• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop School Agenda 21 to activate environmental education at schools. In detail, this study is intended to develop operating procedures, major issue areas or domains, and instructions on the preparation for School Agenda 21. School Agenda 21 means the action plan which students, teachers, parents, and other concerned parties (including office of education, local municipal bodies, and NGOs) write under agreement with respect to their respective roles in order to activate environmental educations oriented toward sustainable development. The results of this study are as follow. First, the operating procedures for School Agenda 21 consist of seven steps; organization, diagnosis of problems, setup of targets or objectives, development of codes of behavior, system establishment, practices and reviews, and evaluation and feedbacks. Second, major issue areas for School Agenda 21 are classified into six; school management, class operation, independent subject activity, separate subject activity, non-subject activity, and external relations of school. Third, instructions of the preparation of School Agenda 21 address these 10 concepts; balance, unification, continuity, daily routine, linkage, environmental justice, participation, peculiarity of schools and classes, regional peculiarity, and concreteness, which consider 7 principles for environmental education, levels of learners, regional features, and concreteness. School Agenda 21 developed from this study converts existing environmental education toward sustainable development environmental education, and developed for the purpose to activate school environmental education, but ultimate purpose of this study are realizing sustainable society, sustainable future to realize education for sustainable development. So School Agenda 21 is expected to important performance way making possible Local Agenda 21, National Agenda 21, Agenda 21 as if education, public recognition and discipline contents of the 36 chapter of Agenda 21.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2001

The advantages of arbitration such as promptness, economy and flexibility apply to the disputes arising from corporate governance between shareholders and a corporation. The confidentiality of arbitration can be particularly highlighted in the disputes among the members inside corporation. But it appears that the shareholders believe litigation the best way to pursue liabilities of managers of corporation and improve the system of corporate governance. And it is claimed that the current litigation system lacks the implementation of shareholders rights due to structural deficiency and therefore need bring class actions into the system of Korean jurisprudence. The OECD, which afforded the rescue finances to Korea, also recommended shareholder class actions as a way to improve corporate governance. Class actions have merits but even advanced countries consider the changes of existing system or only stay class actions in the stage of discussion. Rather, legal experts urge arbitration to be used more frequently and the Courts also approved the dispute resolutions of the disputes as to corporate governance through arbitration. There is no report in Korea that arbitration was used to resolve the disputes between shareholders and the managers, or between shareholders and corporation, which is listed in the Stock Market. There only are the debates for bring class actions into the judicial system between NGOs and the organizations of corporate managers. But arbitration has greater advantages in resolving the disputes among the members of corporation that any other methods for dispute resolution. Arbitration can interpret flexibly the mandatory provisions of the Statutes of Security and the Code of Commerce to meet the needs of parties involved, which is not possible to the Courts. Arbitration can issue the award to meet the equity of the parties. And arbitration can avoid a resolution of All or Nothing by fully considering the specific situations of Korean corporations(such as family-dominated management) and can issue the award beneficial to all parties of shareholders, managers and corporation. Thus it should be sought to resolve the disputes as to corporate governance through arbitration.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.939-950
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• 2011

환경 친화적 개발은 개발도상국에서 가난을 근절시키기 위해 피할 수 없는 것이다. 전 세계적인 운동으로 환경 친화적 개발을 하게 하기 위해서는, 우리는 환경 친화적 개발을 위한 교육을 제공해야만 한다. 하지만 환경친화적 개발 교육을 수행하려면 많은 문제가 있다. 인간 교육을 하기위해서는 확실한 철학이 있어야한다. 지구헌장은 환경친화적 개발에 대한 세계정상회담을 통해 국제적, 비정부 조직을 포함하여 국제적인 공감대를 얻어냈으며 다양한 국가의 사람들로 개발되었다. 지구헌장에 근거하여 세계 평화와 전 인류의 인권과 환경을 위한 교육이 수행되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 첫째, 지속가능성의 상실을 논하였다, 둘째로 인간 개발관점의 손실은 교육에 관한 기초로 하고 있다. 셋째로 문맹의 쇠퇴이며, 넷째는 여성을 위한 교육의 감소, 다섯 번째는 지나친 지식에 대한 강조와 암기이며, 여섯 번째는 삶의 질이 교육으로 부터의 일탈에 관한 것이다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2011

