• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.6 s.102
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• pp.881-890
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• 2005

Over for the past 10 years, the increase in geometric progression for the internet traffic, has allowed the IP protocol framework to be the most important network technology. In addition, the internet service is being developed as a service mode differentiated, aiming to support the new-mode real-time multimedia services such as internet phone, video conference, cyber reality, and internet game, focusing on offering a latest service. These days, aiming to solve the need for broad bandwidth along with guaranteeing QoS, the WDM technology of offering multiple gigabit wavelengths is emerging as the core technology of next-generation optical internet backbone network. In the next-generation optical internet backbone network based on WDM, the QoS framework is one of fore subjects aiming to offer a service of guaranteeing QoS This study analyzes the requirements of performance related to QoS framework in IP Subnet and in WDM optical backbone network, and suggests optical QoS service framework differentiated. in order to guarantee end-to-end QoS through the next-generation optical internet backbone network, using GMPLS control protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1154-1162
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• 2016

This paper proposes a fast-transient digital LDO(Low dropout) regulator with binary-weighted current control technique. Conventional digital LDO takes a long time to stabilize the output voltage, because it controls the amount of current step by step, thus ringing problem is generated. Binary-weighted current control technique rapidly stabilizes output voltage by removing the ringing problem. When output voltage reliably reaches the target voltage, It added the FRZ mode(Freeze) to stop the operation of digital LDO. The proposed fast response digital LDO is used with a slow response DC-DC converter in the system which rapidly changes output voltage. The proposed digital controller circuit area was reduced by 56% compared to conventional bidirectional shift register, and the ripple voltage was reduced by 87%. A chip was implemented with a $0.18{\mu}F$ CMOS process. The settling time is $3.1{\mu}F$ and the voltage ripple is 6.2mV when $1{\mu}F$ output capacitor is used.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2013

This paper reviews current status of weed control practices in herbicide-resistant crops to examine weed management strategies in cope with cropping herbicide-resistant crops in the near future. Herbicide-resistant crops were rapidly adopted weed management technologies due to broad-spectrum weed control without crop injury. Transgenic glyphosate-resistant cultivars in soybean, corn, canola, and cotton were adopted to manage weeds at lower cost in a simplified weed management system. Dual stack crops with glyphosate and glufosinate resistance were developed to control glyphosate resistant weeds in corn, soybean and cotton. New multiple herbicide-resistant crops with resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, synthetic auxin herbicides, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors will expended the utility of existing herbicide technologies to manage the evolution of resistant weeds. However, herbicide resistant crops alone cannot solve weed problems and thus studies on diverse weed managements using an array of alternating herbicides of mode of action, mechanical, and cultural practices are needed for integrated weed management systems in the future.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian is a dangerous disease threatening pepper growers worldwide. The efficacy of chemical control is generally low as the pathogen is soil-borne and rapidly spread by zoospores during the rainy season. Thus, based on the demand for resistant varieties, various good resistant sources, such as CM334, AC2258, and PI201234, have been reported and their inheritance of resistance studied by many different authorities. However, the mode of inheritance remains unclear, as 1 or 2 independent dominant genes, 3 genes, or multiple genes have all been reported as responsible for resistance. Recently, QTL mappings of the gene factors for resistance have been reported, and molecular markers for resistance used in breeding programs. With the release of many resistant commercial hybrid cultivars, differentiation of pathotypes of the pathogen is attracting interest among breeders and plant pathologists. Various authorities have already classified the pathogen strains into different races according to the inter-action between resistant host plants, including the source of resistance, such as CM334 and PI201234, and resistant commercial varieties and P. capsici isolates. However, no standard differential host sets have yet been established, so the results are good only for the pathogen strains used in the experiments. Thus, for breeding varieties with durable resist-ance, it is important to introduce resistance from different sources and use diverse local pathogen strains collected in the target area for distribution in a breeding program.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.6
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• pp.611-633
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• 2024

This study intends to investigate the response of multi-cell (MC) beams to flexural loads in which the primary reinforcement is composed of both metallic and non-metallic materials. "Multi-cell" describes beam sections with multiple longitudinal voids separated by thin webs. