• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2002년도 가을학술발표대회 디자인학 연구
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• pp.128-129
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• 2002

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.687-691
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• 2010

Workload assessment is one of the important elements of the human factors evaluation for the nuclear power plants in operation. This paper describes a further study upon the additional elements of the workload which elements should be considered in the subjective workload assessment. We have tried to predict the burden of the work and to improve the work through a comparison of the objective workload and the subjective workload in the previous studies in nuclear power plants. However, there is a restriction to perform a precise assessment because of the limitations of the method itself. The objective workload assessment is performed by relative comparison using the quadrant analysis with objective workload and subjective workload because there were no clear criteria of objective workload assessment. And the subjective workload assessment is performed by NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index) which includes six evaluation dimensions of subjective workload. NASA-TLX is difficult to grasp the other aspects that could influence on the subjective workload because the analysis relies on predetermined assessment items. We conduct a factor analysis between the factors that affect the workload and the assessment adopted from ISO 10075 and NASA-TLX. At the same time, this study suggests other evaluation elements which can be added for subjective workload assessment except for evaluation elements of NASA-TLX.

• 산업공학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.145-154
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• 1997

In developing the HMI(Human-Machine Interface) evaluation system for the IVNS(In-Vehicle Navigation System), design guidelines and evaluation methods are the most crucial problems for its use and efficiency. As the part of this system, focused on the final product of the database, subjective mental workload assessment is seriously considered to evaluate the driver's own driving task using the IVNS. This paper suggests the methodology for the ergonomic assessment of the IVNS that corresponds to the subjective measurement of the driver's mental workload by rating his or her own driving task. For this approach, Revision of NASA-Task Load Index(RNASA-TLX) was developed which translated and revised the version of NASA-TLX that is generally accepted an efficient and powerful method for evaluating the in-vehicle information systems. To verify the RNASA-TLX, an experiment was conducted in a real road situation, because the result of the laboratory approach is uncertain and has the differences from the real road test.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2001

교통시스템 및 차량의 인간-기계 상호작용 및 인간공학적 평가에 널리 사용되는 운전자의 시각행위분석, 생체신호측정(심박수, 호흡수, 뇌파, 피부전기반사 등), 부가작업의 수행도분석, 반응시간 분석, 차량조작변수 분석(속도, 핸들조작, 가속페달조작) 등의 방법들과 함께 운전자 판단에 의한 주관적평가(Subjective Mental Workload Assessment)는 기존 시스템의 평가뿐만 아니라, ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems) 기반 인간-기계 시스템(항법장치, Head-UP Display, AHS Flat Panel Display, Changeable Message Sign, Cellular Phone, 등)의 인간-기계 상호작용 평가, 안전도 평가, 경쟁시스템 및 디자인 대안의 의사결정, 설계가이드라인 제작 등을 위한 하나의 표준화된 평가도구로 자리 잡고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가장 많은 적용빈도와 효과 및 감도를 제시하는 주관적 평가방법인 NASA-TLX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index), SWAT(Subjective Workload Assessment Technique), MCH(Modified Cooper-Harper) scale, RNASA-TLX(Revision of NASA-TLX)를 대상으로 항법 장치를 사용한 운전자 부하 비교평가 실험결과를 이용하여, 제시된 방법들의 감도 및 피 실험자의 주관적 판단을 통한 상호 비교분석을 실시하였으며, 결과로 위에 제시된 방법들의 사용가이드라인과 ITS 기반 인간-기계 시스템의 인간공학적 평가를 위한 주관적 평가방법의 비교평가결과를 제시하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.251-253
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• 2014

본 연구는 시뮬레이터에서의 mental workload 측정 및 평가를 위한 기초연구로서 실선과 시뮬레이터에서의 항해사 생체신호 변화를 비교하고자 한다.ECG, PVT, NASA-TLX를 이용하여 정신적 작업부하를 평가하였다. 운항구간은 부산항 입항과 출항으로 하였다. ECG와 NASA-TLX 분석 결과, 실선과 시뮬레이터 간에 유사한 경향을 보였다. 추후 동일한 상황에 대한 누적된 데이터 및 다양한 피실험자를 대상으로 실험을 수행하여야 할 것이다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시뮬레이터를 활용한 다양한 환경에서의 workload 실험이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2006

