• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

Music copyright began in 1850 in France and, unlike other copyrighted works such as architecture or arts, which are based on visual conditions, copyrighted music is based the on trends of the times. The appropriate range of protection for musical works is not the entire music, but the part that is determined to be a creative expression deduced from the analysis of the musical structure. Concerning the issue of plagiarism in popular music, the determination of creativity plays an important role in whether a piece of music encroaches on the original copyrighted works or not. However, determining whether a work is an element of a previously copyrighted work should be achieved through a consensus formed by members of the relevant industry and academia rather than the court. The purpose of this study is to classify the creative and non-creative elements of popular music, in order to create a classification that can enable musical creators to provide a consensus on the elements of creative expression.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.868-876
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• 2016

MUSIC (multiple signal classification) algorithm is a representative algorithm estimating the angle of arrival using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Generally, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained through the eigen-analysis, but this analysis requires high computational complexity and late convergence time. For this reason, it is almost impossible to construct the real-time system with low-cost using this approach. Even though QR iteration is considered as the eigen-analysis approach to improve these problems, this is inappropriate to apply to the MUSIC algorithm. In this paper, we analyze the problems of conventional method based on the eigenvalues for convergence decision and propose the improved decision algorithm using the eigenvectors.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.833-838
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• 2012

TDOA which is one of the position estimation methods is used on indoor positioning, jammer localization, rescue of life, etc. due to high accuracy and simple structure. This paper proposes the super-resolution TDOA estimator using MPM(Matrix Pencil Method). The proposed estimator has more accuracy and is applicable to narrowband signal compared with the conventional cross-correlation. Furthermore, its complexity is low because obtained data directly is used for construction of matrix unlike the MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification) which is one of the well-known super-resolution estimator using covariance matrix. To validate the performance of proposed estimator, errors of estimation and computational burden is compared to MUSIC through software simulation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.147-170
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• 2001

This study intends to 1)conform the possibility to transform the enumerated scheme into the faceted scheme, 2)review general theories on facet structure employed in DDC 780, and 3) analyze the facet structure of music. Findings are 1) The facet structure of DDC synthesize the standard subdivisions or specific facet indicators with basic facet. 2) facet indicator 0 is in use to indicate standard subdivision or general principle of music. and facet indicator 1 to general principles and musical forms. DDC has transformed the entire system into the facet structure through its revisions. Especially the music transformed into the facet structure employes the facet indicators and applies them to all the systems in music. But the notation have sometimes twofold meanings, and no ability to differentiate the meanings in the same notation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

The Multistage Feature-based Classification Model(MFCM) is proposed in this paper. MFCM does not use whole feature vectors extracted from the original data at once to classify each data, but use only groups related to each feature vector to classify separately. In the training stage, the contribution rate calculated from each feature vector group is drew throughout the accuracy of each feature vector group and then, in the testing stage, the final classification result is obtained by applying weights corresponding to the contribution rate of each feature vector group. In this paper, the proposed MFCM algorithm is applied to the problem of music genre classification. The results demonstrate that the proposed MFCM outperforms conventional algorithms by 7% - 13% on average in terms of classification accuracy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.76-83
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• 2006

A main objective of audio equalizer is for user to tailor acoustic frequency response to increase sound comfort and example applications of audio equalizer includes large-scale audio system to portable audio such as mobile MP3 player. Up to now, all the audio equalizer requires manual setting to equalize frequency bands to create suitable sound quality for each genre of music. In this paper, we propose an intelligent audio graphic equalizer system that automatically classifies the music genre using music content analysis and then the music sound is boosted with the given frequency gains according to the classified musical genre when playback. In order to reproduce comfort sound, the musical genre is determined based on two-step hierarchical algorithm - coarse-level and fine-level classification. It can prevent annoying sound reproduction due to the sudden change of the equalizer gains at the beginning of the music playback. Each stage of the music classification experiments shows at least 80% of success with complete genre classification and equalizer operation within 2 sec. Simple S/W graphical user interface of 3-band automatic equalizer is implemented using visual C on personal computer.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed the content-based music information retrieval technique using some MPEG-7 low-level descriptors. Especially, pitch information and timbral features can be applied in music genre classification, music retrieval, or QBH(Query By Humming) because these can be modeling the stochasticpattern or timbral information of music signal. In this work, we restricted the music domain as O.S.T of movie or soap opera to apply broadcasting system. That is, the user can retrievalthe information of the unknown music using only an audio clip with a few seconds extracted from video content when background music sound greeted user's ear. We proposed the audio feature set organized by MPEG-7 descriptors and distance function by vector distance or ratio computation. Thus, we observed that the feature set organized by pitch information is superior to timbral spectral feature set and IFCR(Intra-Feature Component Ratio) is better than ED(Euclidean Distance) as a vector distance function. To evaluate music recognition, k-NN is used as a classifier

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.879-885
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• 2004

This paper describes an adaptive signal processing of digital receiver with digital down convertor(DDC). DDC is composed of numerically controlled oscillator(NCO) and digital low pass filler and the received signal is processed by numerical algorithm. The simulation results of digital receiver using the passband sampling technique are presented and we confirmed that the received low IF signal is converted to zero IF by numerically processed DDC. Direction of arrival(DOA) estimation technique using multiple signal classification(MUSIC) algorithm with high resolution is also discussed. We knew that an accurate resolution of DOA depends on the input sampling numbers and antenna element numbers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.89-94
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• 2022

This paper proposes a computationally efficient 2-D direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method with a uniform rectangular array (URA). This method is called the direct signal-based method in the sense that it is based directly on the phase relationships among the signals arriving at each antenna of an antenna array rather than their correlation matrix. According to the simulation results, it has be shown that the direct signal-based method, with much less computations than any existing methods, yields the performance comparable to that of the MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) method in terms of the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and the maximum absolute error.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.370.1-370
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• 2002

A method using beamforming has been developed to measure absorption coefncient of oblique incidence. MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification) method detects the angle of incidence and reflection. And beamforming method separates the incident and reflected wave. And spatial smoothing technique is used to reduce the coherence between the incident and reflected wave. The test material were modeled as a locally reacting surface. Numerical and experiment results are performed to verify the performance of proposed method.