• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.276-283
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• 2005

Ascorbic acid is a great antioxidant and helps protect the body against pollutants. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPase) is a key enzyme in manufacturing GDP-mannose, a glycosyl donor for ascorbate and cell wall biosynthesis as well as for protein glycosylation. In this study, we described molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA from Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Jasim), using tuber. The cDNA isolated encoded a GDP-mannose pyrophosphrylase. The nucleotide sequence of pGMPC showed about 95%, 89% and 80% homology with S. tuberosum (AF022716), N. tabacum (AB066279) and A. thaliana (AF076484) cDNAs clone known as GMPase, respectively. We detected the expression of GMPase using RT-PCR. The highest expression of GMPase was found in stems, and the largest amount of ascorbic acid was also presented in stems. In contrast, the leaf showed minimal level of GMPase transcript and ascorbic acid content. We propose that GMPase expression patterns were similar to the changes of ascorbic acid content in the leaves treated with diverse stresses.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.286-294
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• 2023

Biological and molecular characterization of a Korean isolate of Orthotospovirus chrysanthinecrocaulis (formerly known as chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus, CSNV) isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium was determined using host range and sequence analysis in this study. Twenty-three species of indicator plants inoculated mechanically CSNV-Kr was investigated for determination of host range. CSNV-Kr induced various local and systemic symptoms in the inoculated plant species. CSNV-Kr could not infect three plant species and induced symptomless in systemic leaves in Nicotiana tabacum cultivars, though the plant samples reacted positively with the antiserum to CSNV by double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The complete genome sequence of CSNV-Kr was determined. The L RNA of CSNV-Kr consists of 8,959 nucleotides (nt) and encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The M RNA of CSNV-Kr consists of 4,835 nt and encodes the movement protein (NSm) and the glycoprotein precursor (Gn/Gc protein). The S RNA of CNSV-Kr consists of 2,836 nt and encodes NSs protein and N protein. The Gn/Gc and N sequence of CSNV-Kr were compared with those of previously published CSNV isolates originating from different countries at nucleotide and amino acid levels. The Gn/GC sequence of CSNV-Kr shared 98.8-99.5% identity with CSNV isolated from other countries and the N sequence of CSNV-Kr shared 98.8-99.6% identity. No particular region of variability could be found in either grouping of viruses. All of the CSNV isolates did not show any relationship according to geographical origins and isolation hosts, suggesting no distinct segregation of the CSNV isolates.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2015

The development of an enzymatic biosensor for dopamine determination based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and peroxidase obtained from the crude extract of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was proposed. Peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of dopamine to dopamine quinone. The influence on the response of analytical parameters of biosensors such as enzyme concentration, dopamine concentration, pH, and phosphate buffer solution concentration were investigated. The analytical parameters obtained, including sensitivity, linearity, and stability, were investigated. The proposed method for dopamine determination presented good selectivity even in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid. The sensor presented a higher response for dopamine in 0.010 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.50, with an applied potential of -0.15 V. The detection limit of the electrode was 2.7×10⁻⁶ M (S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviation of the measurements, which were repeated 10 times using 5.0×10⁻² M dopamine, was 1.3%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 1993

