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Occurrence of Sclerotinia Rot on Perilla Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under Structured Cultivation Condition

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 의한 시설재배 들깨 균핵병 발생특성

  • Shin, Dong-Bum (Environment & Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Song, Seok-Bo (Plant Environment Division, Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute of NICS, RDA) ;
  • Moon, Byung-Ju (Faculty of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University)
  • 신동범 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 환경생명공학과) ;
  • 송석보 (작물과학원 영남농업연구소 식물환경과) ;
  • 문병주 (동아대학교 생명자원과학대학)
  • Published : 2006.12.01

Abstract

Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum frequently causes serious and unpredicable yield losses of the leaves of perilla growing under structured cultivation as vegetable in Korea. Temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$ with optimum temperature d $20^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia were formed fewer at low temperature, but their dry weight was heavier than that at high temperature. The apothecia were formed from the sclerotia that buried up to 3 cm soil depth at $15^{\circ}C$ in moisture condition. The incidence of perilla Sclerotinia rot caused by S. sclerotiorum was observed throughout the growing season at greenhouse. The occurrence of this disease was especially severe from January to February of low temperature period. The average incidence rates of this disease was up to 15%. The significant occurrence of this disease was showed mainly in the continuous cropping field for more than five years. The incidence of this disease increased according to the increase of continuous cropping year. The incidence rates of this disease reached up to 20% in the continuous cropping field for ten years. Also it was firstly investigated the natural infection caused by S. sclerotiorum on weed plants, Gnaphalium affine and Mazus pumilus in farmer's field. The casual fungus showed pathogenicity on 11 weed plants species tested, and more severe pathogenicity on G. affine, Latuca indica and Ixeris dentata included in the family Compositae. This result suggests that effective crop rotation and weed eradication can be the method for organic control of perilla sclerotinia rot, and sudden outbreaks of this disease on perilla growing under structure after paddy rice call be explained by the presence of weed hosts.

시설재배 되는 들깨에 발생하여 피해를 초래하는 균핵병 발생 특성에 대하여 조사연구한 결과, 들깨 균핵병균(S. sclerotiorum)의 균사생장 적온은 $20^{\circ}C$이었고, $15^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서보다 균핵의 형성수는 적었으나 보다 큰 균핵을 형성하였으며 건물중도 높았다. 토양 깊이별 균핵의 자낭반 형성은 0.5 cm에서 가장 높았고 3cm 깊이까지 자낭반을 하였으나 5cm 이상의 깊이에서는 자낭반 형성이 관찰되지 않았다. 들깨 균핵병은 전 생육기에 걸쳐 발생하였고, 특히 저온 다습기인 1월에서 2월에 발생이 높았다. 그리고 5년 이상 연작 재배시 높은 발병을 보였으며, 10년 이상 연작재배 포장은 20% 이상의 발병을 보여 많은 피해를 초래하였다. 또한 들깨 시설재배 농가 포장에서 자연 감염에 의한 균핵병이 떡쑥, 주름잎 등의 잡초에 발생하였으며, 병원성 조사결과, 화본과를 제외한 국화과 등 6개과에 속하는 11종의 잡초에 병원성을 나타내었다. 이런 결과는 윤작과 효율적인 잡초관리가 들깨 균핵병 발생을 경감할 수 있고, 벼 후작으로 시설재배 되는 들깨에 균핵병이 격발하는 원인을 설명할 수 있는 하나의 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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