• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1992

This is a report of three cancer patients treated with the different methods of neck dissection considering the state of the each patient. 1. A 76-year old femals patient who showed $T2_N0_M0$ squamous cell carcinoma received the regional neck dissection with resection of primary lesion. The postoperative result was uneventful without recurrence for 3.6 years. 2. A 52-year old male patient who was diagosed $_T3_N1_M0$ squamous cell carcinoma was treated with the bilateral neck dissection and radical resection of primary lesion. Metastasis was noticed on the right scapular area 8 months postoperatively. We treated him with radiation and chemotherapy, but he died 13 months postoperatively. 3. A 55-year old male patient who showed $_T2_N1_M0$ squamous cell cvarcinoma was treated with the classical neck dissection and the radical resection of primary lesion. The postoperative result was good with no recurrence for 4 years.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cervical stretching program on neck pain, fatigue and range of motion caused by overuse of smartphone. Methods: We treated stretching program to measure the pain, fatigue, and range of motion of the neck before and after cervical stretching program for experiment group (n=25), control group(n=27) nursing college students using the smartphone. The general characteristics of the subjects and the range of neck pain, fatigue, and cervical range of motion were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the cervical stretching program for neck pain, fatigue, and range of motion of the neck were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: After cervical stretching program, the pain of the neck(t=2.86, p=.006), fatigue(t=5.44, p<.001). flexion(t=-2.10, p=.041), extension(t=-2.84, p=.006), right lateral flexion(t=-2.4, p=.047), left lateral flexion(t=-2.05, p=0.46) and right rotation(t=-4.48, p<.001), left rotation(t=-3.38, p=.001) range of rotation were improved. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a cervical stretching program can be used as an effective intervention for health problems in musculoskeletal disorders due to smartphone overuse.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.799-805
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• 1999

Background: Leakage, stricture formation, and tumor recurrence at the anastomotic site are serious problems after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus or cardia. The prevalence of these postoperative complications may be affected by whether an anastomosis is made in the neck or in the chest, therefore a comparison was made between anastomoses made at these two sites. Material and Method: Between 1987 and 1998, 36 patients with cancer of the esophagus underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with cervical(NA, n=20) or thoracic anastomosis(CA, n=16). The tumors were staged postoperatively(stage IIA, n=13; s tage IIB, n=7; stage III, n=16) and were located in the middle thoracic(n=22) or lower thoracic esophagus and cardia(n=14). Result: The overall operative mortality was 8.3%(5% for NA group, 12.5% for CA group). The anastomotic leak rate for the NA group was 15.0% and 12.5% for the CA group. The anastomotic leak rate differed according to the manual(27.3%) or stapled(8.0%) techniques(p < 0.05). The median proximal resection margins in the NA and CA groups were 9.6 cm and 5.8 cm, and the corresponding rates of anastomotic tumor recurrence were 5.3% and 28.6%(p < 0.05). The prevalence of benign stricture formation (defined as moderate/severe dysphagia) was higher in the NA group(36.8%) than in the CA group(21.4%). When an anastomosis was made by the stapled technique, smaller size of the staple increased the prevalence of stricture formation - 41.7% with 25-mm staple and 9.1% with 28-mm staple(p < 0.05). Conclusion: Wider resection margin could decrease the anastomotic tumor recurrence, and the stapled technique could decrease the anastomotic leak. The prevalence of benign stricture was higher in the cervical anastomosis but the anastomotic leak and smaller size(25-mm) of the staple should be considered as risk factors.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.339-352
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• 2008

Aims: The aims of this study were to identify the association between cervical muscle pain and TMD by pressure pain response, and to find cervical muscles showing moderate to severe pressure pain that are correlated with masticatory muscle pain. Methods: Patients(n=129, female 65.9%, mean age 28.8 years) answered a TMD questionnaire asking about headache, neck pain, emotional stress, sleep disturbance, parafunction habits, and pain intensity. A clinical examination of the masticatory system was performed. Of the neck muscles, (1) the upper sternocleidomastoid, (2) the middle sternocleidomastoid, (3) the upper trapezius, (4) the splenius capitis, (5) the semispinalis capitis, (6) the scalene medius, and (7) the levator scapulae muscles were examined by palpation. Pressure pain or tenderness of all palpation sites was scored from 0 to 3 according to the pain response. The variables of sum of pressure pain scores were calculated from pressure pain scores and were used for statistical analyses. Results: Eighty patients(62.0%) answered that they suffer from neck pain in the TMD questionnaire. More than 40% of sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius examination sites showed moderate to severe tenderness in the cervical muscles, and 36% of middle masseter in the masticatory muscles. For the 129 patients, the sum of cervical muscle pain scores(mean=12.88, SD=8.06) and the sum of TMD pain scores(mean=5.36, SD=5.10) were moderately correlated($\rho$ = 0.502, P < 0.001). The sum of TMD pain scores tends to increase as the sum of cervical muscle pain scores increases(Y = 0.395${\cdot}$X, $R^2$ = 0.659, P < 0.001). In the patients with masticatory muscle disorders, the sum of sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius pain scores(mean = 8.67, SD = 4.95) and the sum of temporalis and masseter pain scores(mean = 3.37, SD = 3.56) showed moderate correlation($\rho$ = 0.375, P < 0.001). Those two variables were in a proportionate relationship(Y = 0.359${\cdot}$X, $R^2$ = 0.538, P < 0.001). In a partial correlation analysis of the sum of unilateral pain scores, the sum of right cervical muscle pain scores and the sum of left cervical muscle pain scores showed the highest correlation(r = 0.802, P < 0.001). The sum of right TMD pain scores and the sum of left TMD pain scores were moderately correlated(r = 0.481, P < 0.001). For the twenty patients with unilateral TMD pain, the partial correlation coefficient between the sum of ipsilateral cervical muscle pain scores and the sum of contralateral cervical muscle pain scores was the largest(r = 0.597, P = 0.009). A partial correlation between the sum of primary TMD side pain scores and the sum of ipsilateral cervical muscle pain scores was 0.564(P = 0.015). Conclusions: TMD is associated with cervical muscle pain on condition of pressure pain response to palpation. Of the cervical muscles, sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius frequently exhibit moderate to severe pressure pain, and they are closely related to the masticatory muscle pain. The characteristic of symmetric involvement of pain is prominent in cervical muscles; however, TMD can affect the level of cervical muscle pain to modify its symmetric nature.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