Effect of the amount of fertilizer, plant density, and harvesting time on the production of tobacco leaf protein and fresh biomass was investigated. Flue-cured tobacco(M tabacum, L., cv. NC 82) seedlings were transplanted in the field dressed 200kg N per ha at 1$\times$105, 3$\times$105, 5$\times$105, 7$\times$105 plants per ha, and were harvested at the time when 6 and 10 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Harvest at 10 weeks after transplanting increased greatly number of leaves per plant and fresh weight of a plant, Precentage of senescent leaf weight, but significantly decreased fresh weight of a leaf and total protein contents g-1 fresh weight of leaf and stalk over the amount obtained from the harvest at 6 weeks after transplanting. Also, fresh leaf numbers of a plant, fresh weight of a leaf and of a plant, and total protein contents g-1 fresh weight of biomass were more decreased, but percentage of senescent leaf weight were remarkably increased under higher plant density. Therefore, it was seemed that harvesting at 6 weeks after transplanting under 1$\times$105 plant density per ha is more effective for producing higher yield of biomass and protein per plant than 10 weeks harvesting with 7$\times$105 population per ha. A trend was observed that biomass and protein yields per ha are positively correlated with plant population. Biomass yield per ha was the greatest at 7$\times$105 density(80.5t), but the peak of protein yield was at the near of 5$\times$105 population(2454kg as total protein) per ha on the regression curve. It was assumed that if tobacco plants are transplanted under 5$\times$105 plant density at the mid of May, and thereafter harvest at 6 weeks repeatedly during the growing season, it is possible to harvest 2~3 times per year, and to yield more 6.024kg of protein and over 140me1ric tons of fresh biomass ha 1 year 1 statistically in the korea tobacco growing regions.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of ABA and IAA on activities of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant content, and growth of tobacco under exposure to ozone. The exposure to ozone in tobacco plant significantly decreased plant height, but it did not show any difference in vegetative characteristics except plant height of IAA $10^{-3}$M treated. Total chlorophyll content of NC 82 was dramatically decreased with increase in days after ozone treatment. However, reduction of chlorophyll was minimized when plant growth regulators were treated before ozone exposure. Three days treament of ozone in tobacco increased ascorbic acid of oxidised form, while slightly decreased `in reduced ascorbic acid by IAA treatment. But seven days of ozone treatment showed increase in ascorbic acid and decrease in dehydroascorbic acid. Ozone treatment did not show any difference in glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity when plant growth regulators were treated. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), ascorbate peroxidase(AP) and guaiacol peroxidase(GP) were increased by the exposure to ozone for three days. However, there were no difference in activities of SOD, AP and GP due to exposure to ozone for seven days. These reactions may be interpreted as protective responses to prevent or alleviate the damage of tobacco plant by ozone exposure.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.515-521
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• 1997

Tobacco plant was grown for 40 days hydroponically in nutrient solutions composed of different forms of nitrogen, like NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N, NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N, and a mixed formulation of NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N and NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N. Uptake response, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase activity at growth stage were investigated to understand the basic knowledge of nitrogen metabolism. The better growth of shoot and root was observed in the mixed nutrient solution than NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N or NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N, alone. The plant growth in NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N nutrient solution was poor due to ammonium toxicity. The pH of nutrient solution containing NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N increased up to 40 days after transplanting. But the pH of solution containing NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N decreased drastically to 3.42 at 20 days after transplant. The pH in the mixed formulation dropped to pH 3.64 at 30 days after transplant and showed re-increase. It is assumed that nitrogen of NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N form was taken up preferentially at early stage and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N form was taken up preferentially at middle stage in the treatment with the mixed solution. The result indicates that the relative proportion of nitrogen forms affected the uptake patterns at each growth stages. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein were high with the mixed solution. Total nitrogen content was the highest in NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N solution and the content also increased by the application of the mixed type of nitrogen. The amount of nitrate in leaves was high in NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N treatment and the amount of ammonium was high in NH$_4$$^{＋}$-N treatment. The activity of nitrate reductase or glutamine synthetase was highest in the leaves grown in mixed nutrient solution than in those with any other single of nitrogen form.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-63
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• 1969

A series of experiment was carried out to study on the production of disease-free seed potatoes at the Alpine Experiment Station from 1960 to 1968, which initiated a study of comparison on degeneration of plain warm region and high altitude products and the effect of latent potato virus X (PVX) and potato leaf roll virus(PLRV) on degeneration. Particular observations were made on some aspect of the nature of potato virus disease and its control such as concentrations of PVX, range of host plants, physical properties such as concentrations of PYX, range of host plants, physical properties and carrying effect of insects, by investigating 9 different areas of the main potato producing regions (Kimhae, Taegu, Choongju, Taejoen, Suwon, Kwangju, Chonju, Cheju and Chinju). Highly purified anti-serum was separated and tested for control of the virus disease and also various method of prevention and control of PLRV were observed, using cultivation of sprouted seed tubers, early harvesting method, and systemic chemicals. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Potato yield in the plain region decreased by 32.8~66.3% in the first year cultivation of seed potatoes from colder region, and the rate of virus infection was 92.9 to 95.4%. 2. Plants of three families including, 20 species were susceptible to the PVX, and among the plants Salvia officinalis of a habits only was the carrier while the symptom of Digitalis purpurea of Screphulariaceae was masked. Necrosis and ring spot was occurred in most pJants of the Solanaceae and ring spot symptom also was observed in Nicotiana tabacum L. var. White Burley and in N. glutinosa. 3. The 8$C_2$ strain of virus had the following physical properties; thermal inactivation point, 68-$72^{\circ}C$ : dilution inactivation point, above 1, 000, 000 dilution: ageing in vitro, 240-360 days: and ageing in dry plant tissue, 30 days. 4. Myzus persicae and Oxya spp. did not transmit the 8$C_2$ strain of potato virus. 5. Virus was purified through the ammonium sulphate isolating method, and higher titer value, 1/2048 was obtained through anti-serum test. 6. Inhibition Chenopodiacae on the virus infection of potato was remarkable, and inhibition of local lesion host also was observed. 7, By earlier planting of sprouted seed tubers, growth period could be prolonged by 10 to 12 days. 8. Earlier harvest decreased much the rate of virus infection of seed potatoes. 9. According to the results of aphid control trial using systemic soil insecticides at Kangnung and Taekwanlyung, PSP 204, Disyston and Thimet was effective to aphid control. In particular, control effect of twice treatments of PSP 204 was great. 10. Treatmental effect of those chemicals lasted about 60-70 days. However, single foliar application of emulsified chemicals was not effective to potato virus control. 11. The effect of PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet on the control of potato leaf roll virus was great, particularly in the case of two treatments of PSP 204, at Kangnung as well as at Taekwanlyung. Higher negative correlationship between the control effect of potato leaf roll virus and potato yield was observed showing the value r=-0.85 at Kangnung, and r=-0.87 at Taekwanlyung. 12. Differences in the control effects among PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet was not noticed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

