• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2006

Hypercholesterolemia is a pivotal pathogenic factor for the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the methanol extract of Sorbus commixta cortex (MSC) restores vascular dysfunction in association with the aortic expressions of proinflarnmatory and adhesion molecules in high cholesterol (HC) diet-rats. Chronic treatment with low (100 mg/kg/day) or high doses (200 mg/kg/day) of MSC lowered the increase in plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol induced by a cholesterol-enriched diet without affecting on the plasma level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Vascular tone attenuated in the HC-diet rats was restored by administration with MSC. Treatment with MSC also suppressed the HC-induced increase in the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and nuclear factor-$_K$B (NF-$_K$B) p65 expressions as well as expressions levels of adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin in aorta. The present study also showed that MSC inhibited the HC-mediated induction of ET-1 and ACE expression. In histopathological examination, aortic segments in the HC-diet rat revealed thickening intima and media, which were blocked by administration with MSC. Taken together, MSC could suppress the development of atherosclerosis in the HC-diet rat model through the inhibition of the aortic expression levels of pro-inflammatory and adhesion molecules.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

저자들은 C3의 감소와 육안적 혈뇨를 보인 환아에서 현미경적 혈뇨가 지속되면서 8주 후 시행한 검사에서도 C3의 감소가 지속되어 MPGN을 의심하고 신생검 예정이었다. 추적 관찰 중 수막구균 뇌수막염이 동반되었고, C3와 C5의 지속적인 감소와 C7과 C9의 일시적인 감소를 확인하였으며, 신생검에서 1형 MPGN으로 확인되었다. 본 증례의 아쉬운 점은 nephritic factor의 존재나 factor H의 결핍을 입증하여야 하나 아직까지 국내에서는 시행되지 않아 확인은 하지 못하였다. 앞으로 국내에서도 nephritic factor나 다양한 보체계(complement profile)에 대한 검사들이 시행되어야 할 것이다. 이제까지 국내에서는 후기 보체 결핍에 의하여 수막구균 뇌수막의 발생 증례 보고는 2004년 이후 여러 차례 있었지만, MPGN 환자에서 수막구균의 감염은 국내에 보고된 바가 없다. 본 증례를 통해 저보체혈증이 지속되는 일부의 MPGN 환자에서는 수막구균 감염 위험성이 존재하며, nephritic factor 검사와 함께 후기 보체 결핍에 대한 검사가 필요하다고 생각한다. 또한 수막구균성 뇌수막염에 이환된 모든 환자에 대해서 보체 검사를 시행하고 이런 환자에서 주기적인 소변 검사를 통하여 이상이 있을시 MPGN의 가능성을 고려하여 신생검을 고려하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2000

군산내만에서 분리한 미생물총 Vibrio spp.(44균주), Pseudomonas spp.(42균주), Aeromonas spp.(26균주), Moraxella spp.(9균주), Enterobacteria spp.(6균주), Bordetella spp.(3균주), Alkaligenesis spp.(3균주), Staphylococcus spp.(3균주), Flavobacterium spp.(2균주)를 총 123주를 대상으로 Ampicillin(AM), Penicillin-G(PM), Rifampicin(RF), Streptomycin(SM), Oxolinic acid(OA), Nalidixic acid(NA), Oxytetracycline(OT), Amikacin(AK), 및 Enorfloxacin(EF)등의 약제에 대해서 감수성검사를 실시하였다. 공시약제에 대한 감수성균주는 42균주(34.1%)이었으며, 내성균주는 81균주(65.9%)로서 약제 내성율은 AM(54균주/43.9%), PM(47균주/38.2%) 및 RF(35균주/28.4%) 등에는 고빈도의 내성을 보였으며, SM(9균주/7.3%), OA(5균주/4.06%) 및 NA(1균주/0.8%)등에는 저빈도의 내성을 보였다. 그렇지만 OT, AK 및 NF에는 내성을 보이지 않았다. 내성 유형은 총 15유형(1-4제)으로서 이중 단일약제 내성 균주는 모두 35균주(28.4%)로서 AM(20균주/16.3%), PM(10균주/16.3%)및 RF(10균주/8.1%)약제에 내성 출현율이 높았다. 한편, 다제내성은 12유형을 나타내었으며, AM-PM-RF(16균주/13.4%), AM-PM(8균주/6.5%) 및 PM-RF(7균주/5.6%)유형이 비교적 출현빈도가 높았다. 따라서 본 해역은 다양한 약제에 내성을 나타내는 미생물총이 서식하고 있어서 향후 다제내성균이 빠르게 확산 되어 어류질병의 치료에 많은 어려움이 예상된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic disease which increases global health problems. Diabetes-induced renal damage is associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Alpha (AT) and gamma-tocopherols (GT) have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in inflammation-mediated injuries. The primary aim of this study was to investigate effects of AT and GT supplementations on hyperglycemia induced acute kidney inflammation in alloxan induced diabetic mice with different levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG). MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p) in ICR mice (5.5-week-old, male) and mice were subdivided according to their FBG levels and treated with different diets for 2 weeks; CON: non-diabetic mice, m-DMC: diabetic control mice with mild FBG levels (250 mg/dl ${\leq}$ FBG ${\leq}$ 450 mg/dl), m-AT: m-DM mice fed AT supplementation (35 mg/kg diet), m-GT: m-DM mice with GT supplementation (35 mg/kg diet), s-DMC: diabetic control mice with severe FBG levels (450 mg/dl < FBG), s-AT: s-DM mice with AT supplementation, s-GT: s-DM mice with GT supplementation. RESULTS: Both AT and GT supplementations showed similar beneficial effects on $NF{\kappa}B$ associated inflammatory response (phosphorylated inhibitory kappa B-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and pre-fibrosis (tumor growth factor ${\beta}$-1 and protein kinase C-II) as well as an antioxidant emzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in diabetic mice. On the other hands, AT and GT showed different beneficial effects on kidney weight, FBG, and oxidative stress associated makers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) except HO-1. In particular, GT significantly preserved kidney weight in m-DM and improved FBG levels in s-DM and malondialdehyde and catalase in m- and s-DM, while AT significantly attenuated FBG levels in m-DM and improved glutathione peroxidase in m- and s-DM. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggest that AT and GT with similarities and differences would be considered as beneficial nutrients to modulate hyperglycemia induced acute renal inflammation. Further research with careful approach is needed to confirm beneficial effects of tocopherols in diabetes with different FBG levels for clinical applications.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1997

