• 제목/요약/키워드: NBS1

검색결과 96건 처리시간 0.024초

Isolation of an Rx homolog from C. annuum and the evolution of Rx genes in the Solanaceae family

  • Shi, Jinxia;Yeom, Seon-In;Kang, Won-Hee;Park, Min-Kyu;Choi, Do-Il;Kwon, Jin-Kyung;Han, Jung-Heon;Lee, Heung-Ryul;Kim, Byung-Dong;Kang, Byoung-Cheorl
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.331-344
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    • 2011
  • The well-conserved NBS domain of resistance (R) genes cloned from many plants allows the use of a PCR-based approach to isolate resistance gene analogs (RGAs). In this study, we isolated an RGA (CapRGC) from Capsicum annuum "CM334" using a PCR-based approach. This sequence encodes a protein with very high similarity to Rx genes, the Potato Virus X (PVX) R genes from potato. An evolutionary analysis of the CapRGC gene and its homologs retrieved by an extensive search of a Solanaceae database provided evidence that Rx-like genes (eight ESTs or genes that show very high similarity to Rx) appear to have diverged from R1 [an NBS-LRR R gene against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) from potato]-like genes. Structural comparison of the NBS domains of all the homologs in Solanaceae revealed that one novel motif, 14, is specific to the Rx-like genes, and also indicated that several other novel motifs are characteristic of the R1-like genes. Our results suggest that Rx-like genes are ancient but conserved. Furthermore, the novel conserved motifs can provide a basis for biochemical structural. function analysis and be used for degenerate primer design for the isolation of Rx-like sequences in other plant species. Comparative mapping study revealed that the position of CapRGC is syntenic to the locations of Rx and its homolog genes in the potato and tomato, but cosegregation analysis showed that CapRGC may not be the R gene against PVX in pepper. Our results confirm previous observations that the specificity of R genes is not conserved, while the structure and function of R genes are conserved. It appears that CapRGC may function as a resistance gene to another pathogen, such as the nematode to which the structure of CapRGC is most similar.

감마선과 Methyl Bromide 처리가 녹두의 살충 및 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향 (Comparative Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Methyl Bromide Fumigation on Disinfestation and Physicochemical Properties of Mung Bean)

  • 노미정;권중호;권용정;허은엽;권용순;변명우
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.444-449
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    • 2001
  • 녹두의 가해해충 살충방법을 연구할 목적으로 현행 검역해중 살충방법인 methyl bromide(MeBr) 훈증처리와 감마선 조사에 의한 살충효과와 몇 가지 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 국내산 녹두의 가해해충은 팥바구미(Calloso-bruchus chinensis Linne)로 확인되었으며, 살충처리 후 5일째에 MeBr 처리는 완전한 살충효과를 보였다. 같은 시기에 3 kGy 이상의 감마선 조사는 유충에 대하여 완전한 살충효과를 보였고, 2 kGy 조사구에서도 약 90%의 살충률을 나타내었다. 그리고 녹두의 성충은 유충에 비해 방사선 감수성이 큰 것으로 나타나 처리 후 10~15일 경에 두 충태 모두 1 kGy 조사구에서도 100%의 누적살충률을 보였다. 살충조건에서 녹두의 이화학적 품질특성을 비교해 본 결과, 질소용해도, TBA가, 총아미노산 및 지방산 조성과 함량은 25 kGy 조사구 및 MeBr 처리구에서 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 녹두의 기계적 색도는 MeBr 훈증처리에 의해 명도의 감소와 적색도 및 황색도의 증가로 전반적인 색차(${\Delta}E$)에서 느끼는 정도(NBS 2.61~2.94)의 색 변화를 가져왔다.

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열이온화질량분석기를 이용한 암석표준시료에 대한 납 동위원소 분석 (Lead isotope measurement of geological reference materials using thermal ionization mass spectrometry)

  • 이효민;조희제;김태훈
    • 분석과학
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2020
  • 납은 암석의 연대측정, 지각의 진화 및 오염원의 기원 추적과 같은 지구화학적 연구에 유용하게 사용되어지는 원소로, 이를 위해선 고순도 원소 분리가 선행되어져야한다. 본 연구에서는 납을 분리해 내는데 있어서 용리액의 농도가 6M HCl 과 8M HCl 중 어느 것이 더 효율적인지 비교 검토 하였다. 그 결과, 6M HCl의 경우 8M HCl 보다 용리액을 다량으로 사용했음에도 불구하고 납 분리에 있어서는 효율적이지 않았다. 그리고 납 분리법에 대한 신뢰성 검증을 위하여 납 동위원소 표준물질(NIST NBS981)과 암석표준시료(BCR-2, GSP-2, JG-1a)의 납 동위원소비를 열이온화질량분석기로 측정한 결과, 기존 보고 값과 오차 범위 내에서 잘 일치하였다.

