• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2003

Using a quarter car model, an analytic method for performance estimation of a vehicle suspension system with respect to frequency response, RMS response and performance index is presented. From frequency response function, compromization of response performance to the whole frequency range is verified and from RMS response and performance index, sensitivity of ride md handling characteristics are examined. Using a full car model, sweet area(stable ride area) are determined and performance sensitivity is estimated according to the change of feedback gains. In order to esimate the output sensitivity, response we is displayed using a 3-dimensional contour plot. Design data n suggested for optimal design parameter esimation, which maximize the performance of the given suspension system.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.5 no.2 s.9
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

Purpose: This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of submucosal (SM) midazolam (M), oral chloral hydrate (CH), hydroxyzine (H), and nitrous oxide (N) 99 uncooperative pediatric dental patients over 182 sedation sessions. Methods: Selection criteria included good medical health (ASA I), from 2 to 6 years of age, uncooperative behavior, and the need for restorations and dental surgery. The children who was administerated with CH H, N was Group 1 (48 case). The children who was administerated with CH, H, N, M was Group 2 (51 case). All the patients received oral CH (50-70 mg/Kg), H (1 mg/Kg) and N (less than 50%). Additionally the Group 2 received SM midazolam (0.1-0.2 mg/kg). Behavior response was rated as quiet (Q), crying (C), movement (M), or struggling (S) every 5 minutes through operative procedures. Behavior response rating was assigned to Houpt scale of Overall behavior. Data was analyzed using Chi-Square Test. Results: The Group 2 had more effective (88.2%) than the Group 1 (68.8%)(P = 0.05). Also, vomiting response decreased in the Group 2 (94.4%) than those with oral administration of chloral hydrate alone without SM midazolam (77.1%)(P = 0.05). Conclusions: SM midazolam improved the quality of sedation and vomiting response.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 1996

Three hundred rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were screened for tolerance to butachlor [N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide], thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]diethylcarbamothioate), and simetryn [N,N-diethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine]. The responses of the rice cultivars to herbicides differed depending upon the herbicides and their concentrations. New Sabarmati(BAS), Gora, PTB 18 were tolerant to butachlor, and Azucena, IR44707-31-1-3-2, ARC 7293 to thiobencarb, while Gora, ARC 7293, and Dudmona were tolerant to both herbicides. Response of rice to simetryn differed from its response to butachlor and thiobencarb. Inhibition of shoot growth and fresh weight increased as the temperature and herbicide concentration increased. There was a higher correlation among rice cultivars response to butachlor and thiobencarb in the greenhouse when laboratory studies were conducted at higher temperatures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9379-9383
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• 2014

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) is one of the most important target end-points of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with breast cancer (BC). In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between molecular subtypes and NACT in patients with BC. Materials and Methods: Using the Akdeniz University database, 106 patients who received NACT for operable breast cancer were retrospectively identified. Prognostic factors before and after NACT were assessed. According to the molecular subtypes, molecular shifting after NACT and tumoral and nodal response to NACT were analyzed. Results: The distribution of subtypes was: Luminal A, 28.3% (n=30); Luminal B, 31.1% (n=33); HER2-like, 24.5% (n=26); and basal like/triple negative (BL/TN), 16.0% (n=17). According to molecular subtypes, pCR rates in both breast and axillary were 0%, 21.4%, 36.4% and 27.3% for luminal A, luminal B, HER2-like and BL/TN, respectively (p=0.018). Molecular subtype shifting was mostly seen in luminal A type (28.6%) after the NACT. The pCR rate in breast and axillary was significantly higher in patients with HER2-like type BC. Conclusions: In patients with HER-2 like type BC, NACT may be offered in early stages. Additionally, due to molecular shifting, adjuvant treatment schedule should be reviewed again, especially in the luminal A group.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1992

In order to improve the control of large unresectable(>6cm) and fixed N3(TNM-UICC) metastatic neck nodes, local hyperthermia(HT) has been combined with radiation therapty (RT) in Yonsei cancer center. From April 1985 to april 1988, a total of 18 patients of head and neck cancer with metastatic large unresectable and fixed cervical neck nodes who underwent combined RT and HT were analyzed. Of 18 patients, complete response rate was 39% (7 pt.) partial response 39% (7 pt.) and overall response rate was 78%. Acute side effects of these combined modalities were found in 8 patients and which were mainly cutaneous reaction such as erythema, dry and moist desquamation but recovered spontaneously in all patients after treatment. Factors of maximum tumor temperature above $43^{\circ}\C$ and MDF(multiple daily fractionation) showed more favorable response rate but not statistically sinificant. Two year actuarial survival rate of all patients was 35.4%.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.817-826
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• 2018

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ unique to birds. Four bursal peptides (BP-I, BP-II, BP-III, and BP-IV) have been isolated and identified from the BF. In this study, the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV were examined in mice immunized with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine. The results suggested that BP-I effectively enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, increased the secretion of Th1 (interferon gamma)- and Th2 (interleukin-4)-type cytokines, and induced an improved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to the H9N2 virus. BP-II mainly elevated specific antibody production, especially neutralizing antibodies, and increased Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion. BP-III had no significant effect on antibody production or cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the control group. A strong immune response at both the humoral and cellular levels was induced by BP-IV. Furthermore, a virus challenge experiment followed by H&E staining revealed that BP-I and BP-II promoted removal of the virus and conferred protection in mouse lungs. BP-IV significantly reduced viral titers and histopathological changes and contributed to protection against H9N2 AIV challenge in mouse lungs. This study further elucidated the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV, providing a novel insight into immunoadjuvants for use in vaccine design.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 1994