I사의 전기로 제강 슬래그(이하 슬래그)는 상당량의 금속철(metal Fe)과 wustite(FeO), magnetite(Fe$_3$O$_4$), gehlenite(${CaAl}_{2}{SiO}_{7}$) 및 monticellite(CaMgSiO$_4$)등으로 구성된다. 슬래그에 함유된 금속철(Fe 품위: 95%이상)을 회수하기 위해서는 금속철을 단ㄱ체로 분리시키는 것이 바람직하며, 매립으로 활용할 수밖에 없는 슬래그를 단계적으로 파쇄하면 대부분의 금속철은 구상의 단체로 분리된다. 구상의 단체인 금속철의 크기에 따라 흡인되는 자장의 세기를 측정하면 금속철이 흡인되는 최소 자장의 세기는 약 100G로 거의 일정하다. 다단계로 파쇄한 슬래그를 100G의 자장에서 회수한 산물은 95%이상의 철분이 함유된 금속철이었으나, 자장의 세기를 증가시키면 철의 산화물 및 알칼리 토금속류의 화합물등도 함께 회수되므로 품위가 저하된다. 따라서 매립되는 슬래그를 다단계로 파쇠하고, 각 입도에서 100G로 자선하면 파쇄된 슬래그에 함유된 대부분의 금속철을 회수할 수 있다. I사에서 매립하는 35만톤의 슬래그를 다단계로 파쇄하는 경우에, 30~4.7mm의 입도에서는 매립되는 전체 슬래그중의 약 0.73%인 2천 5백톤 정도의 금속철이 100G의 자장에서 회수될 수 있고, 4.7~0.3mm서도 약 1.2%인 4천 2백톤 정도가 회수될 수 있다. 그러므로 자력선별로 회수할 수 있는 금속철은 매립되는 슬래그중의 약 1.9%인 6천 7백톤 정도가 된다.

• Gut and Liver
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.682-693
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis. This dysfunction is caused by increased permeability and the loss of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estradiol treatment reduces colonic permeability, tight junction disruption, and inflammation in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colon cancer mouse model. Methods: The effects of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in ICR male mice 4 weeks after AOM/DSS treatment. Histological damage was scored by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the levels of the colonic mucosal cytokine myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the effects of E2 on intestinal permeability, tight junctions, and inflammation, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and mucin 4 (MUC4) were measured as target genes for intestinal permeability, whereas zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), and claudin 4 (CLDN4) served as target genes for the tight junctions. Results: The colitis-mediated induced damage score and MPO activity were reduced by E2 treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier-related molecules (i.e., MUC2, ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN4) were decreased by AOM/DSS-treatment; furthermore, this inhibition was rescued by E2 supplementation. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-related genes (i.e., KLF4, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2) was increased by AOM/DSS-treatment and ameliorated by E2. Conclusions: E2 acts through the estrogen receptor ${\beta}$ signaling pathway to elicit anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier by inducing the expression of MUC2 and tight junction molecules and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.246-268
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• 2019