Purpose : Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses are often distinguishable from other head and neck abscesses on clinical grounds, but these infections can combine and the presentations are similar to one another. Because of the advances of antibiotic therapy, the frequency of the diseases decreased considerably, but recently the incidence of neck abscesses has increased. We sought to describe the clinical presentation of patients with deep neck abscess, and implications on management. Methods : For 10 year periods, 94 cases of charts were reviewed retrospectively, who were diagnosed as neck abscesses aged below 16 years old(between January 1993 to August 2003) in 4 hospitals. Deep neck abscesses were diagnosed by surgical pus drainage, neck CT (homogenous, hypodense area with ring enhancement) and neck sono findings. Results : The annual incidence of deep neck abscess has been increased since 2000. The median age of the patients was 4 years(range, 26 days~15 years); 63% of the patients were younger than 5 years. Abscesses in the submandibular space(34%) were most common, followed by peritonsillar space(29.7%), retropharyngeal space(11.7%), combined(10.8%), parotid space(7.4%) and parapharyngeal space(6.4%). Fever(73.4%), sore throat(37.2%), decreased oral intake(34%) and neck pain(27.7%) were the most common symptoms. In 6 children(6.4%), there was refusal to move neck, in 6(6.4%) headache, and in 4(4.3%) torticollis. Respiratory distress was observed in only 1 patient(2.1%) and stridor in 1 other(2.1%). The most common physical examinations were neck swelling/mass(67%), pharyngitis(46.8%), tonsillitis(36.2 %), and cervical lymphadenopathy(28.7%). Neck stiffness was observed in 4 patients(4.3%). Total 35 organisms were isolated in 33 patients. The most common organisms cultured by patients' blood or pus were S. aureus(34%) and S. pyogenes(28.6%). Most organisms were gram positive, and had sensitivities in vancomycin(96.4%), cefotaxime(88.9%), cephalothin (86.4%), trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole(83.3%), and clindamycin(77.8%). 77 patients(81.9%) underwent surgery plus antibiotics; 17 patients(18.1%) were treated with antibiotics only. There is no significant differences between two groups. In duration of admission, fever after admission, and antibiotic treatment. Conclusion : The incidence of deep neck abscess has increased recently and the major symptoms have been changed. The incidence of respiratory distress or stridor is decreasing, while the incidence of abnormal head and neck symptoms and signs like headache, neck stiffness, refusal to move neck, or torticollis are increasing. Gram positive organisms are predominant, S. aureus is the most common followed by S. pyogenes. 1st generation cephalosporin has high sensitivity on gram positive organisms. Treatment with surgery plus antibiotics dose not significantly decrease total duration of antibiotic treatment or admission compared to treatment with antibiotics alone.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the surface morphology of the implant neck on marginal bone stress measured by using finite element analysis in six implant models. Materials and methods: The submerged type rescue implant system (Dentis co., Daegu, Korea) was selected as an experimental model. The implants were divided into six groups whose implant necks were differently designed in terms of height (h, 0.4 and 1.0 mm) and width (platform width, w = 3.34 + 2b [b, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mm]). Finite element models of implant/bone complex were created using an axisymmetric scheme. A load of 100 N was applied to the central node on the top of crown in parallel with the implant axis. The maximum compression stress was calculated and compared. Results: Stress concentration commonly observed around dental implants did not occur in the marginal bone around all six test implant models. Marginal bone stress varied according to the implant neck bevel which had different width and height. The stress was affected more markedly by the difference in height than in width. Conclusion: This result indicates that the implant neck bevel may play an important role in improving stress distribution in the marginal bone area.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1988

