• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.343-347
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• 1994

한우 7두를 일반적인 방법으로 도축하여 45분 이내에 400V/60Hz와 110V/60Hz에서 각각 1분간 고전압 및 저전압 전기자극후 각각의 전기자극 처리구와 대조구에서 M. Semitendinosus을 취하여 $5^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 3일간 저장하며 핵산 관련물질 함량을 조사하였다. 전기자극 처리 직후 근육내의 해당작용이 가속화되어 Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine diphosphate 및 Inosine monophosphate 함량에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), 저전압 처리구는 고전압 처리구에 비하여 아데노신화합물의 분해와 이노신 화합물의 생성이 지연되었다. 전기자극후 저장시간이 경과함에 따라 전기자극이 육질에 미치는 영향은 감소되고 저장온도의 영향이 증가되었으며 48시간 후에는 저장온도가 ATP 분해산물인 이노신산 화합물의 함량변화에 미치는 영향이 전기자극에 의한 것보다 커지고 Hypoxanthine 함량은 저장온도의 차이에 의해서만 유의차가 나타났다. 도살 후 72시간까지 고전압 전기자극 처리구와 $15^{\circ}C$로 저장한 저전압 전기자극 처리구의 이노신산 화합물 합량이 대조구에 비해 높게 나타나(p<0.05), 전기자극이 우육의 풍미성분의 생성을 촉진한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2015

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian $NAD^+$-dependent protein deacetylase that regulates cellular metabolism and inflammatory response. The organ-specific deletion of SIRT1 induces local inflammation and insulin resistance in dietary and genetic obesity. Macrophage-mediated inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, however, the macrophage-specific SIRT1 function in the context of obesity is largely unknown. C57/BL6 wild type (WT) or myeloid-specific SIRT1 knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters and markers of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in liver were compared in WT and KO mice. SIRT1 deletion enhanced HFD-induced changes on body and liver weight gain, and increased glucose and insulin resistance. In liver, SIRT1 deletion increased the acetylation, and enhanced HFD-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), hepatic inflammation and macrophage infiltration. HFD-fed KO mice showed severe hepatic steatosis by activating lipogenic pathway through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and hepatic fibrogenesis, as indicated by induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA), and collagen secretion. Myeloid-specific deletion of SIRT1 stimulates obesity-induced inflammation and increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis. Targeted induction of macrophage SIRT1 may be a good therapy for alleviating inflammation-associated metabolic syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in various cells, including vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and regulate ion channel functions. $K_{Ca}3.1$ plays an important role in endothelial functions. However, the effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals on the expression of this ion channel in the endothelium remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of ROS donors on $K_{Ca}3.1$ expression and the $K^+$ current in primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The hydrogen peroxide donor, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), upregulated $K_{Ca}3.1$ expression, while the superoxide donors, xanthine/xanthine oxidase mixture (X/XO) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), downregulated its expression, in a concentration-dependent manner. These ROS donor effects were prevented by antioxidants or superoxide dismustase. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) was upregulated by TBHP and downregulated by X/XO. In addition, repressor element-1-silencing transcription factor (REST) was downregulated by TBHP, and upregulated by X/XO. Furthermore, $K_{Ca}3.1$ current, which was activated by clamping cells with 1 ${\mu}M$ $Ca^{2+}$ and applying the $K_{Ca}3.1$ activator 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone, was further augmented by TBHP, and inhibited by X/XO. These effects were prevented by antioxidants. The results suggest that hydrogen peroxide increases $K_{Ca}3.1$ expression by upregulating pERK and downregulating REST, and augments the $K^+$ current. On the other hand, superoxide reduces $K_{Ca}3.1$ expression by downregulating pERK and upregulating REST, and inhibits the $K^+$ current. ROS thereby play a key role in both physiological and pathological processes in endothelial cells by regulating $K_{Ca}3.1$ and endothelial function.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of walking on a treadmill while using dynamic functional electrical stimulation (Dynamic FES) on functional ability and gait in chronic stroke patients. This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. Twelve patients with chronic stroke (>24 months) who were under grade 3 in dorsiflexor strength with manual muscle test were included and randomized into intervention (Dynamic FES) ($n_1$=7) and control (FES) ($n_2$=5). Both the Dynamic FES group and FES group were given a neuromuscular development treatment. The Dynamic FES group has implemented a total of 60 minutes of exercise treatment and gait training with Dynamic FES application. The FES group, with the addition of applying FES while sitting, has also implemented a total of 90 minutes of gait training on treadmill after the exercise treatment. Both two groups accomplished the program, twice a week, for a total of 24 times in a 12-week period. Exercise treatment, gait training on treadmill, and both Dynamic FES and FES were implemented for 30 minutes each. Korean version activities-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC) was measured to determine self-efficacy in balance function. Timed up and go (TUG) test was performed to evaluate the physical performance. K-ABC, TUG, Berg balance scale (BBS), modified physical performance test (mPPT) and G-walk were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, statistically significant differences (p<.05) were apparent in the Dynamic FES group in the changes in K-ABC and BBS. mPPT, TUG, gait speed, stride length and stance phase duration (%) were compared with the FES group. K-ABC had higher correlation to BBS, along with mPPT to TUG. Our results suggest that walking with Dynamic FES in chronic stroke patients may be beneficial for improving their balance confidence, functional ability and gait.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2008

