• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.276-279
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• 2001

The effect of helminthiasis on zinc metabolism was monitored using endogenous $^{65}Zn$ after intraperitoneal injection of 1 g of $^{65}Zn$ as zinc chloride. In the first experiment zinc turnover was investigated in 18 male weanling rats, which were randomly divided into 3 groups. One group was infected with 73 third stage larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis per gram body weight ; the other groups were the pair-fed and ad lib-fed controls. The route of loss of zinc was investigated in the second experiment with the same design using 18 animals with a lower dose of infection (33 larvae per gram body weight). The biological half life of endogenous $^{65}Zn$ was lower (p<0.05) in the infected group as compared to the controls. In the later phase of infection (9th to 16th day) there was reduced retention of $^{65}Zn$ and increased loss (p<0.05) of $^{65}Zn$ from the body though urine and faeces. It was concluded that infection of N. brasiliensis was accompanied by increased loss of endogenous Zn through faeces and urine.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.186-189
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• 2012

For the mean vector of a p-variate normal distribution ($p{\geq}3$), the optimal estimation within the class of James-Stein type decision rules under the quadratic loss are given when the underlying distribution is that of a variance mixture of normals and when the norm ${\parallel}\underline{{\theta}}{\parallel}$ in known. It also demonstrated that the optimal estimation within the class of Lindley type decision rules under the same loss when the underlying distribution is the previous type and the norm ${\parallel}{\theta}-\overline{\theta}\underline{1}{\parallel}$ with $\overline{\theta}=\frac{1}{p}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{\theta}_i$ and $\underline{1}=(1,{\cdots},1)^{\prime}$ is known.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

[Purpose] Sex hormones deficiency leads to dramatically bone loss in particular postmenopausal women. Royal jelly has anti-osteoporosis effect due to maintain bone volume in that condition. We hypothesized that royal jelly protein (RJP, a latent residue after extracting royal jelly) also prevents bone deficient in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, the animal model of postmenopausal women. [Methods] Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30, 6 weeks age old) were sham operated (Sham; sham operated group, n = 7), OVX control group (OC, n = 7), OVX with low RJP intake group (ORL, n = 8), and OVX with high RJP intake group (ORH, n = 8) during 8 weeks experimental periods. In the end point of this experiment, the bone samples (lumbar spine, tibia, and femur) were surgically removed under anesthesia. These bone samples were evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength. [Results] BMD of lumbar spine in RJP intake groups (ORL, ORH) were higher than that in OC group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) in RJP intake volume dependent manner. BMD of tibial proximal metaphysis and diaphysis in RJP intake groups were also higher than these in OC group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01 / p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). In addition, breaking force of femur in RJP intake groups were significantly increase compared with that in OC group (p < 0.001 respectively). [Conclusion] These findings indicate that RJP contribute to prevent sex hormone related bone abnormality.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

Consider the problem of estimating a $p{\times}1$ mean vector ${\theta}(p-q{\geq}3)$, $q=rank(P_V)$ with a projection matrix $P_v$ under the quadratic loss, based on a sample $X_1$, $X_2$, ${\cdots}$, $X_n$. We find a James-Stein type decision rule which shrinks towards projection vector when the underlying distribution is that of a variance mixture of normals and when the norm ${\parallel}{\theta}-P_V{\theta}{\parallel}$ is restricted to a known interval, where $P_V$ is an idempotent and projection matrix and rank $(P_V)=q$. In this case, we characterize a minimal complete class within the class of James-Stein type decision rules. We also characterize the subclass of James-Stein type decision rules that dominate the sample mean.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to compare the wear resistance of heat pressure-cured microcomposite(SR-Isosit-N), photo-cured microcomposite(Dentalcolor), unfilled heat-cured resin(Thermojel) and that of human enmel. Specimens were made with specially designed die and finally polished with #3,000 diamond paste. After 100,000 strokes of tooth brushing at electric tooth-brushing machine, mean thickness loss of each specimen was measured by using surface profile and integration. The results were as follows 1. Mean thickness loss were $84.3{\pm}27.3{\mu}m$ in unfiled heat-cured resin, $9.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$ in photocured microcomposite, $7.6{\pm}2.1{\mu}m$ in heat.pressure-cured microcomposite and $0.97{\pm}0.42{\mu}m$ in enamel. 2. Heat.pressure-cured microcomposite and photo-cured microcomposite had no difference in mean thickness loss(p>0.05). 3. Unfilled resin and microcomposite had much differences in mean thickness loss (p<0.005). 4. ha resins used in this experiment had too much mean thickness loss as compared with enamel (p<0.005).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2016

Purpose: It is hypothesized that robotic gastrectomy may surpass laparoscopic gastrectomy after the operators acquire long-term experience and skills in the manipulation of robotic arms. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term learning curve of robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) for gastric cancer compared with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG). Materials and Methods: From October 2008 to December 2015, patients who underwent LDG (n=809) were matched to patients who underwent RDG (n=232) at a 1:1 ratio, by using a propensity score matching method after stratification for the operative year. The surgical outcomes, such as trends of operative time, blood loss, and complication rate, were compared between the two groups. Results: The RDG group showed a longer operative time (171.3 minutes vs. 147.6 minutes, P<0.001) but less estimated blood loss (77.6 ml vs. 116.6 ml, P<0.001). The complication rate and postoperative recovery did not differ between the two groups. The RDG group showed a longer operative time and similar estimated blood loss compared with the LDG group after 5 years of experience (operative time: 159.2 minutes vs. 136.0 minutes in 2015, P=0.003; estimated blood loss: 72.9 ml vs. 78.1 ml in 2015, P=0.793). Conclusions: In terms of short-term surgical outcomes, RDG may not surpass LDG after a long-term experience with the technique.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

