• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2000

너비 우선 선정 트리기 이미 구성되어 있는 비동기식 네트워크상에서 네트워크 형상이 빈힐 경우 이로인해 구성되어 있던 너비 우선 선정 트리를 갱신해야 하는 경우가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 경우 너비 우선 신장 트리를 효율적으로 갱신하는 메시지 복잡도와 이상시간 복잡도 모두 O($p\sqrt{q}$.q.a.n')인 분산 알고리즘을 제안한다. 여기서, a는 추가 링크의 수, n'는 네트워크의 토폴로지가 변한후의 네트워크상에 존재하는 노드수를 각각 나타낸다. 그리고 p는 삭제 또는 추가 링크를 가진 이중결합요소에 속하는 전체 노드 수를 나타내며, q는 삭제 또는 추가 링크를 가진 이중 결합요소에 속하는 전체 링크수를 나타낸다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1990

자연환경 방사선의 주 요소의 하나인 지각 방사선에 의한 피폭선량을 정량적으로 측정 해석하기 위하여 24개월간에 걸친 TLD에 의한 연속 적산선량 측정과 주기적인 감마선 분광분석을 수행하였다. TLD로는 LiF PTFE disk형을 사용하였으며 감마선 분광분석에서는 $3&{\phi}{\times}3'$원주형 Nal(Tl) 섬광검출기와 휴대형 다중파고 분석기 (4096 ch)를 사용하였다. 측정한 선량은 모두 실효 선량당량으로 평가하였으며 부수적으로 우주선 전리 성분에 의한 선량당량도 평가할 수 있었다. 분산 가중 평균값을 취한 결과에 의하면 대전 지역의 측정점에서 지각 방사선과 우주선 전리 성부의 체외 피폭에 의한 년간 실효 선량당량은 각각 $564{\pm}4\;{\mu}Sv(64.8{\pm}0.5nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 및 $300{\pm}2\;{\mu}Sv(34.3{\pm}0.2nSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$로 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mixed fuel composition and mass fraction on spray inner structure in evaporating transient spray under the variant ambient conditions. Spray structure and spatial distribution of liquid phase concentration were investigated using a thin laser sheet illumination technique on the three component mixed fuels. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used as a light source. The experiments were conducted in a constant volume vessel with optical access. Fuel was injected into the vessel with electronically controlled common rail injector. Used fuel contains i-octane($C_8H_{18}$), n-dodecane($C_{12}H_{26}$) and n-hexadecane($C_{16}H_{34}$) that were selected as low-, middle- and high-boiling point fuel, respectively. Experimental conditions are 42 MPa, 72 MPa and 112 MPa in injection pressure, $5\;kg/m^3$, $15kg/m^3$ and $30kg/m^3$ in ambient gas density, 300 K, 500 K, 600 K and 700 K in ambient gas temperature, 300 K and 368 K in fuel temperature and different fuel mass fraction. Experimental results indicated that the multi-component fuels made two phase region mixed vapor and liquid so that it would are helpful to improve combustion, for the fuels of high boiling point component could accelerate evaporation very much according as low boiling point fuel was added to high boiling point fuel.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2019

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether the use of our novel patient-specific guide (PSG) with 3-dimensional reconstruction in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) would allow accurate and reliable implantation of the glenoid and humeral components. Methods: 20 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used. The PSG group (n=10) and conventional group (n=10) was evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of implant positioning between before and after surgery on the computed tomography image. Results: The superoinferior and anteroposterior offset in the glenoid component were $0.42{\pm}0.07$, $0.50{\pm}0.08$ in the conventional group and $0.45{\pm}0.03$, $0.46{\pm}0.02$ in the PSG group. The inclination and version angles were $-1.93^{\circ}{\pm}4.31^{\circ}$, $2.27^{\circ}{\pm}5.91^{\circ}$ and $0.46^{\circ}{\pm}0.02^{\circ}$, $3.38^{\circ}{\pm}2.79^{\circ}$. The standard deviation showed a smaller difference in the PSG group. The anteroposterior and lateromedial humeral canal center offset in the humeral component were $0.45{\pm}0.12$, $0.48{\pm}0.15$ in the conventional group and $0.46{\pm}0.59$ (p=0.794), $0.46{\pm}0.06$ (p=0.702) in the PSG group. The PSG showed significantly better humeral stem alignment. Conclusions: The use of PSGs with 3-dimensional reconstruction reduces variabilities in glenoid and humerus component positions and prevents extreme positioning errors in RTSA.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2004