Objectives : Oriental Medicine Music Therapy is a new way of treating and preventing various diseases and promoting health by means of music specially picked and designed to produce Qi(氣) fitting to an individual person in the areas of the structure of human body, physiological function, pathological change, diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it can facilitate the efficiency of the treatment much better and faster than only with herb or acupuncture. Equilibrium between body and mind is its originality. Methods : A 38-year old man came to hospital suffering from left side weakness, dysarthria because of cerebral infarction. After one week's medication in the part of neurology, he was sent to the oriental medicine music therapy center, and he took ten times' medical treatments once a day. Before and after the treatments, implementing 'Ink foot print analysis', as for the movement capacity and walking of left side weakness, these results are acquired. Results and Conclusions : 1. Before the oriental medicine music therapy, except the acceleration and deceleration section, within three meters, a right foot's step was measured 30.55 cm and a left foot was measured 15.2 cm, and the step distance was 15.2 cm. After the 10 times treatments, the right foot's step was 112.6 cm, the left foot's step was 113 cm, and the step distance improved to 51.8 cm. 2. The normal person's average step is about 38 cm, and it could be decreased owing to a decreptitude, pain, fatigue, and the weakness of the legs. In spite of all, from the increased 50 cm step measurement with the patient's body condition, it means that his movement capacity is recovered. 3. In the measurement of walking time, before 10 times treatments, it took 46.35 seconds within 6M, but after the treatments, it increased to 7.47 seconds as same as a normal person's walking speed. 4. In insomnia, and the abnormality of a facial muscle, it shows lots of improvement, and even the accuracy of a pronunciation, but despite of the 10 times treatments, the 'ㄹ(r)' sound placed under a vowel is unclear. 5. Before the 10 times' treatments, he can move the left side shoulder with pain and cannot move below the left elbow. After the treatments, the pain was disappeared, and he was able to move over 60 cm without pain. And improving of the movement of fingers, he can beat over 8 times with a drumstick.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) as a re-do operation in patients who failed initial repair of anorectal malformation. Nine patients (4 boys and 5 girls) who had previous failed surgery for anorectal malformation underwent secondary operations through posterior sagittal approach. The main reasons of surgery were constipation (n=3) and persistent anatomical derangement in spite of previous correction surgery (n=6). In addition to constipation, the former group (n=3) had various anatomical defects, and the latter group (n=6), of course, had constipation in some degrees. Patients ranged in age from 2 to 19 years (median 3 years) with only one over the age of 6 years. The primary procedures included PSARP (n=8) and anoplasty (n=1). The rectum was mobilized from surrounding structures through posterior sagittal approach and anatomical defects were corrected. The rectum underwent reconstruction, which involved relocation of the rectum and anus within the limits of the intact muscle complex. Patients underwent follow-up for periods ranging from 6 to 77 months (mean 37 months) after surgery. Anatomical corrections of all the defects were successfully fulfilled in 9 patients. All the patients were satisfied with the functional results after redo-PSARP compared with the preoperative defecatory function. This study suggests that (1) some of the patients with troublesome constipation may have anatomical defects, prominent or hidden, (2) surgeons should suspect the possibility of anatomical defect as the cause of incontinence and (3) preoperative thorough investigation to reveal the anatomical defects should be included in estimating patients with severe incontinence after previous surgery and planning the correction for failed previous surgery as well.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

