• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 1997

This study is to find out whether the family life education can help the middle aged wives to resolve their problems and to keep their lives healthy. For this purpose self-administered questionnaires were used for 628 persons whose ages between 40 to 59 residing in the Metropolitan Area of Soul. Deta collected were analyzed by statistical methods such as the factor analysis frequency distribution percentile mean t-test chi-square Anova and Duncan's multiple range test through the SAS program package. Major results obtained are as follows; 1) The most demanding education content in the are of the spousal relationship was the helping program for the role change from parent-child relationship to spousal relationship. Employed wives demanded conflict resolution skill training program between parents and children while house wives showed the highest interest in guiding their children's future. 2) There are significant differences between employed wives and house wives in the areas f parent-child relationship communication and home managment of the need assessment. In detail employed wives showed higher interest in education the children more independent than house wives. Employed wives also showed higher interest than house wives in the education content about the factors for communication problems in the communication area. 3) About the application method in the family life education there was no significant difference between employed wives and house wives in terms of the necessity of the problem solving methods of follow-up meeting in the family life education while there was a significant difference in the past education program participation intention to participate in the future education program and the education setting between employed wives and house wives.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-62
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• 2010

As an engineered product, a software package has multiple dimensions that must be designed judiciously to enhance its competitive viability. Functionality, reliability and price are three such common dimensions. However, many software products are sold as bundles of individual components and the competitive impact of bundling has received less attention in the research literature. In this paper, we examine the implications of software vendors using bundling as an element of competitive strategy. A game theoretic model of the actions of an incumbent and a new entrant is developed and the impact on vendor and consumer welfare is analyzed. Numerical experiments with the model show that (i) increasing bundle size is an effective strategy for the incumbent to increase its payoff at the cost of the entrant's payoff and consumer surplus, especially when the entrant's quality is low (ii) in the presence of bundling, the entrant can still increase its own payoff and consumer surplus at the cost of the incumbent's payoff, by increasing product quality up to the level that best segments market demand with the incumbent and (iii) an increase in bundle size by the incumbent, or an increase in quality by the entrant, can both result in an increase of total surplus. Similar results are observed in a related case where the entrant offers free software bundles. Our results provide insights into how software vendors may strategically use bundling and quality as additional product dimensions in order to stay competitive in the market. These results also inform the competing vendors of the impact of bundling related public policy actions on their respective payoffs.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor on emotional exhaustion among school dietitians according to the level of their self-efficacy. A survey was administered on 300 school dietitians during September 2012 and a total of 277 usable questionnaires were received. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 18.0 package program. As a result of principal factor analysis for validity test, 26 variables were classified into one factor for self-efficacy, three factors for emotional labor and one factor for emotional exhaustion with a total variance percentage of 67.371%. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha, which yielded reliability coefficients of 0.922 (self-efficacy), 0.916 (emotional display), 0.806 (surface acting), 0.808 (deep acting) and 0.850 (emotional exhaustion). Subjects were segmented into 2 groups of 'high self-efficacy' (n = 159) and 'low self-efficacy' (n = 118) according to the cluster analysis for self-efficacy variables. The 'high self-efficacy' group exhibited higher education(p < 0.01) and served less lunch meals than other groups (p < 0.05). According to multiple regression analysis, the emotional display proved to be significantly and positively related to emotional exhaustion (${\beta}$=0.319, p<0.001) in high self-efficacy group. However both emotional display (${\beta}$=0.233, p<0.05) and surface acting (${\beta}$=0.262, p<0.01) were positively related to emotional exhaustion in the low self-efficacy group. These results suggest that school dietitians should be more aware of their self-efficacy to relieve the effects of the emotional labor on emotional exhaustion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.4 s.10
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer's behaviors on the purchase and the laundering of baby's clothing according to washing machine types using by consumers. The subjects were 255 consumers with babies(0-2 years) in Korea. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple response analysis, and SPSS 12.0 statistics package was used. Consumers were separated into two groups according to washing machine types with general pulsator type and drum-type. Consumer's behaviors between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines were also examined. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The purchase rate of baby's clothing was high compare to that of general clothing of family. The consumers with babies had priority on textile materials(cotton 100%) as baby's clothing. As for the consumer's behaviors between the purchase of baby's clothing and the consumer's characteristics, they showed a significant differences according to the consumer's characteristics like education level and washing machine types using by consumers. 2. The removal of soils including various foods was very important on the laundering of baby's clothing. Especially the rinsing of detergents was important on the laundering. Because they considered toxicity of detergents was high and harmful to the baby, and detergent's components such as surfactants, builders, and another additives could not removed completely with normal laundry courses by washing machines. 3. There were significant differences between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines on the purchase and the laundering of baby's clothing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1511-1511
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• 2001