Purpose : To figure out the degree of leisure satisfaction of elderly's life. Method : A total of 1,015 persons were randomly selected from cities. This survey was performed by college students from July 1 through October 31, 2008. Results : 1. The level of health status of the subjects was $8.58{\pm}0.24$ of 15 points(57.2points of 100 points). 2. The average satisfaction degree of leisure was $2.92{\pm}39$(58.8points of 100). Of the study subjects, females, a group over 65-69, singles, the persons spending petty cash over 1.1 million won a month, the persons living with 3-4 family members and the subjects living with children had higher degree of satisfaction than other groups. 3. The factors affecting the degree of leisure satisfaction by regression analysis were age, gender, marital status, amount of petty cash, education level, the number of family members, utilization of social service agency, current health status. The influence level of those variables was 36.1%. Conclusion : It is very important to develop special activity program for their pleasant leisure time. The recreation and leisure program for the elderly should be implemented to provide by the authorities concerned. Children should be encouraged to live with their parents. All elderly welfare related agencies such as government, NGOs and professionals have to work together to improve the health of the elderly.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1838-1844
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• 2007

The Wonhyo Tunnel on KTX railroad line is a section of latest concerns from domestic environmental NGOs, which focus on potential destruction of ecosystem or the like due to ever-depleted swamp water at about 300m upward from the tunnel under construction. As a result of study, out of all swamps in the vicinity of the tunnel, it was found that Mujechi 1st and 2nd swamps have been getting smaller in their area little by little since 50 years ago primarily under the influence of eroded streams around lower swamp and even ever-increasing annual mean temperature. As the result of monitoring about swamp before work, it was found that swamp water depends absolutely on amount of rainfall. Besides, the results of monitoring during work also didn't show any leakage generated in the tunnel during and after excavation works with regard to a wheat field swamp in the most vicinity of the tunnel (80m away). On the other hand, it was found that the range affected by ground water sink in tunnel section without grouting process amounted to about 100m around the tunnel, which indicates that such ground water sink has no significant impact upon most of swamps near the tunnel. As the result of testing by two well tracer test around swamps, it was noted that swamp water didn't run out from the bottom of swamp even with adjacent ground water level sunk in factitious ways. And the results of physical survey showed that swamp kept saturated even in dry season when ground water level becomes lower than the bottom of swamp. Therefore, even supposing that ground water level becomes sunk due to tunnel works, it is estimated that the water level of swamps would be still kept owing to impervious layer(peat beds).

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제27권
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• pp.35-62
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• 2004

본 연구는 언론개혁의 대상으로 지목되어온 3대 언론사 <조 중 동>의 언론개혁 보도내용을 분석함으로써 이들 언론이 언론개혁에 대해 어떻게 그들의 입장을 변호해왔는지를 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 그간 언론개혁의 목소리는 높았지만, 그 구체적 증거 없이 당위성이나 명분론만 무성했던 면이 적지 않았던 탓에, 본 연구는 이들 신문의 언론개혁에 대한 입장이나 태도가 어떻게 기사를 통해 나타나는지를 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 연구방법은 보도량과 기사의 성격 등에 대해서는 실증적 검증을 실시하여, 전체적으로 언론기사의 보도행태가 어떠했는지를 분석하였으며, 구체적으로 언론개혁은 어떻게 구성되고 묘사되었는지를 담론분석방법으로 살펴보았다. 담론분석이란 언론이 한 사건을 보도할 때, 그것을 어떤 시각으로 보도하였는지를 종합적으로 살펴보는 방법으로 본 연구에서는 언론개혁에 관한 보도를 언론개혁, 개혁 주체, 개혁 정책 등 3개의 중심 시각으로 분류하였으며 이를 각 언론들이 어떻게 형상화하고 있는지를 몇 개의 프레임으로 나누어 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 각 언론이 바라보는 언론개혁에 대한 전반적 특성을 찾아보았으며, 미시적 관점에서의 언어적 표현 분석을 통해 보다 상세한 증거를 보강하는 방식으로 분석을 진행하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.65-84
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• 1999

During the past few decades, we have witnessed three approaches to overcome the legal disparities between trading countries: - determining the individual governing law in accordance with the conflict of laws principle; - unifying and harmonizing private international law into uniform rules and substantive laws under the auspices of ICC, UNCITRAL, UNIDROIT and various NGOs ; and - drafting model laws like the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and promoting member countries to enact them. Against this backdrop, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the process by which it was adopted, established the benchmark for the unification of commercial law. The CISG, completed in 1980, merged civil and common law concepts and came into force in 1988 after a certain number of countries endorsed the treaty. Besides the CISG, the U.N. Limitations Convention and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Law, to name a few, have attempted to set cross-border legal norms and standards in the international business transactions. However, since the advent of computer-based commerce, there have emerged all-out efforts to establish uniform rules before national legal systems have been developed. As a consequence, the Model Law on Electronic Commerce has become a specimen legislation covering functional equivalents of paper-based writing and signature. For the credit enhancement exemplified by the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (ICC Publication No.458), the UNCITRAL prepared the U.N. Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit, which was adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 1995 but remains still not effective as only two countries have ratified this treaty so far. In this connection, two draft conventions underway at UNIDROIT and UNCITRAL deserve our attention as the probability of unification in the Korean Peninsula is mounting. They are to create security interests for commercial finance in moveable equipment and accounts receivable. The UCC-type security rights are regarded to be useful to enable the North Koreans with limited properties to borrow from the banks.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