The gas permeation properties have been studied on carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes prepared by pyrolysis of P84 polyimide under various conditions. P84 polyimide shows high permselectivities (O$_2$/N$_2$= 9.17 and CO$_2$/N$_2$= 35) for various gas pairs and has a good processibility because it is easily soluble in high polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). After pyrolysis under Ar flow, the change in the heating rate was found to affect the gas permeation properties to some extent. The permeabilities of the selected gases were shown to be in the order He ＞ CO$_2$＞ O$_2$＞ N$_2$for all the CMS membranes, whose order was in accordance with the order of kinetic gas diameters. It also revealed that the pyrolysis temperature considerably influenced the gas permeation properties of the CMS membranes derived from P84 polyimide. The CMS membranes pyrolized at 700$\^{C}$ temperature exhibited the highest permeability with relatively targe loss in permselectivity. This means that the pyrolysis temperature should be varied in accordance with target gases to be separated.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2004

The process of removal of gummy proteinous material sericin from silk is commonly called as degumming loss or boil-off loss ratio. In the present study, the boil-off loss ratio in the cocoon shells of twelve multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids and their parents were analysed. Inheritance pattern of boil-off loss ratio was analysed in crosses involving high and low boil-off loss parents, F$_1$s, F$_2$s and back-crosses by parent off spring regression analysis. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis was also analysed for this character, Highly significant (P＞0.01) variations were observed in eight out of ten multivoltine and two out of five bivoltine parents indicating the presence of genetic variation in the expression of boil-off loss ratio. Among F$_1$ hybrids, ten hybrids expressed significant (P＞0.01) variations when compared with control hybrid PM${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Significant negative heterosis was expressed in three multi ${\times}$ bi hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$CSR$_{101}$, 96A${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ and 96C${\times}$CSR$_{19}$, which is desirable for this character, whereas expression of heterobeltiosis was significant only with one hybrid, 96C${\times}$CSR$_{18}$ in desired direction. Studies on inheritance pattern showed that the character is heritable and contribution percentage of female and male in the ratio of 50.9: 49.1 and it appears that both the parents are influencing in the expression of boil-on loss ratio in silkworm. Based on the overall performance and evaluation by multiple trait evaluation index and also considering the expression of the boil-off loss ratio three hybrids vix., BL67 ${\times}$ CSR$_{101}$, 96A${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ and 96C${\times}$CSR$_{18}$ were found superior and recommended for commercial exploitation.n.ion.n.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted in Suwon and Iksan city from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate soil erosion and nutrient loss from irrigated paddy fields during cropping period. Rainfall amount and rainfall erosivity of $EI_{30}$ were, on average, 1,026 mm and $3,922mm\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}hr^{-1}$ for the cropping period, respectively, and the rainfall event with maximum $EI_{30}$ occurred in July. Annual average of runoff was $2,508MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in Suwon and $3,375MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in Iksan, accounting for 36% of rainfall of the cropping period. Nutrient loss by runoff, on average, was $7.0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, $1.3kg\;P\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, and $16.6kg\;K\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$; N, P, and K loss were 5.0, 0.6, and $8.3kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively, in Suwon and 8.9, 1.9, and $16.7kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in Iksan. Soil loss in Korean paddy rice was evaluated as $0.33MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ ranging from $0.05MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ to $0.88MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. Amount of soil loss, however, depended on areas and year influenced by variation of rainfall amount and intensity. Interestingly, soil erosion in Iksan in 2012 was remarkably greater than those in other periods due to heavy rainfall between late May and June with soil flake dispersion right after the rice-planting season.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.904-910
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• 2013

본 연구는 젊은 성인을 대상으로 운동 목적에 따른 영양섭취 실태를 조사하고자 수행되었다. 규칙적으로 운동하고 있는 20~30대 남녀를 대상으로 운동 목적에 따라 근육증가군 107명과 체중감소군 107명을 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 그룹별 성별구성을 분석한 결과, 근육증가군은 주로 남성(75.2%)이 많은 반면 체중감소군은 여성(74.3%)이 많이 분포하고 있었다. BMI 판정결과 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 체중감소군의 절반 이상(56%)이 저체중 또는 정상체중으로 나타났다. 근육증가군의 하루 운동시간 및 규칙적으로 운동한 기간이 체중감소군에 비하여 유의적으로 많았다(p<0.01). 영양지식의 상태는 근육증가군의 점수가 체중 감소군에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 식행동 또한 근육량 증가군의 점수가 체중감소군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 영양섭취 상태를 살펴보면, 한국인영양섭취기준과 비교하였을 때 근육증가군의 에너지 섭취비율이 에너지필요추정량의 83.72%로 체중감소군의 74.53%에 비하여 유의적로 높았다(p<0.01). 권장섭취량에 대한 단백질 섭취비율은 근육증가군이 199.62%, 체중감소군은 136.36%로 나타났으며 근육증가군이 체중감소군에 비해 유의적으로 매우 많은 양을 섭취하고 있었다(p<0.001). 권장섭취량에 대한 칼슘 섭취비율은 근육증가군이 67.75%, 체중감소군은 68.64%로 조사되었으며, 두 군 모두 권장섭취량과 비교하여 매우 부족한 수준으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 근육증가를 목적으로 운동하는 경우 과량의 단백질을 섭취하고 있었으며, 체중감소를 목적으로 운동하는 경우 필요량에 미치지 못하는 에너지 섭취를 하는 것으로 나타났다.