• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze income and consumption expenditure patterns over the family life cycle. The data used in this study is the 2004 Survey data from the Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey data which are included salary and wage earners' households living in urban areas. The income and expenditure data of 20,383 households are analyzed. The family life cycle is classified into six stages and the items of expenditure are classified into 12 categories. The data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, $X^2$ test, F-test, and Duncan's multiple range test using SAS 8.0 package program. The major findings of this study are as fellows: First, the average monthly family income of the total sample is 3,480,000 won. The proportion of regular and irregular income among the total family income is 95.5% and 4.5% respectively. Second, the amount and ratio of monthly regular income fur each category are significantly different over the family life cycle. Third, the average monthly family expenditure of the total sample is 2,250,000 won. The amount and ratio of monthly expenditure of all items are significantly different over the family life cycle. The highest expenditure item is the traffic expanse and phone charge.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate oral health status according to use of oral care products in the adult population and determine methods for improving oral health status. Methods: The date of 'The fifth korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2011' was analyzed for this study. The questionnaire was measured regarding oral care products, Oral health status and socio-economic characteristics. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for Windows was used. We determined frequencies, percentage and determining statistical significance using multiple regression analysis. Results: General characteristics and oral care products showed differences in DMFT associated with residence, gender, age, education, dental floss, etc(waterpic, hi-tech toothbrush, denture care products), in FS-T associated with residence, gender, age, income level, education, health insurance, dental floss, Interdental brush, etc, in T-health associated with residence, age, education, health insurance, Interdental brush, etc. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to promote oral health status of the adult have to suitable selection and accurate usage of oral care products. Education and program in oral care products for the adult should be needed.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

It is well-known that rectangular bulk-Si sensors prepared by etch or epi etch-stop micromachining technology are already in practical use today, but the conventional bulk-Si sensor shows some drawbacks such as large chip size and limited applications as silicon sensor device is to be miniaturized. We consider a circular-shape SOI(Silicon-On-Insulator) micro-cavity technology to facilitate multiple sensors on very small chip, to make device easier to package than conventional sensor like pressure sensor and to provide very high over-pressure capability. This paper demonstrates the cross-functional results for stress analyses(targeting $5{\mu}m$ deflection and 100MPa stress as maximum at various applicable pressure ranges), for finding permissible diaphragm dimension by output sensitivity, and piezoresistive sensor theory from two-type SOI structures where the double SOI structure shows the most feasible deflection and small stress at various ambient pressures. Those results can be compared with the ones of circular-shape bulk-Si based sensor$^{[17]}. The SOI micro-cavity formed the sensors is promising to integrate with calibration, gain stage and controller unit plus high current/high voltage CMOS drivers onto monolithic chip.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze the influences of LOHAS cuticle management, which based on LOHAS consciousness among customers using nail art shops and removes only Cuticle layer without Eponychium, on the preference and expected value of service quality. Further, it tackles how above related variables have important bearing on reuse intention. A survey was conducted only with customers over the age of 20 in Seoul, Daejeon and Daegu areas in terms of LOHAS consciousness. For the collected 389 data, frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out by using SPSS 18.0 Version statistical package. The results are as follows. First, according to the results, it shows high positive correlation between LOHAS cuticle management based on the consciousness of LOHAS, and LOHAS cuticle management preference, tendency and willingness to transfer toward it. Second. it is proven that LOHAS consciousness tend to be possessed in older age groups, married and a professional employee layers and this LOHAS motivated groups showed high LOHAS cuticle management preference, inclination and intention of a change in management. Lastly, the reuse intention is mostly affected by experience and preference of LOHAS cuticle management. There is negative correlation between reuse intention and experience in blooding and pain during care service. Higher interest in preference of LOHAS cuticle management has highly influenced positive link with the repurchase intention.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2004

The organization to which we belong is the place where we make social relationships, satisfy our desires of self-realization, and accomplish our common object. The emotional and psychological state of individual as well as the whole organization is able to be explained in the concept of morale. The researcher selected a total 238 dental technicians living in seoul, and conducted a research in a period ranging from April 1, 2004, to April1 10, 2004. The researcher analyzed the findings with the aid of SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences). The researcher came to reach the following conclusions on the basis of frequency, percentage, T-test, F-test, and multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: First, there is a significant difference in recognizing morale due to their age, academic background, their work places, position, part of objective, and working hours(p<.05). Secondly, The researcher there is a significant difference in recognizing due to their social welfare, payment, fair and objective personnel management, enough opportunities of self development, and autonomy(p<.05). Lastly, this study is very limited in generalization because it deals with a small part of morale management plans and objectifies very limited organization. But, it is very meaningful in trying to approach morale management plans with an object of dental technicians. It is necessary that dental technicians should make efforts to control themselves.