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a species of legume native to East Asia. The interactions between climatic conditions and genetic characteristics are known to affect the agricultural performance of soybean. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to identify the main elements affecting the agricultural performances of 11 soybean varieties/lines from China [Harbin ($45^{\circ}12^{\prime}N$), Yanji ($42^{\circ}53^{\prime}N$), Dalian ($39^{\circ}30^{\prime}N$), Qingdao ($36^{\circ}26^{\prime}N$)] and the Republic of Korea [Suwon ($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$), and Jeonju ($35^{\circ}49^{\prime}N$)]. The days to flowering (DTF) of soybeans with the e1-nf and e1-as alleles and the E1e2e3e4 genotype, except in 'Keumgangkong', 'Tawonkong', and 'Duyoukong', were relatively short compared to those of soybeans with other alleles. Although DTF of the soybeans was highly correlated with all climatic conditions [negative: precipitation, average temperature (AVT), accumulated temperature; positive: day-length (DL)], days to maturity and 100-seed weight of the soybeans showed no significant correlation with any climatic conditions. The soybeans with a dominant Dt1 allele, except 'Tawonkong', had the longest stem length (STL). Moreover, STL of the soybeans grown in the test fields showed a positive correlation with only DL; however, the results of our chamber test that was conducted to complement the field tests showed that STL of soybean was positively affected by AVT and DL. Although soybean yield (YLD) showed positive correlations with latitude and DL (except L62-667, OT89-5, and OT89-6), the response of YLD to the climatic conditions was cultivar-specific. Our results show that DTF and STL of soybeans grown in six different latitudes are highly affected by DL, and AVT and genetic characteristic also affect DTF and STL.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a representative traditional herbal medicine with many different pharmacological properties including anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities. Only a few studies have explored the molecular mechanism of KRG-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: We investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the protopanaxadiol saponin fraction (PPD-SF) of KRG using in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. Results: PPD-SF dose-dependently diminished the release of inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$], and downregulated the mRNA expression of their corresponding genes (inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and cyclooxygenase-2), without altering cell viability. The PPD-SF-mediated suppression of these events appeared to be regulated by a blockade of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which are linked to the activation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3). Moreover, this fraction also ameliorated HCl/ethanol/-induced gastritis via suppression of phospho-JNK2 levels. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of PPD-SF could be mediated by a reduction in the activation of p38-, JNK2-, and TANK-binding-kinase-1-linked pathways and their corresponding transcription factors (ATF2 and IRF3).

• 폴리머
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2009

본 연구는 신경손상 모델에서 신경재생을 유도하는 슈반세포(SC)의 배양에 케라틴이 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 실험으로써, 친수성 아미노산으로 구성된 케라틴과 PLGA를 혼합하여 케라틴/PLGA 필름을 0, 10, 20, 그리고 50 wt%가 되도록 제조하여, 케라틴 안에 존재하는 다양한 단백질 및 신호전달물질이 슈반세포의 증식, 부착형태 그리고 표현형 유지에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 세포의 배양 방법은 손쉽고 순수한 세포 분리가 가능한 Morrissey의 방법을 이용하였고 필름의 젖음성 확인을 위하여 접촉각 측정을 실시하였으며, 정해진 시간에 세포를 계수하여 케라틴 함량에 따른 세포 성장차이를 비교하였다. 케라틴/PLGA 필름에서의 세포의 부착 거동 및 세포 형태를 SEM을 통하여 확인하였고 슈반세포의 표현형 유지를 확인하기 위해 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 다른 함유량과 비교 시 케라틴 10 또는 20 wt%가 함유된 케라틴/PLGA 필름이 SC 성장 및 표현형 유지에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.731-735
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• 2015

The effects of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the yield and nutrient supply of green manure crops, such as hairy vetch alone and hairy vetch + rye mixture, were investigated. We used three treatments: no-fertilizer (NF); LPM, $4.0t10a^{-1}$ ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0.024-4.0kg10a^{-1}$); and chemical fertilizer (CF; $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0-4.0kg10a^{-1}$). The green manure crops, namely, Vicia villosa Roth. (hairy vetch) and Secale cereale L. (rye). were sown on March 11 and harvested on June 24, 2014. Yield of green manure crops significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with the hairy vetch alone plot. In hairy vetch alone plot, yield of green manure crops was increased by application of LPM and CF, but there were no significant differences. Yield of green manure crops in hairy vetch + rye fresh mixture plot significantly increased by the LPM and CF treatments, but no difference was noted between the LPM and CF treatments. Nitrogen supply by the green manure crops was higher in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot than hairy vetch alone plot. However, there was no significant difference. Phosphorus and potassium supply significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with hairy vetch alone plot. By treating LPM and CF, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply were higher than those in no fertilizer. In conclusion, LPM could replace CF. When planting green manure crops, the hairy vetch + rye mixture was more effective than hairy vetch alone to effectively use green manure crops.