Human factors still plays a significant role in railway accidents. The accidents often resulted from multiple causes of hardware failures and human errors. So to ensure the safety of railway operations, human error should be effectively prevented and managed. Among several factors influencing human performance, task load (or task complexity) is well known as a major contributor to human error. In order to reduce the potential of human error, a systematic analysis should be undertaken to evaluate task load and to reduce it by modifying task process and/or education&training. In this paper, we proposed a systematic framework for railway industry to perform task analysis and to evaluate task load, and applied it to KTX operational tasks. According to the application study, we identified 14 generic task types of KTX operation. And also this paper shows the quantitative task load of those generic tasks which were analyzed by NASA-TLX method.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the operator performance relating to hand switches with two or three buttons in the main control rooms of nuclear power plants. Based on the comparative analysis of the nuclear power plants, two different subjective workload-rating scales were used to evaluate the performance of 48 operators: the Overall Workload(OW) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX). The survey questions consisting of the eight-items were asked to evaluate the operating experiences for the two different switch types. The OW scales ratings were applied to measure the workload of the switch-related tasks. The ratings revealed that signal detection tasks caused less workload in the three-buttoned-switch operators than the other switch group. However, in the switch operation tasks, the switch types did not show statistically significant effects on workload level. The NASA TLX scale ratings were performed based on detailed task scenarios that assumed the accident of small break loss of coolant, what we call, the small LOCH. The NASA TLX was administered to three different task groups: the reactor, the turbine, and the electric operator groups. Based on the NASA TLX, the two-buttoned switch groups showed higher workload than those with the three-buttoned switches. However, a statistically significant difference was found only in the reactor operator groups. When the current switch type was assumed to be changed for the other type, all of the three-buttoned switch groups were predicted to have higher workload than the other switch groups, respectively. The implications of these findings were discussed.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.545-556
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• 2017

운전자 작업부하를 평가하기 위해 다양한 평가지표가 개발되어 활용되고 있으나, 기존의 작업부하 평가지표의 경우 개별 운전자의 운전습관과 주행패턴을 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 또한, 운전자마다 체감하는 작업부하량과 작업부하를 극복하는 능력은 개인차가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 개별 운전자의 주행패턴을 반영한 새로운 작업부하 평가지표를 도출하였다. 개별 운전자의 주행패턴을 반영하기 위해 운전자 별 Steering Velocity 절대값의 평균을 임계값으로 설정하고 임계값을 초과하는 영역의 Steering Velocity 면적의 합을 계량화한 ESA (Erratic Steering Velocity Area)를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 주행 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해 자율주행차가 비자율차와 혼재되어 주행하는 군집주행 환경을 구축하여 비자율차의 운전자가 군집주행 환경에서 어떠한 영향을 받는지를 ESA를 활용하여 평가하였다. 주행 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해 군집유무에 따른 일반 비자율차 운전자의 반응행태자료를 추출하여 NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) 점수와 운전자 작업부하 평가지표간의 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 차로변경 시나리오에서는 다양한 운전자 작업부하 평가지표 중 ESA가 NASA-TLX 점수와 상관관계가 가장 큰 것으로 나타나 ESA의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.281-302
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• 2017

본 연구는 두 집단간에 복잡한 정보검색임무를 수행하는 동안 이용자의 정신상태의 차이점을 살펴보고자 하였다. 실험과 질문지를 통해서 데이터를 수집하고 분석하였고, 그 결과 정신적요구를 받은 참여자들이 안받은 참여자들보다 검색 중 생각을 더 많이 한 것으로 보이고, 부정적인 감정표현을 더 자주 한 것으로 보이고, 노력을 덜 한 것으로 보이며, 검색수행능력이 훼방을 받은 것으로 드러났다. NASA-TLX의 검사결과는 정신적요구, 수행능력, 좌절감에서 주요한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 인터페이스 디자인이나 정보검색 시스템등의 개발에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to confirm the impact of noise on subject accomplishment as well as physical/mental load, and evaluates the effects of noise-masking and earplug. 15 college students participate in the test, and the comparison is performed by executing four projects according to conditional categories of noise environments; control condition, noise condition, earplug condition, and noise-masking condition. Noise in the field site of the H manufacturer was used as the noise source, the general job aptitude test which consist of linguistic ability, math ability, perception ability, reasoning ability was used as the task of this project. To estimate physical/mental load evaluation, we used the heart rate R-R interval, Criteria flicker fusion frequency(CFF) and measured NASA-TLX workload for subjective evaluation. As the research outcome, it is shown that there is a meaningful difference for the project task score, dropping rate of CFF, the heart rate, and NASA-TLX subjective evaluation score according to conditions of noise environment. Therefore, the impact of noise on capability of subject accomplishment as well as physical/mental load was confirmed along with the effects of using earplug and noise-masking.