Energy content, expressed as calories per gram, is an important part of the evaluation and marketing of foods in developed countries. Currently accepted methods of measurement of energy by U.S. food labeling legislation include measurement of gross calories by bomb calorimetry with an adjustment for undigested protein and by calculation using specific factors for the energy values of protein, carbohydrate less the amount of insoluble dietary fiber, and total fat. The ability of NIRS to predict the energy value of diverse, processed and unprocessed cereal food products was investigated. NIR spectra of cereal products were obtained with an NIR Systems monochromator and the wavelength range used for analysis was 1104-2494 nm. Gross energy of the foods was measured by oxygen bomb calorimetry (Parr Manual No. 120) and expressed as calories per gram (CPGI, range 4.05-5.49 cal/g). Energy value was adjusted for undigested protein (CPG2, range 3.99-5.38 cal/g) and undigested protein and insoluble dietary fiber (CPG3, range 2.42-5.35 cal/g). Using a multivariate analysis software package (ISI International, Inc.) partial least squares models were developed for the prediction of energy content. The standard error of cross validation and multiple coefficient of determination for CPGI using modified partial least squares regression (n=127) was 0.060 cal/g and 0.95, respectively, and the standard error of performance, coefficient of determination, bias and slope using an independent validation set (n=59) were 0.057 cal/g, 0.98, -0.027 cal/g and 1.05 respectively. The PLS loading for factor 1 (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.92) had significant absorption peaks correlated to C-H stretch groups in lipid at 1722/1764 nm and 2304/2346 nm and O-H groups in carbohydrate at 1434 and 2076 nm. Thus the model appeared to be predominantly influenced by lipid and carbohydrate. Models for CPG2 and CPG3 showed similar trends with standard errors of performance, using the independent validation set, of 0.058 and 0.088 cal/g, respectively, and coefficients of determination of 0.96. Thus NIRS provides a rapid and efficient method of predicting energy content of diverse cereal foods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.66-80
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• 2009

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the present circumstances of internal marketing in domestic apparel-import company and study if the internal marketing activities in import apparel company have a significant effect on salespersons' job satisfaction. As a preliminary investigation, the interviews with 6 expert salespersons of imported apparel company were taken to develop a practical measuring tool. As a result, 21 categories which effect on internal marketing and 6 factors which influence on job satisfaction were extracted. Next, a survey with the salespersons who work in apparel-import company was taken, and 186 collected data were used in this study. To analyze the data, factor analysis, frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis are executed by a statistics package, SPSS v12.0. The results are as follows. First, five factors which effect on internal marketing activities in have been identified as welfare, incentives, employment & training, communication, empowerment. Among them, four factors of welfare, incentives, employment & training, and communication have been come out as statistically significant factors which influenced on salesperson's job satisfaction. Second, the internal marketing activities of import apparel company according to salesperson's demographic factors - payment, working periods, and marriage have been demonstrated significant difference on salespersons' job satisfaction. When the marriage is examined, the job satisfaction of the single mostly depends on incentives while that of the married does on welfare. On the consideration of working periods, the less does the group have working experience, the more does it have a dependence on incentives. On the other hand, the group which has much payment and experience mostly relies on welfare. The middle class show to be dependent on communication and employment&training as well as welfare and incentives.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2002

This paper is aimed at predicting the life of rubber insulating gloves under normal operating stresses from relatively rapid test performed at higher stresses. Specimens of rubber insulating gloves are subject to multiple stress conditions, i.e. combined electrical and thermal stresses. Two modes of electrical stress, step voltage stress and constant voltage stress are used in specimen aging. There are two types of test for electrical stress in this experiment: the one is Breakdown Voltage (BDV) test under step voltage stress and thermal stress and the other is lifetime test under constant voltage stress and temperature stress. The ac breakdown voltage defined as the break-down point of insulation that leakage current excesses a limit value, l0mA in this experiment, is determined. Because the very high variability of aging data requires the application of statistical model, Weibull distribution is used to represent the failure times as the straight line on Weibull probability paper. Weibull parameters are deter-mined by three statistical methods i.e. maximum likelihood method, graphical method and least squares method, which employ SAS package, Weibull probability paper and FORTRAN, respectively. Two chosen models for predicting the life under simultaneous electrical and thermal stresses are inverse power model and exponential model. And the constants of life equation for multistress aging are calculated using numerical method, such as Gauss Jordan method etc.. The completion of life equation enables to estimate the life at normal stress based on the data collected from accelerated aging test. Also the comparison of the calculated lifetimes between the inverse power model and the exponential model is carried out. And the lifetimes calculated by three statistical methods with lower voltage than test voltage are compared. The results obtained from the suggested experimental method are presented and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.4 s.103
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• pp.33-47
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• 2006

