• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 1973

It was discovered that furamizole, one of the nitrofuran derivatives, possesses a strong antibacterial activity upon various organisms. Since then, a number of nitrofuran derivatives have been examined for antibacterial activity. This experiment was carried in vitro to evaluate with regard to antibacterial activity upon Mycoplasma gallisepticum. As a result, furamizole was found to be a good effective compound upon Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Furamizole inhibited the growths of the three strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and two strains of the same species at a concentration of $0.064{\mu}g/mI$. and $0.016{\mu}g/mI$. In short, there were not great differences in sensitivity to furamizole among the five strains tested.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 2005

Adaptive responses to diverse microbial pathogens might be limited in relatively few types. Host cell responses to pathogens are believed to be patterned or stereotyped along with species or class. We tried to compose the host response to Mycoplasma in terms of cellular gene expression. Although gene expression profile of two host HeLa and 293 cells were quite different each other, 30 genes were differentially expressed by mycoplasma infection in both of HeLa and 293 cells. Six of them (PR48, MADH4, MKPX, CRK, RBM7, NEK3) were related to cell cycle or proliferation. Another category of genes like IL1 HY1, KLRF1, TNFSF14, GBP1 were host defense to elicit immune responses. With this set of genes, we establish the prediction model for mycoplasma contamination.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2006

In this study, we describe our newly-developed sensitive two-stage PCR procedure for the detection of 13 common mycoplasmal contaminants (M. arthritidis, M. bovis, M. fermentans, M. genitalium, M. hominis, M. hyorhinis, M. neurolyticum, M. orale, M. pirum, M. pneumoniae, M. pulmonis, M. salivarium, U. urealyticum). For primary amplification, the DNA regions encompassing the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of 13 species were targeted using general mycoplasma primers. The primary PCR products were then subjected to secondary nested PCR, using two different primer pair sets, designed via the multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences obtained from the 13 mycoplasmal species. The nested PCR, which generated DNA fragments of 165-353 bp, was found to be able to detect 1-2 copies of the target DNA, and evidenced no cross-reactivity with the generated DNA of related microorganisms or of human cell lines, thereby confirming the sensitivity and specificity of the primers used. The identification of contaminated species was' achieved via the performance of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) coupled with Sau3AI digestion. The results obtained in this study furnish evidence suggesting that the employed assay system constitutes an effective tool for the disagnosis of mycoplasmal contamination in cell culture systems.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 1996

Mycoplasmas have long been suspected of contributing to involuntary infertility in couples. However considerable disagreement exits concerning the role of genital mycoplasma infection in human infertility. Several investigators have noted abnormalities in the semen analysis of men with positive mycoplasma cultures, and early epidemiologic studies indicated that Ureaplasma urealyticum was linked to human reproductive failure on the basis of higher frequencies of isolation from infertile versus fertile couples and successful pregnancies in infertile couples after doxycycline therapy. However, subsequent investigators have questioned these findings because there are many studies in which treatment for mycoplasma in the male or female did not demonstrate an improved pregnancy rate, and semen samples from unexplained infertile men containing ureaplasmas have not revealed poorer motility, fewer spermatozoa and more aberrant forms. The objective of this study were to investigate the incidence rate of mycoplasma in semen and to investigate whether the presence of mycoplasma in semen makes significant difference to the semen volume, sperm motility and sperm counts. The results were that the rate of isolation of mycoplasma species was 70.3%. Semen volume is $2.84{\pm}1.01ml$ for culture negative and $3.15{\pm}1.42ml$ for culture positive group. Sperm motility is $46.23{\pm}15.80%$ for culture negative and $50.09{\pm}15.69%$ for culture positive group, and sperm count is $95.47{\pm}47.14({\times}(P)10^6/ml)$ for culture negative and $86.73{\pm}47.59({\times}10^6/ml)$ for culture positive group. In conclusion, we suggest that the presence of mycoplasma in semen makes no significant differences to the sperm parameters.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2005

