• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

PURPOSES : We propose a parameter-setting-free harmony-search (PSF-HS) algorithm to determine the individual sound power levels of noise sources in the cases of industrial or road noise environment. METHODS :In terms of using methods, we use PSF-HS algorithm because the optimization parameters cannot be fixed through finding the global minimum. RESULTS:We found that the main advantage of the PSF-HS heuristic algorithm is its ability to find the best global solution of individual sound power levels through a nonlinear complex function, even though the parameters of the original harmony-search (HS) algorithm are not fixed. In an industrial and road environment, high noise exposure is harmful, and can cause nonauditory effects that endanger worker and passenger safety. This study proposes the PSF-HS algorithm for determining the PWL of an individual machine (or vehicle), which is a useful technique for industrial (or road) engineers to identify the dominant noise source in the workplace (or road field testing case). CONCLUSIONS : This study focuses on providing an efficient method to determine sound power levels (PWLs) and the dominant noise source while multiple machines (or vehicles) are operating, for comparison with the results of previous research. This paper can extend the state-of-the-art in a heuristic search algorithm to determine the individual PWLs of machines as well as loud machines (or vehicles), based on the parameter-setting-free harmony-search (PSF-HS) algorithm. This algorithm can be applied into determining the dominant noise sources of several vehicles in the cases of road cross sections and congested housing complex.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.514-521
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• 2017

This paper proposes a shadowing compensation method for the solar modules of grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems. The shadowing compensator (SC) implemented by the proposed shadowing compensation method is used only for the solar modules that can be shaded by predictable sources of shading. The proposed SC can simplify both the power circuit and the control circuit as well as improve power efficiency and utilizes a voltage equalizer configured by a modified multi-winding fly-back converter. The proposed SC harvests energy from the entire solar cell array to compensate for the shaded sub-modules of the solar cell array, producing near-identical voltages of all shaded and un-shaded sub-modules in the solar cell array. This setup prevents the formation of multiple peaks in the P-V curve under shaded conditions. Hardware prototypes are developed for the SCs implemented by the conventional and modified multi-winding fly-back converters, and their performance is verified through testing. The experimental results show that both SCs can overcome the multiple peaks in the P-V curve. The proposed SC is superior to the SC implemented by the conventional multi-winding fly-back converter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2004

Multiple sound sources are controlled to enhance sound power within a zone of interest. The problem of enhancing acoustic variable can be regarded as an optimization problem, which seeks an optimal control input that maximizes the acoustic variable. It should be noted that enhancing sound power of a selected region requires both the magnitude and direction to be controlled. For this reason, two kinds of cost functions that can represent the spatially distributed intensity are defined. Theoretical formulation shows the possibility of sound power control in a zone, and the detailed procedures of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.761-769
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a low-power design strategy to minimize energy-consumption for surveillance and reconnaissance sensor networks. The sensor network consists of many different nodes with various operations such as target detection, packet relay, video monitoring, changing protocols, and etc. Each sensor node consists of sensing, computing, communication, and power components. These components are integrated on a single or multiple boards. Therefore, the power consumption of each component can be different on various operation types. First, we identified the list of components and measured power consumption for them from the first prototype nodes. Next, we focus on which components are the main sources of energy consumption. We propose many energy-efficient approaches to reduce energy consumption for each operation type.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

In this paper, a target signal detection method using multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed. The MUSIC algorithm is a subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method. Using the inverse of the eigenvalue-weighted eigen spectra, the algorithm detects the DOAs of multiple sources. To apply the algorithm in target signal detection for GSC-based beamforming, we utilize its spectral response for the DOA of the target source in noisy conditions. The performance of the proposed target signal detection method is compared with those of the normalized cross-correlation (NCC), the fixed beamforming, and the power ratio method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional ones in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2004

This paper presents a steering angle error compensation (SAEC) algorithm that is appropriate for rapidly moving sources. The Proposed algorithm utilizes a modal covariance matrix from multiple frequency components instead of the multiple snapshots in a narrowband SAEC, and estimates the steering error by maximizing the wideband WVDR output power using a first-order Taylor series approximation of the modal steering vector in terms of the steering error. As such, the steering error can be compensated with short observation times. Several simulations using artificial and sea trial data are used to demonstrate the Performance of the proposed algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.651-658
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• 2020

In the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, the interactive mobile game users have increased tremendously, which induces correlated information sources (CIS). One of the promising 5G technologies is non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). In NOMA, the users share the channel resources, so that CIS affect each user's bit-error rate (BER) performance, which is not the case for orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In this paper, we derive the optimal receiver for NOMA with CIS, and then investigate the impact of CIS on each user's BER performance.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.351-364
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• 2017

This study investigated science self-efficacy, sources of science self-efficacy, and creative personality by grade and gender. For this study, 495 $3^{rd}-6^{th}$ elementary students were participated. The findings showed that there was no significant difference by grade and gender in science self-efficacy. In sources of science self-efficacy, there was significant differences by gender, but not by grade. $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ graders' scores about 'vicarious experiences' and 'physiological and affective states' were higher than the those of $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ graders. Among creative personality, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ graders' scores about 'motivation' and 'challenge' were higher than those of $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ graders. Comparing the scores among sources of science self-efficacy, the mean scores of 'social persuasion' were relatively low than other sources. This showed that praises and encouragement of teacher, parents and friends had not been sufficient. In terms of variables' influences on science self-efficacy, multiple regression results showed that 'mastery experiences' in sources of science self-efficacy had the most explanatory power and 'social persuasion' had the second explanatory power. 'Patience' in creative personality showed the third explanatory power. The variables' influences on science self-efficacy showed differences by grade and gender.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 2001

In beamforming method, source positions are predicted by MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) power method and composite sound fields can then be decomposed into each partial field by beamforming, detenninistically without restriction of the distance between reference microphones and sources. However, reference microphone array shape is important in both MUSIC and beamforming method. Thus the present paper describes the effect of the reference microphone array shape.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.149-153
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• 1999

As VLSI technology advances rapidly, the operating frequency of digital systems becomes very fast. In such a high-speed system, there are many factors that threaten signal integrity. The noise sources in digital system include the noises in power supply, ground bounce and packaging media and distortions on single and multiple transmission lines. This paper will present a technology survey useful in the design of Gigabit interconnection systems. Some case studies have been constructed which show the lossy transmission line effect of skin effect. dielectric loss, with backplane connectors using the theoretical and practical conditions.