In 21 century, the ubiquitous environment is advanced fast through the so-called digital convergence. This research experts what is the next generation of traditional fashion product purchase behaviors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the fashion product purchase decision making in the development stages of ubiquitous environment. The quantitative Investigation was executed for 487 collegians and the data were analyzed with Frequency, percentage, ANOVA, Duncan test and multiple regression by using SPSS win version 10 package. The results of this research were as followed: First, in the 1st stages of ubiquitous developmental environment, using internet pc or mobile phone was analyze the difference between fashion shopping orientation group and purchase restricted factor Second, as a result of the factor analysis of the ubiquitous 2nd stages, four lower dimensions were made: giving information; wearable effect, buying facility; interest from purchase. as a result of ANOVA, there were any differences between fashion shopping orientation group and ubiquitous 2nd stages. Third, in the 3rd stages of ubiquitous developmental environment, there are differences between fashion shopping orientation group and ubiquitous 3rd stages. And the result from regression analysis of the ubiquitous 2nd stages and 3rd stages showed that buying facility factor in increasing need recognition, wearable effect factor in fashion information acquisition, giving information factor in have a intention to buy in ubiquitous #3 rendition are most influential.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.592-601
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of individual emotional characteristics (empathetic concern and emotional contagion) on emotional labor (frequency of emotional display, intensity and variety of emotional display, surface acting, and deep acting) of school dietitians. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey of 309 school dietitians and then analyzed statistically by SPSS 18.0 package program. The results of this study were as follows: empathetic concern (3.93) occurred more often than emotional contagion (3.22) in school dietitians. The older (p < 0.001) and more experienced (p < 0.01) they were, the higher empathetic concern they had. It showed that married dieticians (p < 0.001), nutrition teachers (p < 0.01), and dieticians who were working in elementary schools (p < 0.01) had a higher rate of empathetic concern than single dieticians, non-nutrition teachers, and dieticians who were working in middle and high schools, respectively. Their level of emotional labor was the highest in deep acting (3.32), followed by surface acting (3.28), frequency (3.12), intensity and variety (3.09). According to multiple regression analysis, emotional contagion proved to be strongly significant and positively related to frequency of emotional display (${\beta}=0.257$, p < 0.001). Both empathetic concern (${\beta}=0.117$, p < 0.05) and emotional contagion (${\beta}=0.162$, p < 0.01) were positively related to intensity and variety of emotional display, and empathetic concern (${\beta}=0.173$, p < 0.01) had also an effect on deep acting. These results suggested that the emotional labor of school dietitians should be managed on the organizational viewpoint, not a personal matter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1608-1617
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• 2006

Due to the popularization of fashion, it is important for consumers to find out under what kinds of reasons consumers choose and prefer the clothing products as consumers are interested in clothing and have variety of their styles to choose This study is to classify the self-image of the middle-aged women and examine the characteristics of each group and also to inquire into the evaluation of clothing by each group. Data are collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey from 4 to October 31, 2005 from 350 middle-aged women in Daegu; 275 are used for the data analysis. Data analysis is performed using SPSS Package, which included cluster analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and chi-square test. The results are as follows: 1. As a result of factor analysis of self-image, the five factors which are intelligent image, social image, fashionable image, female image, bold image are extracted. Besides, as a result of cluster analysis, the three types which are female-type, neuter-type, male-type are classified. 2. The middle-aged women regard the classic style as their best style for outgoing and then they like the casual style, elegant style, dramatic style in order. 3. As a result of factor analysis for clothing image, the four factors which are dignity, attraction, simplicity activity are extracted. 4. According to self-image types, there are differences for clothing image and preferring clothing styles. While female-type groups choose the elegant style, neuter-type groups regard the classic style as their best style and male-type groups regard the casual style as their best style. In case of daring style, the preference shows the lowest among all the types unrelated to self-image types.