• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2021

The demographic characteristics of a leader are important for small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several researchers have proven that demographic characteristics affect business success. Unfortunately, business success has only been analyzed from a financial perspective and has not been compared to the owner's interests perspective. This study examines business success from both perspectives. This study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics of small entrepreneurs and their impact on business success. Demographics consist of age, experience, education, and gender. Meanwhile, business success is seen from two perspectives: financial performance and the owner's interest. The study used an explanatory survey method. The number of samples is 155 entrepreneurs who are also the leaders of their businesses. The research was conducted in Bandung City, Indonesia, in 2021. The data was processed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The study results found that age only affects financial performance. Experience is proven to affect financial performance and the interests of the owner. Gender only affects the interests of the owner. This study concludes that in difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic, having young leaders who are experienced will make it easier to achieve business success.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2014

Cloud computing enables users to easily store their data and simply share data with others. Due to the security threats in an untrusted cloud, users are recommended to compute verification metadata, such as signatures, on their data to protect the integrity. Many mechanisms have been proposed to allow a public verifier to efficiently audit cloud data integrity without receiving the entire data from the cloud. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them has considered about the efficiency of public verification on multi-owner data, where each block in data is signed by multiple owners. In this paper, we propose a novel public verification mechanism to audit the integrity of multi-owner data in an untrusted cloud by taking the advantage of multisignatures. With our mechanism, the verification time and storage overhead of signatures on multi-owner data in the cloud are independent with the number of owners. In addition, we demonstrate the security of our scheme with rigorous proofs. Compared to the straightforward extension of previous mechanisms, our mechanism shows a better performance in experiments.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2014

2013년 3월 정부에서는 공공공사에 분리발주방식을 확대적용하는 정책을 발표하였다. 분리발주방식의 도입을 두고 건설참여자들의 입장이 첨예하게 대립하게 되고, 건설분야의 뜨거운 이슈가 되고 있는 상황이다. 건설공사 관리의 경험이 부족한 공공발주자가 다수로 분리된 전문공종들을 직접관리하여 인터페이스의 증가에 따른 관리비용 상승, 실적 부족으로 인한 관리비용 산정 기준이 없어 사업운영에 어려움이 있는 현실이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 분리발주의 관리비용율 예측할 수 있는 모델을 개발하여 효율적인 분리발주의 운영이 가능하게 하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1286-1306
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• 2022

Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) provides a safe and effective solution for retrieving encrypted data on cloud servers. However, the existing SSE schemes mainly focus on single keyword search in single client, which is inefficient for multiple keywords and cannot meet the needs for multiple clients. Considering the above drawbacks, we propose a scheme enabling dynamic multi-client and Boolean query in searchable symmetric encryption for cloud storage system (DMC-SSE). DMC-SSE realizes the fine-grained access control of multi-client in SSE by attribute-based encryption (ABE) and novel access control list (ACL), and supports Boolean query of multiple keywords. In addition, DMC-SSE realizes the full dynamic update of client and file. Compared with the existing multi-client schemes, our scheme has the following advantages: 1) Dynamic. DMC-SSE not only supports the dynamic addition or deletion of multiple clients, but also realizes the dynamic update of files. 2) Non-interactivity. After being authorized, the client can query keywords without the help of the data owner and the data owner can dynamically update client's permissions without requiring the client to stay online. At last, the security analysis and experiments results demonstrate that our scheme is safe and efficient.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-57
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• 1987

This article discussed the characteristics of several Pareto-optimal incentive contracts between owner and labor, more specifically, four situations: reporting output jointly observable by labor ana owner; reporting both output and effort; incorporating other endogenous elements (like capital) that affect the production process and Pareto-optimal fee schedules; and ascertaining the effects of private pre-decision information private- decision information, and per-contact informational asymmetries. Also presented were several extensions of the basic contractual model, and the different components of agency costs associated with labor-owner contractual relations. In a single-period model, the agency problem exists because the uncertainty prevents the owner from using the cash flow to determine unambiguously the labor's action. Holmstrom(1979) suggests that "when the same situation repeats itself over time, the effects of uncertainty tend to be reduced and dystunctional behavior is more accurately revealed, thus alleviating the problem of moral hazard. " Under these conditions, if the labor selects the first-best level of effect in each period, the cash flow will be independent and identically distributed over time. As the number of periods increases, the variance of the labows average output, if he selects the first-best level of effort in each period, gets smaller. Note that for this diversification effect to occur, it is necessary that the owner evaluate the labor's effort over the entire history of his employment, rather than evaluate each period's performance separately. Radner(1980) and Rubinstein and Yaari(1980) consider the extreme case in which there are an infinite number of observations. They show that the owner can eventually detect and systematic shirking on the part of the labor by comparing the labor's average output with what would be expected if the labor had been selecting the first-best level of effort in each period. In a dynamic model with incentive problems we have demonstrated that the labor's second-period compensation will depend on his first-period performance. This allows the owner to diversify away some of the uncertainty surrounding the labor's actions. In addition, this allows the owner to smooth the labor's income over time by spreading the risk of the first-period outcome over both periods. At least some unexplored avenves in this area invite future accounting research: situations where owner has different incompatible objectives and negotiates a contract with labor; circumstances in which owner deals with multiple objectives and negotiates contracts with several labors simultaneously; the value of costly accounting information systems and communication in establishing, Pareto-optimal incentive contracts, and the value and effects of inside information, Thorough theoretical or empirical research on each of these topics not only would increase our knowledge about the role and significance of accounting information but could also provide explanations of the inherent differences among various organizations and in their economic behavior. behavior.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.440-448
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• 2009