This report describes the first prize design of Midongsan Eco-park, which is located in Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong) province. Criteria of the winning design are as follows: 1) The design should include a neighborhood park as well as a portion of a green zone, in order to harmonize the area ecosystem, gradually assimilate the surroundings, and serve as an education tool for the public. 2) According to an analysis of area maps and a site-inspection, a preserved area, a buffer area, a restored area, and a developed area should be developed. In the buffer and restored areas, major facilities and activity spaces should be set up. 3) Observation trails should be accessible to visitors, and a variety of adventure programs should be available. 4) The eco-park should be designed to provide a habitat for the Gorani (Chinese water deer) which used to live around Midongsan. 5) For sensuous and vivid visitor experiences, diverse programs are to be designed to accommodate different seasons, visitor ages, and required time. Environment and eco-education are to be emphasized to maximize the effect of the eco-programs. 6) Optimal activities for visitors of different ages, optimal time intervals and eco-programs by age are also suggested. 7) Facilities are zoned into three sections according to level of development. Each section has a main area and supplementary areas for better understanding. 8) Nature-friendly arrangement of facilities and construction should minimize earthwork and adverse effects on the local ecology. Throughout the planning, the following things were learned: longer-term analysis including all season's observation is essential; planning, designing, bui Iding and managing should be based on this careful, extended observation. The contest should have taken plate over a longer period of time in order enable more detailed planing of the eco-park For improved management and activities, a volunteer system in linked with schools eco-institutions and NGOs should be developed with eco-interpreters.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

Biotechnology is certainly one of the major landmarks in the 20th century history of science. It may produce enormous utility to human beings, but at the same time, it carries huge potential risks to the environment and public health. Thus, with a view to securing safety for the environment and public health in relation to the development and use of living modified organisms (LMOs), the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted, in which a regulation Procedure as to the transboundary movements, transportation, handling, and use of LMOs were drawn up. In order to prepare for the entry into force of the Protocol, the Republic of Korea legislated the "Act on the Transboundary Movements of living modified organisms(hereinafter referred as the 'Act')" in Mar 2001, and has pre-announced the enactments of the enforcement ordinance and the enforcement regulation to the Act. Pursuant to the Act, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, as a Competent National Authority, is making efforts to implement domestic biosafety schemes in cooperation with other bio-related government ministries. In order for these efforts to reap fruits, industry, academia, and research institutions should cooperate with one another, and civic groups and NGOs should narrow the differences in opinions and timely respond to the fast-changing situations. Focusing on the precautionary principle, the Protocol puts a great emphasis on the importance of information sharing amongst countries, and the Act also follows this principle. In order to gurantee biosafety, countries around the world, including the ROK, agreed to establish National Biosafety Clearing, designed to provide the information on the export/import of LMOs, R'||'&'||'Ds, risk assessment, safety control, etc. and register it on the CBD Central Biosafety Clearing House.e.

• 인터넷정보학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2013

This article consists of 3 parts. Part I is multi stakeholder approach on Internet governance system. Part II is analysis of the Korean Internet governance system. In this part, I explain relevant laws in Korea, including Korean Internet Address Resources Act. Part III is my suggestion on Korean Internet governance system using a multi stakeholder approach. First of all, the keyword of the Internet governance system is decision making process: that is, consensus based versus top-down approach. Then who are major players in Internet governance in national level? Government, or Private sectors such as business and civil society. Korean legal system for Internet governance shows a top-down decision making process. Major players are the government (that is, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning) and KISA affiliated with the government. Other players include Internet Address Policy Committee, Korea Internet Governance Alliance, and NGOs. The key statute for Internet governance in Korea is Internet Address Resources Act of 2004. Articles 3 and 5 require the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning to take a proactive role in Internet governance. The government shall consult with the Internet Address Policy Deliberation Committee for Internet governance. Yet this Committee is established under the control of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. All members of this Committee are also commissioned or nominated by the Chairman of the Ministry. Meanwhile, there are also non-official organizations, including Sub-committee on Address & Infrastructure of Korea Internet Governance Alliance. I suggest to reform decision making process of Korean Internet governance system based on BOTTOM-UP process for CONSENSUS BASED DECISION. My suggested system includes the following: (1) The government hands over a major role in Internet governance to INDEPENDENT Internet policy organization. And the government participates in such organization as ONE of the players. (2) Nomination of this committee member must be bottom-up process for a genuine multi-stakeholder model including civil society, commercial organization, end-users and experts. (3) The government should establish plan for supporting the private sector's international activity on the long-term basis.