Degradation of the Herbicide, TOK(2,4-dichloro-4'-nitro diphenyl ether) in Soil

제초제(除草劑) TOK의 토양중(土壤中) 분해(分解)

  • Lee, Jae-Koo (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Chung Buk National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Cheol (Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Chung Buk National University) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Han (Department of Science Education, College of Education, Chung Buk National University)
  • 이재구 (충북대학교 농과대학 농화학과) ;
  • 김기철 (충북대학교 농과대학 농화학과) ;
  • 김장한 (충북대학교 사범대학 과학교육과)
  • Published : 1980.06.30

Abstract

TOK (2,4-Dichlolo-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether) was applied to two Korean soils possessing different physico-chemical properties at a certain concentration and incubated for a certain time under flooded conditions. The metabolites and the soil microorganisms involved in the degradation of TOK are studied. Chong Ju and Chung Ju soils treated with TOK at a concentration of 500 ppm and incubated for two, four, and six months at $30^{\circ}C$ yielded 4-chloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether(amino-TOK), N-[4'-(4-chloro-phenoxy)] phenyl acetamide, and N-[4'-(4-chloro-phenoxy)] phenyl formamide as the major metabolites. TOK underwent the reduction of nitrogroup to amino group, dechlorination, acetylation, and formylation. No cleavage at the ether linkage was recognized. TOK was more readily degraded in Chung Ju soil which is characterized by the higher pH (PH 6.43), clay loam in textural class, and the higher cation exchange capacity. The toxicity of TOK as a possible environmental contaminant is expected to be considerably reduced as a result of the above degradation Twelve strains of soil bacteria were isolated from the TOK-treated Chong Ju and Chung Ju soils. As a result of the incubation of TOK in pure cultures of the isolates, T-1-1 strain isolated from Chong Ju soil had almost no degradability, whereas T-2-3 strain turned out to be the most potent. The degradation of TOK by the isolates constituted mostly the reduction of the nitro group to amino group. The citrate buffer extract of Chung Ju soil reduced TOK more readily to amino-TOK than that of Chong Ju soil.

물리화학적(物理化學的) 특성을 달리하는 청주토와 충주토에 제초제(除草劑) TOK를 일정(一定) 농도로 처리하여 담수상태로 일정기간(一定期間) 배양한 후 생성(生成)된 분해산물(分解産物)과 분해(分解)에 관여한 토양미생들에 관하며 연구(硏究)를 행(行)한바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. TOK를 500ppm으로 청주토와 충주토에 처리하고 2, 4, 6개월간(個月間) $30^{\circ}C$에서 배양시 주(主)된 분해산물(分解産物)로 4-Chloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro -4'amino diphenyl ether(amino-TOK), N-[4'-(4-chlorophenoxy)] phenyl acetamide, 및 N-[4'-(4-Chlorophenoxy)] phenyl formamide의 순(順)으 생성(生成)되었다. 2. 상기(上記) 토양중에 상기와 같은 농도로 TOK를 처리하면 nitro기(基)의 amino기(基)로의 환원, 탈염소화, acetylation 및 formylation이 주(主)로 일어나고 ether결합(結合)의 붕괴는 일어나지 않았다. 3. pH가 보다 높고 토성이 Clay loam이고 C.E.C가 높은 충주토에서 TOK의분해(分解)는 더 용이 하게일어 났다. 4. 상기(上記)와 같은 변화가 생기면 TOK의 독성(毒性)은 현저히 감소되어 환경의 오염원으로서의 기능은 약화된다. 5. TOK를 처리한 토양으로부터 12균주의 세균(細菌)을 분리(分離)하였다. 6. 분리한 토양미생물의 순수배양액중에서 TOK를 배양시킨 결과 청주토에서 분리한 T-1-1균주는 거의 분해력(分解力)이 없고 T-2-3 균주가 가장분해력(分解力)이 우수한 것으로 보인다. 7. 분리한 균주에 의한 TOK의 분해(分解)는 주로(主) nitro기(基)의 amino기(基)로의 환원이었다. 8. 충주토의 citrate buffer추출액은 청주토의 citrate buffer추출액보다 TOK를 amino-TOK으로 환원시키는 능력이 컸다.

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