우리은하중심에 있는 Sgr B2 분자운 지역에 대하여 $HCO^{+}1-0$ 천이선을 관측하여 이 지역의 역학적, 화학적 특성을 연구하였다. 이 지역에는 속도가 ${\sim}50$과 ${\sim}100kms^{-1}$인 가스 구름이 상호작용을 하고 있는 것으로 보이며, 이에 의하여 Sgr B2 분자운의 새로운 별-탄생이 촉진될 수 있다고 여겨진다. 속도성분이 ${\sim}50kms^{-1}$인 지역에서, 뚜렷한 가스 집중을 보이는 'OF38 분자운'('Odenwald & Fazio FIR 38' Cloud)이 새로이 발견되었다. 이 분자운의 $HCO^+$ 칼럼밀도는 $N(HCO^+)=(2-5){\times}10^{14}cm^{-2}$, 크기는 약 15pc이며, 총 질량은 약 $10^6M_{\odot}$으로 계산되었다. 그리고 이 Sgr B2 지역에는 속도 범위가 $100kms^{-1}$에 이르는 큰 규모의 터뷸런트한 컴포넌트가 넓게 퍼져 존재하며, 이 성분의 $N(HCO^+)=1{\times}10^{13}cm^{-2}$으로 상당한 양으로 존재함을 알 수 있다. 그러나 이 지역에서 관측되는 $HCO^+$의 생성반응은, 기존에 제안되었던 $H^{+}_3$와 CO의 반응보다는, 충격파의 영향에 의하여 증가하는 $C^+$와 OH의 반응에서 보다 효과적으로 생성될 것으로 보인다. 새로이 발견된 'OF38 분자운'의 물리 화학적 특성을 밝히는 일은 앞으로의 과제라고 생각한다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 1996

The singular value decomposition is one of the most useful methods in the area of matrix computation. It gives dimension reduction which is the centeral idea in many multivariate analyses. But this method is not resistant, i.e., it is very sensitive to small changes in the input data. In this article, we derive the resistant version of singular value decomposition for principal component analysis. And we give its statistical applications to biplot which is similar to principal component analysis in aspects of the dimension reduction of an n x p data matrix. Therefore, we derive the resistant principal component analysis and biplot based on the resistant singular value decomposition. They provide graphical multivariate data analyses relatively little influenced by outlying observations.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

A new type of anode materials in form of nanocrystalline composite powders has been developed that offers the potential for dramatically improved discharge capacity and initial activation rate. The composites are synthesized by ball milling of two components - a major component (basic component) having high hydrogen capacity and a minor component (surface activator) with good electrocatalytic activity. The capacity increase observed by ball milling with surface activator. The ball-milled composite materials are easier to activate than the non ball-milled basic component.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1998

There are various notions of partial ordering between life-times of systems; stochastic ordering failure rate ordering and likeli-hood ration ordering. In this paper we show that for series systems with non i.i.d. exponential lifetimes of components standby redundancy at component level is better than that at system level in failure rate or-dering and likelihood ratio ordering. We also demonstrate that for 2-component parallel systems with i.i.d. exponential lifetimes of com-ponents standby system redundancy is better than standby component redundancy in failure rate ordering and likelihood ratio ordering.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.156-156
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• 2002

We apply independent component analysis (ICA) for extracting an optimal basis to the problem of finding efficient features for representing speech signals of a given speaker The speech segments are assumed to be generated by a linear combination of the basis functions, thus the distribution of speech segments of a speaker is modeled by adapting the basis functions so that each source component is statistically independent. The learned basis functions are oriented and localized in both space and frequency, bearing a resemblance to Gabor wavelets. These features are speaker dependent characteristics and to assess their efficiency we performed speaker identification experiments and compared our results with the conventional Fourier-basis. Our results show that the proposed method is more efficient than the conventional Fourier-based features in that they can obtain a higher speaker identification rate.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1998

This paper describes the design of a 6-component force/moment calibration machine with having the maximum capacities of 500 N in forces and 50 Nm in moments. To be used for the characteristic of a multi-component load cell. this machine consists of a body, a fixture, a force generating system, a moment generating system and weights. We have also evaluated the accuracy of the calibration machine. Test results show that the expanded relative uncertainty for force components $\pmFx,\;\pmFy\;and\;moment\;components\;\pmMx,\;\pmMy\;are\;less\; than\;8.6\times10^{-4}$, and force components +Fz, -Fz and moment components $\pmMz\;is\;less\;than\;1.6\times10^{-3},\;2.0\times10^{-5},\;1.7\times10^{-3}$ respectively.