질소비료 3수준(0,350,700kg N-ha-1year-1) 및 예초간격 3수준( 10,20,30일 간격)하에서 이 요인들이 식물체 각부위(엽, 엽초를 포함한 차, 포복경 및 근)내, N,P,k,Ca,Mg 및 가용성 탄수화물함량에 여하히 영행을 미치는가게 대해서 1983년 6월부터 10일 까지 대전 배재대학실험포장에서 조성한지 3년 지난 한국잔디를 대상으로 실험하였던 바 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 질소 증시한 결과 식물체 각부위내 N함량은 증가하였다. 특히 N성분은 엽부위에 다량으로 집적 되어 있어 저장양분으로서의 역할을 하지못하는 것으로 사료되었다. 2. 질소비료에 대한 P성분의 반응은 식물체부위에 따라 변화가 심하게 나타났는데 엽부위로서는 P함량이 감소한 반면, 경 및 포복경에서는 예초간격이 30일에서 10일로 단축되었을 때 한하여 증가하는 양상 을 보였다. 3. K 함량은 질소를 증랭시용할때 엽과 경부위에 특히 많이 축적되었으며 근부위에서는 질소시용이 오히려 K함량을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하였다. 그러나 N과 K함량간에는 지상부위와 포복경에서 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 4. Ca 함량은 엽과 경부위에서 예초간격을 짧게 하였을때 질소시용에 따른 부의 반응을 보였다.5. Mg 함량은 질소나 예초간격에 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 6. 가용성 탄수화물함량은 질소시용량이 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 감소하였다. 그러나 예초간격의 영향은 경부위를 제외한 각부위에서 나타나지 않았다. 7. 영양성분에 대한 예초간격의 효과는 질소만큼 크지 않았으나 질소시용과 함께 나타난 유의적 변화는 부위별로 각각 다르게 표현되었다. 즉 N함량은 예초간격을 단축하였을 때 엽 및 경부위에서만 증가되었고 Ca 함량은 30일간격으로 연장할때만 증가되는 경향이었다. 한편 K 및 Mg함량은 예초간격에 의해 영향을 받지 않거나 변동이 심한 상황으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 2001

Background and Objectives: Supraglottic cancer have a great tendency to spread cervical lymph nodes and lymph node metastasis is a well known prognostic factor. However the treatment for N0 neck in supraglottic cancer is still controversial. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our neck management of supraglottic cancer patients who present with cN0 contralateral neck from 1989 through 1997. 36 patients were eligible for analysis. The primary site was surgically removed and the neck was managed by elective neck irradiation (ENI), elective neck dissection (END), or therapeutic neck dissection (TND) with postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). Results: Our results revealed that 18 of 36 patients have clinically negative neck, another 18 patients have clinically positive neck (N1-3). In clinically negative group, 12 of 18 patients were received ENI and there was 1 failure in contralateral neck area. Remaining 6 patients were received END with PORT and there was no failure. In clinically positive neck group, 3 of 18 patients were received ipsilateral TND and an additional contralateral END with PORT. Remaining 15 patients who were received TND with PORT, developed 3 neck failure. Conclusion: ENI or ipsilateral or bilateral END can be done in the cN0 neck of supraglottic cancer however ipsilateral TND and contralateral END with PORT is reasonable for the cN(+) neck.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

Purpose of present study is to investigate the effects of thread pitch in coronal portion in scalloped implant with 2 different connections on loading stress using 3 dimensional finite element analysis. Scalloped implant with 4 different thread pitches (0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6, and 0.7mm) in the coronal part was modeled with 2 different implant-abutment connections. Platform matching connection had the same implant and abutment diameter so that they were in flush contact at the periphery while platform mismatching connection had smaller abutment diameter than implant so that their connection was made away from periphery of implant-bone interface. Occlusal loading of 100N force was applied vertically and 30 degree obliquely to all 8 models and the maximum von Mises bone stress was identified. Loading stress as highly concentrated in cortical bone. Platform mismatching scalloped implant with small thread pitch (0.4mm) model had consistently lowest maximum von Mises bone stress in vertical and oblique loads. Platform matching model had lowest maximum von Mises bone stress with 0.6mm thread pitch in vertical load and with 0.4mm thread pitch in oblique load. Platform mismatching connection had important roles in reducing maximum von Mises bone stress. Scalloped implant with smaller coronal thread pitch showed trend of reducing maximum von Mises bone stress under load.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2862-2868
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neck pain and upper limb disability in patients with non-specific neck pain (n=132) recruited from physiotherapy departments in the Korea. Baseline neck pain/disability was measured using the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) and upper limb disability was measured using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, Hand questionnaire (DASH). A range of baseline psychosocial variables were measured as potential confounding variables. Pairwise analysis revealed a positive correlation between NPQ score and DASH score (Pearsons' r=0.628, p<0.05). This study provides preliminary evidence that patients with severe neck pain/disability also report severe upper limb disability. The presence of severe neck pain or low pain self efficacy and high fear-avoidence beliefs questionnaire should clinicians towards a careful examination of upper limb function in patients presenting with neck pain. Our data suggest the upper limb disability may need to be addressed as part of the neck management process.