HeNB-Aided Virtual-Handover for Range Expansion in LTE Femtocell Networks

  • Tang, Hao;Hong, Peilin;Xue, Kaiping
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.312-320
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    • 2013
  • Home evolved Node-B (HeNB), also called a femtocell or a femto base station, is introduced to provide high data rate to indoor users. However, two main problems arise in femtocell networks: (1) Small coverage area of HeNB, which results in limited cell-splitting gain and ping-pong handover (HO) problems and (2) high inter-femtocell interference because HeNBs may be densely deployed in a small region. In this study, an efficient cooperation mechanism called an HeNB-aided virtual-HO (HaVHO) scheme is proposed to expand the coverage area of femtocells and to reduce inter-femtocell interference. The cooperation among neighbor HeNBs is exploited in HaVHO by enabling an HeNB to relay the data of its neighbor HeNB without an HO. The HaVHO procedure is compatible with the existing long term evolution specification, and the information exchange overhead in HaVHO is relatively low. To estimate the signal to interference plus noise ratio improvement, the area average channel state metric is proposed, and the amount of user throughput enhancement by HaVHO is derived. System-level simulation shows that HaVHO has a better performance than the other four schemes, such as lesser radio link failure, lesser ping-pong handover, lesser short-stay handover, and higher user throughput.

Effects of multi-layered active layers on solution-processed InZnO TFTs

  • Choi, Won Seok;Jung, Byung Jun;Kwon, Myoung Seok
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.204.1-204.1
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    • 2015
  • We studied the electrical properties and gate bias stress (GBS) stability of thin film transistors (TFTs) with multi-stacked InZnO layers. The InZnO TFTs were fabricated via solution process and the In:Zn molar ratio was 1:1. As the number of InZnO layers was increased, the mobility and the subthreshold swing (S.S) were improved, and the threshold voltage of TFT was reduced. The TFT with three-layered InZnO showed high mobility of $21.2cm^2/Vs$ and S.S of 0.54 V/decade compared the single-layered InZnO TFT with $4.6cm^2/Vs$ and 0.71 V/decade. The three-layered InZnO TFTs were relatively unstable under negative bias stress (NBS), but showed good stability under positive bias stress (PBS).

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A Facile Synthetic Method of 2-Oxaxolidinones and 1,3-Oxazine-2-ones, Essential Moieties of New Antiulcer Agent

  • Park, Min-Soo;Lee, Jae-Won
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.158-160
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    • 1993
  • 2-Oxazolidinones and 1,3-oxazine-2-ones, key moieties of new antiulcer agents, were prepared successfully by treating corresponding hydroxyamide with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and silveracetate in acetonitrile. From the fact that the methods for the preparation of hydoxy amides are versatile and such amides could be converted to the corresponding 2-oxazolid-iones and 1,3-oxazine-2-one under our reaction condition, we think that our method is very practical one for the preparation of such compounds. In addition, the above synthetic example affords a good evidence of the synthetic applicability of our improved Hofmann rearrangement.

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다른 특성을 가지는 도재가 반복소성에 따라 색조변화에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Repeated Firing on the Color Difference of a Metal-Ceramic System with Different Porcelain Powder)

  • 황재선
    • 대한치과기공학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.23-36
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    • 2009
  • The goal of esthetic restoration is to achieve morphologic, optical, and biologic acceptance. Creation of a natural looking ceramic restoration, which blends harmoniously with surrounding dentition, is not always achieved. A successful color match is an important aspect of any esthetic dental restoration. Since natural enamel has inherent translucency, it is important that ceramic restorations reproduce the translucency and color of the natural teeth. However, the final color match of porcelain crowns to adjacent natural dentition remains some problem. Difficulties related to color matching arise from the structural differences that exist between metal ceramic crowns and natural teeth, the limited range of available ceramic shades, inadequate shade guides, different types of metal alloys, repeated firing, the condensation technique, and varying compositions of ceramic materials. Many factors contribute to the esthetic success of dental restoration: optical properties such as color and its elements of hue, value, and chroma; translucency and opacity; light transmission and scattering; and metamerism and fluorescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the color changes of metal-ceramic system with different veneering porcelain powder after repeated firing. The objectives of this in vitro study were to measure the lightness($L^*$), chromaticity($a^*$), chromaticity($b^*$), chroma($C^*$), hue(h), reflectance(%), color difference(${\Delta}E$). The following conclusions were obtained: 1. An increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease in lightness($L^*$) but increase in chromacticity($a^*$) with all porcelain. After the second sintering resulted in decrease in chromacticity($b^*$) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain but in increase with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. And after the second sintering resulted in decrease in chroma($C^*$) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain, but on the whole side in decrease with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. 2. After the second firing, a increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease reflectance(%) in all wavelength. 3. There were noticeable color differences(${\Delta}E$) between first sintering and multiple firings(dentin porcelain: 5.29~8.15, opaque-dentin porcelain: 4.83~8.2, enamel porcelain: 8.93~13.15, translucency porcelain: 9.37~12.91), but the color difference(${\Delta}E$) after second sintering were down to 4.87 in all porcelain. 4. Given the NBS Criteria, a 'trace' was not found this study but a 'slight' was found 2-3, 3-5 in dentin porcelain, 2-3 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 3-5, 5-10 in enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain, a 'noticeable' was 2-5, 3-10, 5-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-3, 2-5, 3-10 in enamel porcelain 2-3, 3-10 in translucency porcelain, an 'appreciable' was 1-2, 1-3, 2-10 in dentin porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 2-10, 3-10 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-10 in enamel porcelain, 2-5, 2-10 in translucency porcelain, a 'much' was 1-5, 1-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 1-2, 1-3, 1-5 in enamel porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 1-5, 1-10 in translucency porcelain, a 'very much' was 1-10 in enamel porcelain.

