• 환경생물
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-457
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• 1999

경기도 양평군 수입천에서 대형 군락을 형성하여 자생하는 갯버들의 영양염류의 농도와 수리학적체류시간에 따른 질소.인 흡수 실험 결과로서 NH$_4$-N, NO$_3$-N, PO$_4$-P제거효율은 저농도에서 체류 시간이 길 때 높은 경향을 보였고, 제거능은 고농도와 짧은 체류시간에서 높은 경향으로 나타났다. 유입농도와 체류시간에 따른 지상부 1g당 제거능 추정식을 구하였다. 수입천 갯버들의 현존량은 4,880.81g/$m^2$로 추정되었고, 현존량과 제거능 추정식으로부터 자연정화량을 추정하였는데, 수입교부터 노문교까지 6km 구간에서 하천양안을 합쳐 10m 폭의 갯버들의 분포에 대해 체류시간 0.59~5.21이며 NH$_4$-N의 유입농도가 0.05~0.4, mg/L 일 때 제거능추정값은 0.49~15.49 kg/day, NO$_3$-N의 유입수의 농도가 1.42~11.36mg/L 일 때 5.83~405.39 kg/4ay, PO$_4$-P 유입수의 농도가 0.1~0.27 mg/L 일 때 7.57~23.22 kg/day로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.646-653
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• 2011

The combined system of sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) and membrane SBR (MSBR) was operated with sewage to evaluate the COD utilization for biological nutrient removal (BNR). The SBBR was operated for nitrification reactor, while denitrifying PAO (dPAO) was cultivated in MSBR with anaerobic-anoxic operation. In the SBBR and MSBR system, the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was successfully achieved with higher N removal. The COD utilization in combined SBBR-MSBR system was significantly reduced compared to ordinary BNR (up to 3.1 g SCOD/g (N+P) and 1.6 g SCOD/g (N+P) with different C/N/P ratio). The results suggest that a dPAO process could effectively reduce carbon energy (=COD) requirement. The combination of oxic-SBBR and anaerobic-anoxic MSBR for dPAO utilization could be an attractive alternative to upgrade the process performance in weak sewage.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal sewage depending on existence of biological coated media in BCM reactor. The reactor with biological coated media is the process combining $A_2/O$ process. The removal efficiencies for $COD_{Mn},\; BOD_5,\;SS$, T-N and T-P were $78\%,\;90.5\%,\;92.3\%,\;61.9\%,\;60.2\%$, respectively. The specific nitrification rate$(mgNO_3-N/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ of Contact aeration basin was 52.2 and the specific denitrification rate$(mgNO_3N/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in anoxic basin was 95.1. Also, phosphorus release$(mgPO_4-P/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in Anaerobic basin was 71.8 and Phosphorus uptake$(mgPO_4-P/gMLSS{\cdot}d)$ in contact aeration was 27.1.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2005

활성탄 미분을 용액계에 분산하므로 수반 되는 결과를 고찰하기 위하여 칼륨처리 미분 활성탄의 물리적 성질과 그들에 응용에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 오염수로부터 오염물질의 촉매적 제거 효율을 연구하기 위하여 분산매로써 두 종류의 칼륨 미분 활성탄을 사용하였다. 칼륨염을 포함하는 수용액내에서 처리된 활성탄 시료로부터 얻어진 표면 특성화를 위하여, 흡착 등온곡선 형태, SEM, EDX 및 표면 기능기 변화 등을 주된 연구 대상으로 하였다. pH 변화에 따른 칼륨 미분 활성탄을 오염수에 분산하여 색도, COD, T-N 및 T-P 등에 대하여 제거 효율을 연구하였다. 칼륨 미분 활성탄을 처리한 오염수에 대한 네 가지 요소 제거 결과로부터, pH 6~8의 범위에서 만족할 만한 제거 효율이 얻어 졌다. 본 연구로부터 칼륨 처리 미분 활성탄의 분산에 의한 오염물질의 제거 효율이 흡착 특성 및 촉매적 효율에 의하여 입증되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

Nitrate($NO_3-N$) and total nitrogen(TN) removal by a reed wetland with open water(Wetland 1) was compared with that of a reed wetland without open water(Wetland 2) from March to October 2002. The two wetlands were 25mL by 6mW. An open water area, 3mL by 6mW was designed at the middle of Wetland 1. Reeds(Phragmites australis) were transplanted into the wetlands in June 2000. Water of Sinyang Stream flowing into the Kohung Estuarine Lake located in the southern part of Korea was pumped into a primary treatment pond, whose effluent was discharged into the secondary pond. Effluent from the secondary pond was funneled into the wetlands. Inflow into the wetlands averaged about 20.0$m^3$/day and their hydraulic retention time was approximately 1.5 days. Average $NO_3-N$ removal by Wetland 1 was 117.61mg/$m^2{\cdot}day$ and that by Wetland 2 was 106.39mg/$m^2{\cdot}day$. $NO_3-N$ removal efficiency of Wetland 1 and 2 was 37% and 34%, respectively. TN removal by Wetlands 1 and 2 averaged 226.80 and 214.54mg/$m^2{\cdot}day$, respectively. TN abatement efficiency of Wetland 1 was 43% and that of Wetland 2 was 40%. $NO_3-N$ removal efficiency of Wetland 1 was significantly higher(p=0.038) than Wetland 2. TN removal efficiency of Wetland 1 was also significantly higher(p=0.044) than Wetland 2. The wetland with open water was more efficient for removal of $NO_3-N$ and TN than one without.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2005