In recent, non virus-induced mosaic symptoms(NVMS) on potato leaves were observed in the seed potato fields, and its incidence rate was $5{\sim}20%$ nationwide. It made difficult to rogue out virus-infected plants, and caused much arguments between seed potato production farmers and seed potato inspectors. The objectives of these experiments were to find out the causes of NVMS, and also to induce mosaic symptom(phytotoxicity) on potato plants by treatment of several herbicides. No significant correlations were found between incidence rates of NVMS and values from soil analyses; soil pH, soil EC, organic matter content, and contents of inorganic constituents($P_2O_5,\;NO_3$, Ca, Mg, K) in the soil around the potato planted. The examinations by ELISA, virus indicator plants, and TEM showed that NVMS on potato leaves was not caused by the viruses infection. But, the use of herbicides could induced the NVMS on potato leaves. The incidence rates of potato treated with pendimethalin linuron of 400 mL/10 a, pendimethalin of 200 mL/10 a, pendimethalin.oxadiazon of 300 mL/10 a, and control were 61.1%, 47.2%, 19.4%, and 1.4%, respectively. Based on these results, we confirmed that the treatment of pendimethalin alone and in mixture with other herbicides were the reason of NVMS on potato leaves. The yields among test plots were similar except dicamba treated plot, which decreased by about 23% compared to control plot. When their progenies harvested in 1999 were planted in the following season, no symptoms of mosaic were observed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 1981

An experiment with the tobacco plant was conducted in the pots. A sandy humic soil was used with 2 levels of pH, 3.5 and 5.8 with 2 kinds of anions, Cl as $NH_4Cl$ and $SO_4$ as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and with 4 levels of pF, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.5. The pH-treatment created different N-forms; $NH_4$ at low pH(3.5) and $NO_3$ at high pH (5.8). The results are summarized as follows: 1. At low pH (3.5) with high concentration of $NH_4$ given as $NH_4Cl$, the high content of $NH_4$ and Cl in tobacco resulted in plants suffering from $NH_4$ and Cl toxicity as well as Mn toxicity. As a result of these toxicity, an extremly abnormal growth of tobacco was clearly appeared. In the tobacco grown at low pH with $NH_4$ given as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, a large amount of the $NH_4$ uptake developed Mg and Ca deficiencies. $NH_4-N$, which had been applied to the soil of high pH (5.8), was almost completely transformed into $NO_3-N$ by nitrification and, on this low acidic soil, the plants were all healthy regardless of Cl or $SO_4$ added together with $NH_4-N$. However, dry matter production was higher and maturity faster when $SO_4$ was used as anion than when Cl was used. 2. High moisture content in soil, to some extent, is necessary for a good development and growth of the tobacco plant. Phosphate uptake seemed to be limited at higher moisture stress. The dry matter yield of tops and roots of tobacco were in the order of pF 1.8 > 2.1 > 2.6 > 3.6, respectively. 3. Data of chemical analysis and dry matter yields of tops and roots showed that the tobacco plant followed the normal (C-A) concept. In the normal growth of plants, the carboxylate content of tops was quite comparable to the estimated (C-A) values. If $NH_4$ content of plants remains in quite high quantities, it must be analysed and taken into consideration for the (C-A) calculation. Al is not transported toward tops in toxic amounts due to its high immobility, it mostly stay in or on the roots, probably due to precipitation as a aolt. When Al is present in high quantities, it has to be considered into the (C-A) calculation.