We evaluated the PCR assay and two commercialized PCR kits for the detection of mycoplasma in veterinary via live vaccines. The PCR assay could specifically detect all the tested Mycoplasma spp. and Acholeplasma spp., whereas two commercialized PCR kits did not. Also, the specificity of the PCR assay showed that 4 reference strains and 7 field isolates belonging to avian mycoplasma species could be all detected. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was determined using pure cultured Mycoplasma spp. and Acholeplasma spp. with a range of 1 to 100 colony forming units/ml in 9 CFR Mycoplasma broth. To test the availability of the PCR assay for veterinary live viral vaccines, A. laidlawii was artificially inoculated into the swine transmissible gastroenteritis-rota virus combined vaccine and canine parvovirus vaccine, respectively and the sensitivity of the PCR assay was similar with the result of cultured samples. In this study, the PCR assays could be used as rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of mycoplasma in veterinary live viral vaccines.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.645-652
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate Mycoplasma (M) spp. infection status of dairy cow in South Korea. Among 8,485 bulk tank milk collected from dairy farms of the 5 areas, 26 samples (0.30%) were positive for Mycoplasma by direct culture method. The isolation rates of Mycoplasma spp. according to the areas were 0.51% in Kyonggi, 0.16% in Cholla, 0.23% in Gyoungsang, 0.12% in Chungchong, and 0.08% in Kangwon. In the species identification test by indirect immunoperoxidase test, 16 out of 26 isolates were identified as M bovis (61.53%), M bovigenitalium (23.07%), M californicum (7.69%), M alkalescens and Acholeplasma laidlawii (3.84%), respectively. The isolation rate of Mycoplasma spp. from 208 quarter milk samples in culling cows due to severe clinical mastitis was 3.0%. These Mycoplasma spp. were identified as M bovis (62.0%), M bovigenitalium (12.0%), M californicaum (12.0%), and M alkalescens (12.0%). This study shows that the bovine mammary gland infected by Mycoplasma spp. is present in some dairy farms and the routine culture test of bulk tank milk samples for Mycoplasma is needed for a high quality milk promotion services.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2019

Various factors negatively affect poultry production, including a multitude of avian pathogens. Among them, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) cause world-wide economic losses in the poultry industry. Although respectively, MG and MS induce chronic respiratory disease and synovitis in poultry, these pathogens often manifest as clinically inapparent infections and many countries are therefore having difficulties effectively eradicating them. In this study, five broiler breeder farms in Korea were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma infection from 2016 to 2018. Serum samples were collected for detection of antibodies to mycoplasma species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Additionally, the production index and feed conversion rate of broilers were recorded. According to this investigation, broiler breeder farms in 2018 were serologically negative for Mycoplasma infection with broilers exhibiting a high production index and low feed conversion rate. Thus, eradicating mycoplasma in poultry farms is critical for improving chick quality and overall poultry production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.225-229
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• 2002

We report that mycoplasma organisms from lung tissues of slaughter pigs were identified to genes fragments with references use of nested-PCR technique(nPCR). Seven strains of mycoplasma species were isolated from 70 lung tissues. The organisms were detected by in vitro amplification of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Nucleotide sequences of the spacer between 16S and 23S in the ribosomal RNA operons of mycoplasma were identified by the analysis of products from the nested PCR. Four common PCR primers, MhF1, MhF2 MhR1 and MhR2, were designed by analysis between these sequences by first amplified with F1, R1 and second with F2, R2, respectively. Specific amplification of the spacer region for reference strains of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. flocculare were confirmed by first round of PCR in which the traduced fragments of 690bp, 460bp, 630bp. But amplications of second round was changed to 240bp, 210bp, 230bp, respectively. Three different strains (M. hyopneumoniae:4, M. hyorhinis:2, M. flocculare:1) were detected by the nested-PCR technique. The results suggest that the detection of swine mycoplasma by n-PCR can be analyzed the nucleotide sequences between rRNA operons and homology study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2009

An oligonucleotide array was developed to detect and genotype mollicutes based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. The results of the assay were compared with those of a PCR-RFLP assay. The proposed oligonucleotide array containing 5 genus- and 23 species-specific probes was able to detect Mycoplasma species, including M. penetrans and M. spermatophilum, that were not detected by the PCR-RFLP assay. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the proposed oligonucleotide array was effective for the detection and discrimination of 23 species, including an acholeplasma, 21 mycoplasmas, and a ureaplasma, and showed promise as a countermeasure to ensure that biological products are safe and of good quality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.636-642
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• 1998

The frequency of fulminant peumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is relatively rare despite the high prevalence of Mycoplasma species infection in the general population. We report a case of mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with severe ARDS, overt hemolytic anemia and hepatitis. He had high titers of antimycoplasma antibody and cold agglutinin. Despite erythromycin administration, the pneumonic infiltration on chest radiography was not resolved, and mechanical ventilation was needed for 16 days. During the therapeutic course, his hemoglobin decreased. After the administration of prednisolone, his hemoglobin increased and pneumonic infiltration was totally resolved. He had a progressively favorable course and could be discharged in relatively good clinical condition.