$NiFe/TbCo/Si_3N_4$ thin films were fabricated, which can be employed as dualOongitudinal and transverse) biased magnetoresistive elements utilizing surface magnetic exchange at the interface of NiFe/TbCo films. When Tb area percent was 36 % and substrate bias was not applied, magnetic exchange fields of 100~180 Oe were obtained. The thicknesses of NiFe, TbCo and $Si_3N_4$(Protective layer) were $470\;{\AA},\;2400\;{\AA}\;and\;600\;{\AA}$, respectively. Magnetoresistance ratio of 1.45 % was obtained using NiFe films fabricated with 1000 W power and 2.5 mTorr of Ar pressure. The MR ratio of microstructured elements was reduced to 1.31 % and the MR response curves were shown not to saturate due to demagnetizing fields of the elements. When elements were fabricated with $36^{\circ}$ of misalignment with respect to the exchange field direction using films having 150 Oe exchange field, MR response curve was shifted by 85 Oe, and the operating point of the device shifted to the linear region of the response. Also, the Barkhausen noise was eiminated due to longitudinal bias field originating from the exchange field.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.80-94
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported chocolate consumption has beneficial effects on blood pressure, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence regarding these relationships in Asia is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate relations between chocolate consumption and MetS in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Study subjects were 6,982 adults aged 19-64 years free of major chronic diseases that participated in the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Information on chocolate consumption was obtained using food frequency questionnaires. For primary analysis, subjects were divided into two groups: non-consumer (n = 3,741, 53.6%); consumer (n = 3,241, 46.4%). In order to investigate dose-response effects on MetS, chocolate consumers were divided into quartiles based on amounts consumed: Q1 (n = 789, 24.3%); Q2 (n = 837, 25.8%); Q3 (n = 863, 26.6%); Q4 (n = 752, 23.2%) in second analysis. RESULTS: Chocolate consumers; 1) were more physically active(P < 0.0001); 2) less likely to smoke(P < 0.0001); 3) paid more attention to food nutrition labels (P < 0.0001), and 4) had healthier dietary patterns, that is, they consumed vegetables, fruits, and dairy products more frequently(P < 0.0001) than non-consumers. Furthermore, chocolate consumers had a 30% lower risk of MetS (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.86; P = 0.0005). However, dose-response effects between chocolate intake and MetS was not found by secondary analysis after excluding non-consumers. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, chocolate consumers had healthier lifestyles and dietary patterns and a lower prevalence of MetS than non-consumers, as determined by our primary analysis. Although dose-response effects were not found to be significant among chocolate consumers during secondary analysis, the patterns were partially similar. This cross-sectional finding shows chocolate consumption does not increase the risk of MetS. The prospective studies and intervention trials in Korea are needed to confirm this cross-sectional finding.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1998

Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on nitrogen (N) uptake , leaf N concentration, N partitioning , N use efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of pot and field grown rice (Oryza sativa. L.cv. Chukwangbyeo) under canopy-like conditions were studied over three years. Rice plants were grown in pots and in the field in temperature gradient chambers containing either ambient(350ppm) or elevated CO2 concentrations (690 or 650ppm) in conbination with either four or seven temperature regimes ranging form ambient temperature(AT) to AT plus 3$^{\circ}C$. There were three N supplies 94g or 6g m-2 to 20g or 48g m-2.Elevated CO2 increased N uptake in field-grown rice ; the magnitude of this effect was thelargest (+15%) at the highest N level. However, in pot-grown rice, N uptake was suppressed with the effect was the largest at high N levels. Leaf N concentration declined at elevated CO2 mainly due to a decrease in N partitiioning to the leaf blades. Air temperature had little effect on the N parameters mentioned previously, wherease NUE for spikelet production declined rapidly with increased temperature irrespective of CO2 concentration. The response of the biomass to elevated CO2 varied with N level, with the greatest response at 20g N m-2 (+30%) . At AT, where high temperature-induced sterility was generally not observed, elevated CO2 increased yield. However, the magnitude of this effect varied greatly (2-39%) with N level, and was mainly dependent on the magnitude of the increase in spikelet number.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) response of litterfall components as affected by N addition in compound fertilizer in a Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand in southern Korea. Litterfall in a mature red pine stand was collected for two years following compound fertilizer application ($N_3P_4K_1$; $P_4K_1$) and no fertilization (control). The C concentration of litterfall components was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the $N_3P_4K_1$ and the control plots, whereas the N concentration of the litterfall components was significantly higher in the $N_3P_4K_1$ plot than in the control plot. The $N_3P_4K_1$ and $P_4K_1$ additions induced a lower C/N ratio of litterfall components compared with the control plot. Annual C and N fluxes via litterfall components were not affected by the $N_3P_4K_1$ addition over the study period, except for reproduction litter. Annual N fluxes via reproduction litter were significantly higher in the $N_3P_4K_1$ plot than in the control plot. Thus, the $N_3P_4K_1$ and $P_4K_1$ additions could modify differently nutrient distribution of the forest floor and mineral soils in a red pine stand. These results indicate that N concentration and C/N ratio in litterfall components are more susceptible to fertilizer application than the C response in litterfall components.