• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

The demand on the underwater communications is extremely increasing in searching for underwater resources, marine expedition, or environmental researches, yet there are many problems with the wireless communications because of the characteristics of the underwater environments. Especially, with the underwater wireless networks, there happen inevitable delay time and spacial inequality due to the distances between the nodes. To solve these problems, this paper suggests a new solution based on ALOHA-Q. The suggested method use random NAV value. and Environments take reward through communications success or fail. After then, The environments setting NAV value from reward. This model minimizes usage of energy and computing resources under the underwater wireless networks, and learns and setting NAV values through intense learning. The results of the simulations show that NAV values can be environmentally adopted and select best value to the circumstances, so the problems which are unnecessary delay times and spacial inequality can be solved. Result of simulations, NAV time decreasing 17.5% compared with original NAV.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

The research on an E-Navigation(E-Nav) strategy development has recently carried out by the IMO sub-committee on safety of navigation(NAV). The design of communication system architecture is a key factor in the E-Nav strategy development and it may drive the direction of a national R&D project on future navigational and marine communication systems. This study aims at designing a standard model of E-Nav communication network architecture, which enhances navigational safety and provides additional benefits in marine transportation. To achieve this purpose, authors have suggested E-Nav services, which are divided into five categories, i.e., safety and security, maritime meteorology, distress, business, and infotainment, by analyzing the related user requirements. As results, this paper proposes the E-Nav communication network architecture that consists of the navigation and communication equipments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.339-340
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 사용자의 다양한 물리적 속성 중 부드러운 헤비사이드 계단 함수와 다양한 물리적 속성(속도, 시점 등)을 활용하여 가중치 맵을 계산하고 이로부터 논플레이어 캐릭터(Non-player character, NPC)의 경로를 효율적으로 제어할 수 있는 NavMesh 제어 기법을 제시한다. 게임과 같은 가상환경에서 NPC는 일반적으로 네비게이션 메쉬(Navigation mesh, NavMesh)를 이용하여 이동한다. 하지만, NavMesh는 정적인 형태이기 때문에 사용자에 의해 디자인되어야 하고, 이러한 문제를 완화하고자 자동으로 NavMesh를 업데이트하는 기술이 연구되고 있지만, 메쉬 복원을 자동화할 뿐 실제 NPC 행동 제어라고 하기에는 힘든 접근법이다. 본 논문에서는 동적 네비게이션 프레임워크를 유지한 채, 사용자의 시점과 물리적 특성을 통해 NPC를 효율적이고 정확하게 경로 제어할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고, NavMesh의 형태에만 의존하던 NPC의 움직임을 완화하여 좀 더 사실적인 경로 제어를 보여준다.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2024

Objectives: The pulp is the center of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. The condition in which the pulp becomes inflamed due to caries or periodontitis is called pulpitis. Pulpitis is a difficult-to-treat disease and causes peripheral nerve tissue changes and severe pain; however, the relationship between neuronal activity and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) during pulpitis has not been well studied. In this study, we found that experimentally induced pulpitis activates Nav1.7 expression in the periphery, leading to neuronal overexpression in the TG. Thus, we sought to identify ways to regulate this process. Methods: Acute pulpitis was induced in rat maxillary molars by treating the pulp with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Three days later, in vivo optical imaging was used to record and compare neural activities in the TG. Western blotting was used to identify molecular changes in terms of the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Fos, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) in the brain stem. Results: The results confirmed the neurological changes in the TGs of the pulpitis model, and histological and molecular biological evidence confirmed that increased Nav1.7 expression induced by pulpitis leads to pain. Furthermore, selective inhibition of Nav1.7 resulted in changes in neural activity, suggesting that pulpitis induces increased Nav1.7 expression, and that effective control of Nav1.7 could potentially reduce pain. Conclusions: The inhibition of overexpressed Nav1.7 channels may modulate nociceptive signal processing in the brain and effectively control pain associated with pulpitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.523-525
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• 2004

