• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.178-181
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• 2002

Pyropheophorbide and pheophorbide-photosensitizers as chlorin analogues are promising new compounds for PDT because the chlorin analogues are activated with much longer red light at > 670nm and produce less long-term normal tissue phototoxicity than Photofrin. The various chlorin derivatives can be obtained by moditying peripheral substituted group among which meso-H, vinyl group and exocyclic ring are the most active positions. These characteristics prompted us to introduce various groups for constructing modified pyropheophorbide and pheophorbide a compounds. A stereospecific introduction of various double bonds at 3-position was performed to methylpheophorbide a to give a long hydrophobic moiety and cyclic derivatives. Chlorin-C$_{60}$ dyad and chlorin- $C_{60}$-porphyrin triad also were easily prepared by the reaction of terminal aldehyde of methyl pyropheophorbide a. For the reaction on meso $\delta$-position bromination and Vismeier formylation can occur. N,N-dimethylaminoacrolein also reacted on $\delta$-position and was cyclized to isobacteriochlorin, but other modification has not been succeeded. Exocyclic keto function was also modified to give purpurin derivatives, bicyclic and spiro compounds. In this presentation we report a series of modified pyropheophorbide and pheophorbide a derivatives.s.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1998

For the development of new cephalosporin antibiotics with aminothiazolcarboxymethylethoxyimino moiety on the C-7 position and tetrazolymethyl moiety on the C-3 position of cephe m ring, 7${\beta}$-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-[5-(substituted)tetrazol-2-yl]methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids(28-35) were synthesized. These compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. They showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AB 1157, Escherichia coli AB 0111, Escherichia coli BE 1186, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Salmonella typhimurium TV 119, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1102, Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732, Staphylococcus aureus R-209, but these compounds were not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-10.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1982

1. When Chong Ju and Chung Ju soils possessing different physicochemical properties were treated with 500 ppm of TOK and incubated in flooded anaerobic condition for 2, 4, and 6 months, respectively, they produced 4-Chloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether, 2,4-Dichloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether(amin-TOK), N-[4'-(4-Chlorophenoxy)] phenyl acetamide, and N-[4'-(4-Chlorophenoxy)] phenyl formamide as the metabolities. This result indicates that TOK undergose the reduction of its $NO_2\;to\;NH_2$ group, dechlorination, acetylation, and formylation under this condition. The cleavage of ether linkage does not occur. In addition, TOK degrades more readily in Chung Ju soil which is characterized by pH 6.43 and higher contents of $Ca^{++}$ and C.E.C. than in Chong Ju soil which is lower in pH, $Ca^{++}$, and C.E.C. 2. In the aerobic incubation of TOK of 25ppm in Chung Ju soil suspension for 21 days, the ratio of the resulting metabolites, TOK : amino-TOK : 4-Chloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether was 100 : 130 : 76. Meanwhile, in the 42 day incubation, the ratio was 100 : 19 : 5, which indicates that TOK in aerobic condition dose not necessrily degrade as a function of the incubation period. 3. The citrate buffer extract of Chung Ju soil has the capability of degrading TOK, which was verified to be due to the action of the microorganisms involved. 4. Twelye strains of soil bacteria were isolated from the TOK-treated soils. In the incubation of TOK in pure cultures of the respective isolates, the strain T-1-1 isolated from Chong Ju soil had almost no degradability whereas the strain T-2-3 was the most potent. The degradation of TOK by the isolates constituted mostly the reduction of the nitro group to amino group. 5. In a test for the degradability of TOK by some selected microorganisms, Pseudomonas species were more potent than fungi. Yet, Isolate B which had been isolated from Chung Ju soil suspension was the most potent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 1980

물리화학적(物理化學的) 특성을 달리하는 청주토와 충주토에 제초제(除草劑) TOK를 일정(一定) 농도로 처리하여 담수상태로 일정기간(一定期間) 배양한 후 생성(生成)된 분해산물(分解産物)과 분해(分解)에 관여한 토양미생들에 관하며 연구(硏究)를 행(行)한바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. TOK를 500ppm으로 청주토와 충주토에 처리하고 2, 4, 6개월간(個月間) $30^{\circ}C$에서 배양시 주(主)된 분해산물(分解産物)로 4-Chloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro -4'amino diphenyl ether(amino-TOK), N-[4'-(4-chlorophenoxy)] phenyl acetamide, 및 N-[4'-(4-Chlorophenoxy)] phenyl formamide의 순(順)으 생성(生成)되었다. 2. 상기(上記) 토양중에 상기와 같은 농도로 TOK를 처리하면 nitro기(基)의 amino기(基)로의 환원, 탈염소화, acetylation 및 formylation이 주(主)로 일어나고 ether결합(結合)의 붕괴는 일어나지 않았다. 3. pH가 보다 높고 토성이 Clay loam이고 C.E.C가 높은 충주토에서 TOK의분해(分解)는 더 용이 하게일어 났다. 4. 상기(上記)와 같은 변화가 생기면 TOK의 독성(毒性)은 현저히 감소되어 환경의 오염원으로서의 기능은 약화된다. 5. TOK를 처리한 토양으로부터 12균주의 세균(細菌)을 분리(分離)하였다. 6. 분리한 토양미생물의 순수배양액중에서 TOK를 배양시킨 결과 청주토에서 분리한 T-1-1균주는 거의 분해력(分解力)이 없고 T-2-3 균주가 가장분해력(分解力)이 우수한 것으로 보인다. 7. 분리한 균주에 의한 TOK의 분해(分解)는 주로(主) nitro기(基)의 amino기(基)로의 환원이었다. 8. 충주토의 citrate buffer추출액은 청주토의 citrate buffer추출액보다 TOK를 amino-TOK으로 환원시키는 능력이 컸다.