To treat wastewater efficiently by a one-step process of nitrogen removal, a new bacterial strain producing $N_2$ gas from ${NH_4}^+$ under an aerobic condition was isolated and identified. The cell was motile and a Gram-negative rod, and usually occurred in pairs. By 16S-rDNA analysis, the isolated strain was identified as Enterobacter asburiae with 96% similarity. The isolate showed that the capacity of $N_2$ production under an oxic condition was approximately three times higher than that under an anoxic condition. Thus, the consumption of ${NH_4}^+$ by the isolate was significantly different in the metabolism of $N_2$ production under the two different environmental conditions. The optimal conditions of the immobilized isolate for $N_2$ production were found to be pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and C/N ratio 5, respectively. Under all the optimum reaction conditions, $N_2$ production by the immobilized isolate resulted in reduction of ORP with both the consumption of DO and the drop of pH. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$, and TN were 56.1 and 60.9%, respectively. The removal rates of $COD_{Cr}$, and TN were the highest for the first 2.5 hrs with the removal $COD_{Cr}/TN$ ratios of 32.1, and afterwards the rates decreased as reaction proceeded. For application of the immobilized isolate to a practical process of ammonium removal, a continuous operation was executed with a synthetic medium of a low C/N ratio. The continuous bioreactor system exhibited a satisfactory performance at 12.1 hrs of HRT, in which the effluent concentrations of ${NH_4}^+$-N was measured to be 15.4 mg/L with its removal efficiency of 56.0%. The maximum removal rate of ${NH_4}^+$-N reached 1.6 mg ${NH_4}^+$-N/L/hr at 12.1 hrs of HRT(with N loading rate of $0.08\;Kg-N/m^3$-carrier/d). As a result, the application of the immobilized isolate appears a viable alternative to the nitrification-denitrification processes.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

Submerged Membrane Bio-Reacter(SMBR) process was used to food wastewater treatment. From laboratory pilot-scale experiment data, it was confirmed that this process was very effective process for organics, suspended solid, and N, P treatment. It was found that BOD and COD removal rate were obtained 90% and 92%, respectively, for 150 days operation. Organics loading rate did not affect to the removal efficiency because MLSS concentration in aerobic tank was highly maintained. IN the case of first reactor operated with anoxic and second reactor operated as aerobic, T-N, T-P removal rate were obtained 93% and 95%, respectively. It was shown that removal efficiency could be maintained stable due to the complete removal of SS and sludge production decreased with increasing of sludge retention time.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2014

The amount of waste water generated from the domestic sources is consistently increasing in proportion to economic growth, and the conventional activated sludge process is widely being used for general waste water treatment. But the ministry of environment becomes stringthent treatment standards of N and P (less than 20mg/L of N, 2mg/L of P) to prevent the eutrophication of lake water, and therefore highly advanced treatment technology is required not only in the existing treatment plants where the activated sludge process is being used, but also in newly constructed treatment plants for the treatment of N and P. This study is aimed at highly operating the engineering technology method was developed by domestic to eliminate N and P at the same time. Experiments were conducted in the treatment plant located in Yong In city. The bioreactor was started from the principal equipment for the elimination of N and P and the elimination of organic compounds. It consists of an internal recycle piping from the end of the aerobic tank to the anoxic tank and external recycle piping from the final settling basin to the denitrification tank. By experiment of 4 types separate inflow of waste water to the denitrification tank and the anaerobic tank, and changes in staying time at the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank, the elimination of organic compounds in each type and the relationship in the efficiency between the elimination of N and P were researched.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2014

This study targets the pollutant removal of secondary effluent from final clarifiers in wastewater treatment plant using silver nanoparticles on activated carbon. The removal efficiency and treatment characteristics of pollutant are anlayzed by perfoming experiments using granular activated carbon with silver nanoparticles and ordinary granular activated carbon. The specific surface area of granular activated carbon with silver nanoparticles is smaller than that of ordinary granular activated carbon. However, the removal efficiency of $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and T-P in experiments using activated carbon with silver nanoparticles are higher than that in experiment using ordinary granular activated carbon. That means the case of activated carbon with silver nanoparticles is much better at treatment activity. In addition, activated carbon with silver nanoparticles has antimicrobial activity because there is no microbe on the surface of it after experiments.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 1995

The treatment performances of anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process were investigated under various operation conditions. The treatment system proposed in this study gave a relatively stable performance against hourly change of the flow rate and showed a satisfactory removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds under experimental conditions. The recycle ratio of mixed liquor from aerobic to anaerobic region and peak coefficient primarily controlled the extent of nitrogen removal. The recycle ratio had the optimum values which were determined by the microbial activities of nitrification and denitrification. The behavior of the treatment unit could be simulated by using the kinetic equations and reactor models which considered the treatment units as complete mixing tanks.