selected bulb line was propagated and cultivated for line nomenclature as 'Gonong-F-na-10'. The survey of the growth and flower characteristics of 'Gonong-F-na-10' were conducted from 2005 to 2007 on summer cropping system under structure in Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA. After all 'Gonong-F-na-10' was named as 'Redsky'. The flowers of the 'Redsky' cultivar had not soft hair and fragrance, and had orange red (O-R N30D) colored petals with dark brown spots in center of flower. The stem color was dark pink and brown caused by anthocyanin pigment, the stigma and pollen colors were brown. Flowering direction was upward. The flowering date was July 7 so early flowering. The plant height was 97.2 cm so long, number of flowers was 4.9 ea, and length of flower bud was 9.3 cm. The bulb weight was about 34.8 g and its bulb size was about 14.8 cm in circumference. 'Redsky' cultivar was registered as a new variety with No. 3119 in Korea Seed and Variety Service on June of 2010.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2006

Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum frequently causes serious and unpredicable yield losses of the leaves of perilla growing under structured cultivation as vegetable in Korea. Temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$ with optimum temperature d $20^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia were formed fewer at low temperature, but their dry weight was heavier than that at high temperature. The apothecia were formed from the sclerotia that buried up to 3 cm soil depth at $15^{\circ}C$ in moisture condition. The incidence of perilla Sclerotinia rot caused by S. sclerotiorum was observed throughout the growing season at greenhouse. The occurrence of this disease was especially severe from January to February of low temperature period. The average incidence rates of this disease was up to 15%. The significant occurrence of this disease was showed mainly in the continuous cropping field for more than five years. The incidence of this disease increased according to the increase of continuous cropping year. The incidence rates of this disease reached up to 20% in the continuous cropping field for ten years. Also it was firstly investigated the natural infection caused by S. sclerotiorum on weed plants, Gnaphalium affine and Mazus pumilus in farmer's field. The casual fungus showed pathogenicity on 11 weed plants species tested, and more severe pathogenicity on G. affine, Latuca indica and Ixeris dentata included in the family Compositae. This result suggests that effective crop rotation and weed eradication can be the method for organic control of perilla sclerotinia rot, and sudden outbreaks of this disease on perilla growing under structure after paddy rice call be explained by the presence of weed hosts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis provides one of the most powerful tools for functional studies of genes in higher plants. This project has been performed to develop a large population of insertional mutations, and to construct databases of molecular information on Ds insertion sites in rice. Ultimate goals are to supply genetic materials and information to analyze gene function and to identify and utilize agronomically important genes for breeding purpose. Two strategies have been employed to generate the large scale of transposon population in a Japonica type rice, Dongjin Byeo; 1) genetic crosses between Ac and Ds lines and 2) plant regeneration from seeds carrying Ac and Ds. Our study showed that over 70% of regenerated plants generally carried independent Ds elements and high activity of transposition was detected only during regeneration period. Ds-flanking DNA amplified from leaf tissues of F2 and T1 (or T2) plants have been amplified via TAIL-PCR and directly sequenced. So far, over 65,000 Ds lines have been generated and over 9,500 Ds loci have been mapped on chromosomes by sequence analysis. Database of molecular information on Ds insertion sites has been constructed, and has been opened to the public and will be updated soon at http://www.niab.go.kr. Detailed functional analysis of more than 30 rice mutants has been performed. Several Ds-tagged rice genes that have been selected for functional analysis will be briefly introduced. We expect that a great deal of information and genetic resources of Ds lines would be obtained during the course of this project, which will be shared with domestic and international rice researchers. In addition to the Japonica rice, we have established the tagging system in an rice line of indica genetic background, MGRI079. MGRI079 (Indica/Japonica) was transformed with Agrobacteria carrying Ac and Ds T-DNA vectors. Among transgenic lines, we successfully identified single-copy Ds and Ac lines in MGR1079. These lines were served as ‘starter lines’ to mutagenize Indica genetic background. To achieve rapid, large scale generation of Ds transposant lines, MGR1079 transformants carrying homozygous Ac were crossed with ones with homozygous Ds, and $F_2$seeds were used for plant regeneration. In this year, over 2,000 regeneration plants were grown in the field. We are able to evaluate the tagging efficiency in the Indica genetic background in the fall.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2008