무선 단말은 제한된 배터리로 동작하는 특성을 가지기 때문에 에너지 효율성은 중요한 과제로 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11 MAC 프로토콜의 Network Allocation Vector(NAV)에 기반한 전력관리기법을 제안한다. NAV는 매체점유시간에 대한 정보를 제공하기 때문에 WNIC가 저 전력 모드로 동작할 수 있는 지표가 된다. 또한 Throughput과 WNIC의 상태 전이에 요구되는 오버헤드를 정량적으로 고려함으로써 에너지 효율성을 극대화한다. 제안된 기법은 ns-2를 이용하여 성능 분석하였고, 일정한 전송률을 보이는 응용에서 성능향상을 보임을 알 수 있다.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.110-119
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• 2018

Background and Purpose: To analyze $^{18}F-THK5351$ positron emission tomography (PET) scans of patients with clinically diagnosed nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (navPPA). Methods: Thirty-one participants, including those with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=13), navPPA (n=3), and those with normal control (NC, n=15) who completed 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging, $^{18}F-THK5351$ PET scans, and detailed neuropsychological tests, were included. Voxel-based and region of interest (ROI)-based analyses were performed to evaluate retention of $^{18}F-THK5351$ in navPPA patients. Results: In ROI-based analysis, patients with navPPA had higher levels of THK retention in the Broca's area, bilateral inferior frontal lobes, bilateral precentral gyri, and bilateral basal ganglia. Patients with navPPA showed higher levels of THK retention in bilateral frontal lobes (mainly left side) compared than NC in voxel-wise analysis. Conclusions: In our study, THK retention in navPPA patients was mainly distributed at the frontal region which was well correlated with functional-radiological distribution of navPPA. Our results suggest that tau PET imaging could be a supportive tool for diagnosis of navPPA in combination with a clinical history.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.303-305
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• 2015

권역별로 구축된 항로표지 통합관리시스템을 통합할 전국센터를 정의하고 e-Nav환경을 대비한 센터의 역할과 지방권역과의 역할을 정의하고 중점 고려사항과 추진전략을 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.122-124
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• 2018

e-Nav시대를 맞이하여 국립해양측위정보원이 무엇을 준비하고 어떻게 준비하여 새로운 업무 분야를 개척하고 더 나아가 해양안전정보의 중추적 역할을수행하기 위한 신규 업무 발굴에 본연구의 목적이 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.121-123
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• 2015

해사안전과 해양환경 보호를 위해 국제해사기구가 추진하고 있는 e-Navigation 정보의 종류는 해상교통 정보, 수로도서지 정보, 동적해역 정보 등 다양하며, 국제해사기구가 e-Nav 정보 표준 개발에 S-100 표준을 적용하기로 결정함에 따라 일관된 기준에 따른 e-Nav DB 구축이 요구되고 있다. S-100 표준에는 DB 구축 지침 문서인 DCEG(Data Classification Encoding Guide) 양식을 정의한 바 있는데 본 문서는 타 표준 문서와 일관성있게 작성되어야 하나, S-100 표준 개발과정에서 휴먼 에러나 오류에 문제점이 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위하여 S-100 기반 e-Nav DB 구축문서 지원을 위한 S/W 개발 방안에 대해 연구 하였는데, S-100 표준 체계에서 등록소의 FCD와 피쳐 카탈로그 DB가 운영된다는 점에 착안하여, 피쳐 카탈로그 DB와 연계할 수 있는 DCEG DB과 DCEG Editor 개발방안을 제안 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방안은 향후 일관적인 e-Navigation DB 구축에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the information effect about the pricing using the ETF price, the benchmark index, and the total tracking error between the ETF price and the benchmark index on the index ETF market and sector ETF markets. Furthermore, the total tracking error is distinguished between the market tracking error and the NAV tracking error. Summary of this study are as follows: First, While KODEX200 don't have impact factors on the price, the most sectors of ETF have the factors affecting the pricing decision. They are the day before the total tracking error or market tracking error. Second, for the ETF price of the most industry, we find that the day before the market tracking error have the price discovery function because it is a negative(-) coefficients. But NAV tracking error could not find such a feature. Finally, the sector ETF price of energy chemical, construction, IT, and semiconductor industries affected of the day before positive(+) impact by the benchmark index price.