본 논문은 뇌병변장애인의 일상생활을 위한 맞춤형 보조기구 설계 제작 적용 사례연구로 대구광역시보조기구센터 장애인 보조기구 사례관리 시범사업의 2010년 일상생활영역의 맞춤 서비스 사례 중 2명을 대상으로 2010년 10월 18일부터 11월 17일까지 1개월간 진행되었다. 대상자 A는 47세 뇌병변장애인으로 양하지의 근력과 기능이 많이 저하되어 바닥에서만 생활하며 스스로 변기에 올라 앉아 배변활동을 할 수 없었다. 이에 대상자 A에게 이동식 좌변기와 맞춤 경사로를 설계 제작하여 상지의 잔존근력으로 경사로를 올라가서 이동식 좌변기에 스스로 앉아 배변활동을 할 수 있도록 적용하였다. 대상자 B는 8세 뇌병변장애인으로 손 기능이 저하되어 스스로 식사를 할 수 없었다. 기존에 나와 있는 여러 가지 식사보조도구들을 1차 적용하였으나 대상자에게 적합하지 않아 대상자 의 관절가동범위(ROM)와 손 크기를 고려하여 맞춤으로 식사보조도구를 설계 제작하였고, 작업치료와 연계하여 지속적인 훈련을 통해 향후 스스로 식사를 할 수 있도록 적용하였다. 대상자 A와 대상자 B는 기존에 나와 있는 제품의 적용이나 개조가 접근할 수 없는 사례였음으로 대상자에게 맞춤형으로 설계 제작되어 적용되었다. 본 사례연구를 통해 맞춤형 보조도구의 설계 제작 서비스의 대한 중요성과 필요성을 인식할 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop management guidelines and a procedure for an anthropometric suitability assessment of the main control room (MCR) in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Background: The condition of the MCR should be suitable for the work crews in NPPs. The suitability of the MCR depends closely on the anthropometric dimensions and ergonomic factors of the users. In particular, the MCR workspace design in NPPs is important due to the close relationship with operating crews and their work failures. Many documents and criteria have recommended that anthropometry dimensions and their studies are one of the foremost processes of the MCR design in NPPs. If these factors are not properly considered, users can feel burdened about their work and the human errors that might occur. Method: The procedure for the anthropometric suitability assessment consists of 5 phases: 1) selection of the anthropometric suitability evaluation dimensions, 2) establishment of a measurement method according to the evaluation dimensions, 3) establishment of criteria for suitability evaluation dimensions, 4) establishment of rating scale and improvement methods according to the evaluation dimensions, and 5) assessment of the final grade for evaluation dimensions. The management guidelines for an anthropometric suitability assessment were completed using 10 factors: 1) director, 2) subject, 3) evaluation period, 4) measurement method and criteria, 5) selection of equipment, 6) measurement and evaluation, 7) suitability evaluation, 8) data sharing, 9) data storage, and 10) management according to the suitability grade. Results: We propose a set of 17 anthropometric dimensions for the size, cognition/perception action/behavior, and their relationships with human errors regarding the MCR design variables through a case study. The 17 selected dimensions are height, sitting height, eye height from floor, eye height above seat, arm length, functional reach, extended functional reach, radius reach, visual field, peripheral perception, hyperopia/myopia/astigmatism, color blindness, auditory acuity, finger dexterity, hand function, body angle, and manual muscle test. We proposed criteria on these 17 anthropometric dimensions for a suitability evaluation and suggested an improvement method according to the evaluation dimensions. Conclusion: The results of this study can improve the human performance of the crew in an MCR. These management guidelines and a procedure for an anthropometric suitability assessment will be able to prevent human errors due to inadequate anthropometric dimensions. Application: The proposed set of anthropometric dimensions can be integrated into a managerial index for the anthropometric suitability of the operating crews for more careful countermeasures to human errors in NPPs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of the combination with Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), Gastrodia Rhizoma (Gastrodia elata Blume) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg) on metabolic disorders including cholesterol and erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemia rats.Methods : Animals were divided into six groups; Control with normal diet, high fat/cholesterol-diet (HFCD), fluvastatin, Korean Red Ginseng treated (KRG), and the combination treated (Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori Radix; 1:1:1 for KGP1 and 2:1:1 for KGP2). The experimental groups initially received HFCD for 10 weeks and then treated orally with fluvastatin, KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 during the final 6 weeks. Erectile function was determined by the measurements of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and maximal arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve.Results : KGP2 decreased the level of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the sera of HFCD rats without no changes of body weights. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 decreased the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels except of fluvastatin, synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 significantly increased the ICP, ICP/MAP ratio, area under the curve (AUC) compared with those of normal rat. Morphometric analyses showed that KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 increased the volume of smooth muscle and the regular arrangement of collagen fibers in corpus cavernosum of HFCD rats. The penile expression of eNOS was increased by KRG, KGP1 and KGP2.Conclusions : Based on these results, we suggest that the combination with Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori may improve hyperlipidemia through regulating the lipid profiles and erectile dysfunction in rats.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

야관문에서 추출한 n-hexane층을 음경해면체 평활근의 활성물질 탐색한 결과 극성 별로 분리한 9개 모든 시료에서 정도의 차이는 있으나 음경해면체 평활근의 이완 반응을 일으켰으며, 추출물 $10{\mu}l$ 투여한 9개 시료 중 A시료($20.2{\pm}6.0%$) 가 최고의 이완 반응을 보였으며, $15{\mu}l$를 투여한 시료 중에서는 J시료($54.8{\pm}9.7%$)가 최고의 이완 반응이 나타났다. 한편 야관문 추출물의 농도를 제일 많은량 $20{\mu}l$를 투여한 시료들 중에서는 H시료와 J시료가 95% 이상의 높은 이완 반응을 보였다. 시료중 최고 활성을 나타난 시료 H를 prep-HPLC 및 분석용 HPLC를 이용, YK-H1, YK-H2, YK-H3 및 YK-H4등 4개의 물질을 분리하였으며, 또한 시료 J를 prep-HPLC 및 분석용 HPLC를 이용하여 YK-J1, YK-J3 및 YK-J4등 세 개의 물질을 분리하였다. 분리된 7개의 물질들의 구조 결정에 대한 연구를 진행하고 있다.