• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was first to develop a Korean version of pediatric functional muscle testing for children with a motor developmental disorder who have a communication problem and who are aged below five years, and also to verify the content validity. METHODS: First, the preliminary study was conducted to verify the reliability of pediatric functional muscle testing, developed by Venita in Korea. Based on the results of the study, the primary evaluation items were selected and modified. Second, the first test of content validity was conducted through a panel discussion, and a second investigation of content validity was carried out by utilizing the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI). In this study, we selected only 0.78 or more items from I-CVI. RESULTS: Based on the results of the preliminary study, 19 primary evaluation items were selected. Based on the results of the first and second content validity tests, 15 tertiary evaluation items for the Korean version of pediatric functional muscle testing were determined. CONCLUSION: This study developed a new Korean version of pediatric functional muscle testing and suggested that it will be a useful tool to measure muscle strength for Korean children with a motor developmental disorder and a communication problem, aged below five years.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2014

This paper surveys improvement characteristics in muscle fatigue with bio-activity material imbedded fabric. For this purpose, the subjects wear the garment which is covered by bio-activity materials all over every day during 2 weeks of experimental period. After 2 weeks period, VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) index evaluation regarding muscle fatigue and pain has been conducted in comparison between before wearing and after so that we can evaluate the effect on muscle fatigue improvement. The effectiveness survey for testing products consists of improvement on krunkle, muscle fatigue and exercise capacity. As a result, 100% of test subject group completes a questionnaire with positive answer as above normal in every question. In addition the preference of testing products is researched in wearing comfort, activity and convenience. And it is marked above normal by 100% of test subject group as well. Moreover any kind of unusual skin reaction has not been detected in safety evaluation. Therefore this testing products is being judged as a beneficent product for improvement on muscle fatigue without any skin irritation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Purpose: To measure the cervical isometric force generation capacity of men and women, IsoTract was used. Also the aim of this study was to compare manual muscle testing with isometric muscle strength in women. Methods: Forty seven healthy subjects(25 men, 22 women; age range, 18-29) were recruited in two sessions, one for flexion and the other extension. The cervical strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Cervical isometric strength was found to be measure for flexion(27.78 Ibs maximum and 24.52 Ibs average) and extension(33.22 Ibs maximum and 29.90 Ibs average) in mans. And isometic muscle strength for women exerted significantly higher in the grade 4 over than in the grade 3 in women. Conclusion: We concluded that there were difference in isometric muscle strength for the grade of manual muscle testing. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

Objectives : The object of this study is to report a clinical effect of oriental medical treatments lot chronic muscle weakness caused by herniated intervertbral lumbar disc. Methods : The patient was diagnosed as lumbar disc herniation, and was treated by conservative treatments including acupunture, herbal mixture, pharmacopuncture. And we measured Visual Analog Score(VAS), Walking time and Manual Muscle testing(MMT). Results : After treatments, Visual Analog Score, Walking time and Manual Muscle testing(MMT) were improved in case. Conclusions : Chronic Muscle weakness caused by lumbar disc herniation can be improved by conservative maneuver as to oriental medical method.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2009

본 연구는 뇌졸중 후 상지기능의 관련 요인과 각 요인의 상대적 영향력을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. MMSE-K(Mini Mental State Examination Korean version) 24점 이상인 100명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 상지기능은 성별, 우세손, 뇌손상 원인, 뇌반구 손상부위, 신체마비 부위, 언어장애 유무와는 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 아탈구 유무는 상지기능에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 상지기능은 상지근력(Manual Muscle Testing), 고유수용성감각(Proprioception), 근 긴장도 (Modified Ashworth Scale), 장악력(Grip strength), 통증(Visual Analog Scale)과 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 위의 변수를 모두 포함하여 분석하면 77.6%의 상지기능 설명력을 보였고 이 중 상지근력이 가장 높은 설명력을 보였다. 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 재활을 위해서는 특히 상지근력 강화와 더불어 고유수용성감각, 근 긴장도, 장악력, 통증 그리고 아탈구 유무의 관련 요인들을 포괄적으로 중재에 포함시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.344-350
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• 2017