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Duarte Variant/Classical Galactosemia (D/G) Heterozygote으로 진단된 일란성 쌍둥이 1례 (A Twin diagnosed with Duarte Variant/Classical (D/G) Galactosemia)

  • 구교연;이철호;양정윤;이진성
    • 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.58-63
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    • 2012
  • 고전적 갈락토오스혈증(classical galactosemia; OMIM #230400)은 상염색체 열성 유전의 갈락토오스 대사장애로, 9번 염색체에 위치하는 GALT 유전자(OMIM *606999)로부터 전사되는 galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT; E.C.2.7.7.12)의 심각한 결손으로 인해 유발되는 질환이다. GALT의 결함은 galactose-1-phosphate의 체내 축적을 일으켜, 신생아 시기부터 구토, 수유 곤란, 황달, 복수, 경련 발작, 기면 상태 등의 증상을 유발하고, 장기적으로는 백내장, 성장지연, 지능저하를 초래한다. 반면 Duarte형 갈락토오스혈증은 적혈구에서의 GALT 효소 활성도가 감소되어 있어 혈중 galactose와 galactose-1-phosphate의 농도가 증가하지만 임상적으로는 거의 증상을 보이지 않는 아형이다. 최근 신생아 선별검사의 발달과 함께, 무증상의 양성 판정 환아들이 늘고 있으며, 이들 환아들이 Duarte형 갈락토오스혈증일 가능성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 국내에서 그 동안 드물게 보고되었던 N314D와 -119_-116delGT CA/E363K이형접합체의 Duarte형 갈락토오스혈증 일란성 쌍둥이 1례를 보고하고자 한다.

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Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry법에 의한 식물체 중 극미량 셀렌의 분석 (Determination of Traces of Selenium in Plant Materials by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry)

  • 문동철;홍성화;박만기;김중기;이광우
    • 약학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.144-151
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    • 1985
  • Cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of traces of selenium in plant samples was studied. Stripping peak of selenium (IV) from Cu-Se intermettalic deposit in acidic media containing copper (II) ion is specific, highly sensitive and well defined, is successfully used for the quantitative determination of selenuin down to the level of 1ng/ml. Sample is burnt in a calorimeter bomb under the oxygen pressure of 40atm. and the selenium is absorbed in 0.1M NaOH. After the solution is filtrated, concentrated and acidified with HCl, then passed through a column of cation exchange resin in the $H^{+}$ form(Dowex 50X-8). The column eluate is analyzed for selenium by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetric method. Analytical results of selenium for NBS SMR is well agreement with the certified values. Results are given for a series of plant materials.

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Anomalous Stress-Induced Hump Effects in Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide TFTs

  • Kim, Yu-Mi;Jeong, Kwang-Seok;Yun, Ho-Jin;Yang, Seung-Dong;Lee, Sang-Youl;Lee, Hi-Deok;Lee, Ga-Won
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.47-49
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, we investigated the anomalous hump in the bottom gate staggered a-IGZO TFTs. During the positive bias stress, a positive threshold voltage shift was observed in the transfer curve and an anomalous hump occurred as the stress time increased. The hump became more serious in higher gate bias stress while it was not observed under the negative bias stress. The analysis of constant gate bias stress indicated that the anomalous hump was influenced by the migration of positively charged mobile interstitial zinc ion towards the top side of the a-IGZO channel layer.