Concurrent construction (or overlapping) is an alternative project delivery process to reduce time-tomarket such that the owner can get higher profits; the increased profits due to shortened project duration would exceed the loss of profits from the increased cost, if any. For more effective concurrent construction, a new conceptual framework for concurrent construction planning is suggested. With multiple work methods available in each activity, the performance of overlapping between two activities in terms of cost is affected by the compatibility between work methods selected and the benefit to the project owner is determined by internal rate of return (RoR). The impact of the compatibility between work methods and the conceptual framework are explained by a hypothetical case study.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2004

This paper proposes an empirical evidence about contextual factors which determine perceived business performances of small firms resulted from IT investment. In this paper, small firms are defined as firms of which total employees are below fifty. These small firms account for 95% of total number of private companies in Korea. We used a perceived IT performance model based on Balanced Scorecard framework to evaluate IT performance of small firms. And data were collected by Web and e-mail survey method with multiple screening. Statistical results show that business performance of small firms are differentiated in terms of firm size, location, longevity, age of owner, education level of owner, while industry sector, profitability, sex of owner don't make significant differences.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.565-586
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• 2022

Cloud storage's elastic expansibility not only provides flexible services for data owners to store their data remotely, but also reduces storage operation and management costs of their data sharing. The data outsourced remotely in the storage space of cloud service provider also brings data security concerns about data integrity. Data integrity verification has become an important technology for detecting the integrity of remote shared data. However, users without data access rights to verify the data integrity will cause unnecessary overhead to data owner and cloud service provider. Especially malicious users who constantly launch data integrity verification will greatly waste service resources. Since data owner is a consumer purchasing cloud services, he needs to bear both the cost of data storage and that of data verification. This paper proposes a verification control algorithm in data integrity verification for remotely outsourced data. It designs an attribute-based encryption verification control algorithm for multiple verifiers. Moreover, data owner and cloud service provider construct a common access structure together and generate a verification sentinel to verify the authority of verifiers according to the access structure. Finally, since cloud service provider cannot know the access structure and the sentry generation operation, it can only authenticate verifiers with satisfying access policy to verify the data integrity for the corresponding outsourced data. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves fine-grained access control to multiple verifiers for the data integrity verification.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2023

온/오프라인상으로 개인이 적격성 증명을 해야 하는 경우, 자격 충족 여부를 알 수 있으면 충분함에도, 기존 어떤 방식도 개인정보 제공 과정에서 어쩔 수 없이 소유자 신원을 드러내거나 불필요한 추가 정보를 노출하게 된다. 본 논문에서는, 개인정보의 성별, 생년, 출생지 등 불변인 항목 중, 소유자가 적격성 검증자에게 꼭 필요한 항목(들)만을 각각 다수 선택지 중 하나의 값을 지정하여 제공하는 방식을 제안한다. 이 방식에서, 적격성 검증자는 정보 소유자의 동의로 블록체인에 저장된 개인정보 항목들 조합에 접근할 수 있으며, 접근 내역을 다시 블록체인에 기록 요청하여 안전하게 저장할 수 있다. 제안 방식을 통해 사용자는 자신의 신원이 드러나거나 개인정보가 과다하게 노출될 것을 우려하지 않으며, 적격성 검증자는 필요한 정보만을 확인하되 그 기록을 별도 저장하지 않고도 추후 기록을 조회할 수 있게 된다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1254-1254
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• 2022

The Multi-family Residential is one of the most famous building types for a rental property in the US. Often times it includes multiple residential buildings and some amenity facilities, including a clubhouse or leasing office, swimming pool, dog park, and garages. Since the building type is built for rental purposes, the construction planning is phased and it makes the project complicated. Detailed planning and execution are important for successful construction management. This paper provides some management practices that are applied to one of the multi-family residential construction projects in Phoenix, AZ. The Front End Planning (FEP) process performed by both owner and contractor is the first key to a successful construction project. Specifically, the early review of phased turnover strategy, grading, fire/Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance, and Mechanical/ Electricity/Plumbing/Technology (MEPT) will provide absolute benefit to the project. Second, using a scheduling method to control short-term schedules and long-term can provide the ability to manage the issues with agility. Third, material delivery and procurement dominate the both project schedule and cost. With this COVID-19 circumstance, it is hard to expect the material, equipment, and labor forces to be delivered on time with the contracted price. Managing floats are more than important to managing construction productivity. Risk management should work to share the risks fairly. Lastly, turnover is directly linked with the profit of the project for both owner and contractor. The communication between the owner and contractor to re-schedule the proper turnover schedule is important for the phased construction project.