Winter annual green manure crops may be an effective tool for environmental-friendly agriculture system. The effect of legume (hairy vetch), non-legume (rye) and N fertilization ($190kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$) was examined and compared on red-pepper yield, nitrogen uptake, carbohydrate composition, and soil N and C contents. We monitored soil N and C for 120 days after incorporation (DAI) of green manures or mineral fertilizer. The mineralization of nitrogen reached the maximum around 30 DAI. The amount of inorganic nitrogen supplied by mineralization of hairy vetch residue was greater with than chemical N or rye. Photosynthetic rate was similar by 70 DAT in all treatments however, it in rye-incorporated red-pepper presented a sharp decline at later growth period. Leaf total nitrogen was greater with hairy vetch and chemical N than rye throughout the experiment. The soluble sugar increased steadily in all treatments from 40 to 110 days after transplanting (DAT) whereas starch showed a tendency of great decrease. Hairy vetch greatly promoted red-pepper growth by the later period however, chemical N showed the highest fruit yields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.914-920
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• 2012

We investigated the effects of heat treatment and extraction method on the antioxidant activities of five medicinal plants: Cyperus rotundus, Eucommia ulmoides, Bupleurum falcatum, Achyranthes japonica Nakai, and Akebia quinata. Extraction was performed with only ultrasound, ultrasound after heating at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, and reflux extraction with distilled water. The phenolic contents of reflux extraction and ultrasound extraction after heating were higher than only ultrasound extraction, and ultrasound extraction after heating samples was higher than reflux extraction except for Eucommia ulmoides and Cyperus rotundus. Total flavonoid content was higher in reflux and ultrasound extraction after heating samples than only ultrasound extraction, except for Cyperus rotundus. ABTS radical scavenging activity was higher in reflux extraction and ultrasound extraction after heating a sample, than only ultrasound extraction. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in reflux extraction except for Achyranthes japonica Nakai and Akebia quinata. The reducing power of ultrasound extraction after heating was higher with Achyranthes japonica Nakai. From the results of this study, we can expect to increase the antioxidant activity of medicinal plant extracts by applying suitable extraction and pretreatment conditions on the type of medicinal plant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.856-863
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• 2013

Application of rhizospheric fungi is an effective and environmentally friendly method of improving plant growth and controlling many plant diseases. The current study was aimed to identify phytohormone-producing fungi from soil, to understand their roles in sesame plant growth, and to control Fusarium disease. Three predominant fungi (PNF1, PNF2, and PNF3) isolated from the rhizospheric soil of peanut plants were screened for their growth-promoting efficiency on sesame seedlings. Among these isolates, PNF2 significantly increased the shoot length and fresh weight of seedlings compared with controls. Analysis of the fungal culture filtrate showed a higher concentration of indole acetic acid in PNF2 than in the other isolates. PNF2 was identified as Penicillium sp. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence similarity. The in vitro biocontrol activity of Penicillium sp. against Fusarium sp. was exhibited by a 49% inhibition of mycelial growth in a dual culture bioassay and by hyphal injuries as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, greenhouse experiments revealed that Fusarium inhibited growth in sesame plants by damaging lipid membranes and reducing protein content. Co-cultivation with Penicillium sp. mitigated Fusarium-induced oxidative stress in sesame plants by limiting membrane lipid peroxidation, and by increasing the protein concentration, levels of antioxidants such as total polyphenols, and peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. Thus, our findings suggest that Penicillium sp. is a potent plant growth-promoting fungus that has the ability to ameliorate damage caused by Fusarium infection in sesame cultivation.