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey periodontal status using oral health index in the elderly population and determine methods for improving oral health status. Methods: The date collected from 'The fifth korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2010' was analyzed in this study. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for windows. We determined frequencies and percentage, calculating means, and standard deviations, and determining statistical significance using logistic regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. Results: General characteristics showed differences in oral health behaviors associated with gender, age, residence, education. General characteristics showed differences in periodontal status associated with gender, family type, gender, residence, education. Oral health behaviors showed differences in periodontal status associated with using oral health care products, dental treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to improve oral health of the elderly, the importance and needs of periodontal status should be emphasized. periodontal status related education for the elderly should be operated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.65-87
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consciousness, knowledge and food preferences for the Korean traditional foods, using a questionnaire survey for 560 high school students in seoul. The data were analyzed with simple frequency, percentage, t-test, chi-square test, dispersion analysis, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple-regression analysis using the SPSS/PC+ Package system. The results of the survey are summarized as follows ; Girls showed a more interest in Korean traditional foods than boys. The motive of having interest in korean traditional foods were through mass communication or home education. Most of students were preffered korean traditional foods and were proud of native foods. The most preffered foods were Kim-chi and beverage. and they thought that color, appearance, foodstuff combination of Korean traditional foods were better than those of foreign foods. they showed a tendency to decrease the use Korean traditional foods because it is difficult to cook and they have little time to cook. They have taken more Korean traditional foods at home. Most students were responded that it is necessary to develope Korean traditional foods at home for the succeeding of korean dietary life culture. For the idea of improving Korean traditional foods, it is thought that simplified cooking method, new cooking method and fastfood is developed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.93-103
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand the consumption of adolescents by investigating the influences on their clothing purchasing influence and the effects of family communication and clothing interest. The questionnaires used for the were conducted for this study analysis was and were distributed to four Middle schools and two High schools which were located in Seoul. and 576 responses questionnaire were used for data analysis. Using SPSS package, factor analysis, reliability, Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range test, and t-test were applied. The study results of this study are as follows: First, the influence of clothing purchasing influence of adolescents was higher than the parents' purchasing influence. Second, there were negative correlations between two levels of family communication, controlled and opened communication. But, but positive correlations between controlled communication and clothing interest, and between clothing interest and purchasing influence there were positive correlations. Third, there were partially significant differences among demographic factors and levels of communications, clothing interest and purchasing influence. Fourth, for male students social status, opened communication, and clothing interest had an effect on purchasing influence for male students and for female students clothing interest and both controlled and opened communication influenced were affecting purchasing influence for female students.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a quality assesment of a university dormitory foodservice on the satisfaction degree, value awareness and relationship intention toward the foodservice. A total of 328 questionnaires were completed. Using SPSS package, Cronbach's alpha, analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were applied. The results are as follows. First, the quality assessment of the foodservice varied depending on the period of service utilization. Customers of less than one year rated the nutrition supply of the university foodservice the highest, followed by those who were customers for more than 3 years and those who were customers for 2 to 3 years, respectively. Second, the quality assessment of the foodservice was substantially influenced by price as compared to service quality. Third, the quality assessment was significantly influenced by the price appropriateness of the foodservice. Fourth, foodservice assessment items such as customer-centeredness, pursuit of nutrition supply and food quality had a meaningful effect on the satisfaction degree toward the university foodservice. Fifth, customer-centeredness, pursuit of nutrition supply and food quality had a significant effect on relationship intention. Sixth, among the items of value awareness for the foodservice, value assessment as compared to service quality, and not price appropriateness, greatly affected the relationship intention. Seventh, the overall degree of satisfaction for the foodservice affected the relationship intention.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.889-898
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) according to smoking in the male workers in Gunsan. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 460 male workers in Gunsan from April 13 to 30, 2015. Among 460 workers, smokers were 205 and nonsmokers were 255. The questionnaire included three questions of general characteristics of the subjects, four questions of subjective oral health, fourteen questions of OHIP, ten questions of sobriety test (AUDIT), and eight questions of smoking (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND). Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) for Windows 20.0 program. Results: In the nonsmokers, there was a negative correlation between the alcohol consumption, dental health condition, tooth pain, gum bleeding, and halitosis. The higher OHIP in the smokers had the negative correlation with nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption, tooth pain, gum bleeding, and halitosis. In order to improve OHIP, smokers are encouraged to manage gum bleeding, and non-smokers to halitosis. Conclusions: In order to improve OHIP, cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption is very important and it can lead to improve the quality of life in the workers.