A Study on Anastomotic Complications after Esophagectomy for Cancer of the Esophagus : A Comparison of Neck and Chest Anastomosis

식도암 수술후 문합부 합병증에 관한 연구 - 경부문합과 흉부문합 간의 비교-

  • 이형렬 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김진희 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 1999.09.01

Abstract

Background: Leakage, stricture formation, and tumor recurrence at the anastomotic site are serious problems after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus or cardia. The prevalence of these postoperative complications may be affected by whether an anastomosis is made in the neck or in the chest, therefore a comparison was made between anastomoses made at these two sites. Material and Method: Between 1987 and 1998, 36 patients with cancer of the esophagus underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with cervical(NA, n=20) or thoracic anastomosis(CA, n=16). The tumors were staged postoperatively(stage IIA, n=13; s tage IIB, n=7; stage III, n=16) and were located in the middle thoracic(n=22) or lower thoracic esophagus and cardia(n=14). Result: The overall operative mortality was 8.3%(5% for NA group, 12.5% for CA group). The anastomotic leak rate for the NA group was 15.0% and 12.5% for the CA group. The anastomotic leak rate differed according to the manual(27.3%) or stapled(8.0%) techniques(p < 0.05). The median proximal resection margins in the NA and CA groups were 9.6 cm and 5.8 cm, and the corresponding rates of anastomotic tumor recurrence were 5.3% and 28.6%(p < 0.05). The prevalence of benign stricture formation (defined as moderate/severe dysphagia) was higher in the NA group(36.8%) than in the CA group(21.4%). When an anastomosis was made by the stapled technique, smaller size of the staple increased the prevalence of stricture formation - 41.7% with 25-mm staple and 9.1% with 28-mm staple(p < 0.05). Conclusion: Wider resection margin could decrease the anastomotic tumor recurrence, and the stapled technique could decrease the anastomotic leak. The prevalence of benign stricture was higher in the cervical anastomosis but the anastomotic leak and smaller size(25-mm) of the staple should be considered as risk factors.

배경: 식도 및 분문부암에서 식도절제를 시행한 후 문합부에 생길 수 있는 중대한 합병증으로는 문합부 누출, 양성 협착, 그리고 종양재발 등을 들 수 있고 이러한 술후 합병증의 발생 빈도는 그 문합의 위치가 경부 또는 흉부 어디인가에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 문합의 위치에 따른 합병증을 서로 비교할 필요가 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1987년부터 1998년까지 식도암 근치술을 시행 받은 36명의 환자를 대상으로 흉부절개에 의한 식도절제 후 그 문합 위치에 따라 경부 문합군(NA군, 20명) 및 흉부 문합군(C군, 16명)으로 각각 구분하여 비교하였다. 식도암환자의 병기는 2A기 13명, 2B기 7명, 3기 16명으로 술후 각각 판정되었고, 종양의 위치별로는 중흉부에 22명, 하흉부 및 분문부에 14명이 각각 위치하였다. 결과: 전체 수술사망률은 8.3%(경부 문합군 5%, 흉부 문합군 12.5%)였다. 문합부 누출율은 경부 문합군 15.0%, 흉부 문합군 12.5%으로 문합위치에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 문합 방법상 수봉합(27.3%)과 staple봉합(8.0%)에 따른 차이는 있었다(p<0.05). 종양으로부터 근위부 절제연은 평균 9.6 cm(경부문합군) 및 5.8 cm(흉부문합군)였고, 문합부 종양 재발율은 5.3%(경부문합군) 및 28.6%(흉부문합군) (p<0.05)였다. 양성 협착률-중등도 이상의 연하장해로 정의함-은 흉부문합군(21.4%)에 비해 경부문합군 (36.8%)에서 보다 높게 나타났고, 특히 staple봉합법에 의한 문합시에는 staple의 크기가 작을수록 협착의 빈도는 높았다(25-mm staple에서 41.7%, 28-mm에서 9.1%) (p<0.05). 결론: 근위부 절제연을 크게 할수록 문합부의 종양 재발율을 줄일 수 있었고 staple봉합의 도입후 문합부 누출율은 크게 감소하였다. 양성 협착률은 경부 문합후 상대적으로 높았지만 작은(25-mm) sstaple이 사용과 술후 문합부 누출의 합병이 중등도 이상의 협착의 더욱 큰 위험 요소라고 사료된다.

Keywords

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