Bronchial asthma is a disease characterized by the condition of airway hyper-responsiveness, which serves to produce narrowing of the airway secondary to airway inflammation and/or various spasm-inducing stimulus. Nonspecific bronchoprovocation testing is an important method implemented for the purpose of diagnosing asthma; this test measures the actual degree of airway hyper-responsiveness and utilizes direct and indirect bronchoprovocation testing. Direct bronchoprovocation testing using methacholine or histamine may have superior sensitivity as these substances directly stimulate the airway smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, this method also engenders the specific disadvantage of relatively low specificity. Indirect bronchoprovocation testing using mannitol, exercise, hypertonic saline, adenosine and hyperventilation serves to produce reactions in the airway smooth muscle cells by liberating mediators with stimulation of airway inflammatory cells. Therefore, this method has the advantage of high specificity and also demonstrates relatively low sensitivity. Direct and indirect testing both call for very precise descriptions of very specific measurement conditions. In addition, it has become evident that challenge testing utilizing each of the various bronchoconstrictor stimuli requires distinct and specific protocols. It is therefore important that the clinician understand the mechanism by which the most commonly used bronchoprovocation testing works. It is important that the clinician understand the mechanism of action in the testing, whether direct stimuli (methacholine) or indirect stimuli (mannitol, exercise) is implemented, when the testing is performed and the results interpreted.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare electromyography (EMG) activity for the middle and lower trapezius muscle according to various shoulder abduction angles. Thirty healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. Each subject performed three repetitions of horizontal abduction at $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $125^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$, and $180^{\circ}$ of shoulder abduction angle in a prone position. Surface EMG activity was recorded from the middle and lower trapezius while the subjects held for five seconds at a predetermined position. The EMG activity was normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) elicited using a manual muscle testing technique. A repeatedly measured ANOVA was performed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. The EMG activity of the middle and lower trapezius was significantly different among shoulder abduction angles (p<.05). The greatest level of muscle activity for the middle and lower trapezius were demonstrated at $90^{\circ}$ and $160^{\circ}$ of shoulder abduction angle, respectively. These results suggest that middle and lower trapezius strengthening exercise and manual muscle testing should be performed at different shoulder abduction angles.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate intra-rater reliability and determine the validity of electromyography (EMG) measurements to represent muscle activity and ultrasonography (US) to represent muscle thickness during manual muscle testing (MMT) to external abdominal oblique (EO) and lumbar multifidus (MF). Twenty healthy subjects were recruited for this study and asked to perform MMT at differing levels. The subjects' muscle activity using EMG was measured by a ratio to maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and root mean square (RMS) methods. The subjects' muscle thickness using US was measured by raw muscle thickness and change ratio of thickness to maximum (MVC) or resting condition. In three trials, measurements were performed on each subject by one examiner. The intra-rater reliability of measurements of EMG and US to EO and MF was calculated using intra-class coefficients. The intra-rater reliability of all measurements was excellent (ICC=.75~.98) in EMG and US. The conduct validity was calculated by one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements to compare whether the EMG and US measurements were different between MMT at different levels. There was only a significant difference between all grades at %MVC thickness measurement of US. These results suggest that a %MVC thickness measurement of US was a more sensitive and discriminate in all manual muscle testing grades. This information will be useful for the selection of US measurement and analysis methods in clinics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.1295-1299
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• 2008

Inherited muscle diseases are heterogeneous with varying genetic etiologies and present with common symptoms and signs, including weakness, motor developmental delay, and hypotonia. To diagnose these various diseases, a meticulous family and clinical history, physical and neurological examinations, laboratory findings with electromyography, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing are needed. Here, I review several inherited muscle diseases, with a focus on muscular dystrophy in children and its genetics and general management.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement of manual muscle testing (MMT) and test-retest reliability of a hand held dynamometer for the posterior gluteus medius muscle, with and without lumbar stabilization, using a pressure biofeedback unit for patients with low back pain. The pressure biofeedback unit was used to minimize the substitute motion of the lumbopelvic region during hip abduction in patients lying on their side. Fifteen patients with low back pain participated in this study. A tester determined the MMT grades of the posterior gluteus medius with and without the pressure biofeedback unit. Active hip abduction range of motion with an inclinometer and the strength of their posterior gluteus medius using a hand held dynamometer were measured with and without the pressure biofeedback unit in the MMT position. The agreement of the grade of muscle strength in the MMT, and intra-rater reliability of both the active hip abduction range of motion and the strength of posterior gluteus medius were analyzed using the weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The agreement of MMT with the pressure biofeedback unit (weighted kappa=.92) was higher than the MMT (weighted kappa=.34)(p<.05). The inclinometer with pressure biofeedback unit measurement of the active hip abduction range of motion had an excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC=.90). Also, the hand held dynamometer with pressure biofeedback unit measure of strength of the posterior gluteus medius had a good intra-rater reliability (ICC=.85). Therefore, the test for muscle strength with pressure biofeedback unit will be a reliable method for the determination of the MMT grades or amount of posterior gluteus medius muscle strength and the measurement of the range of motion for hip abduction in patients with low back pain.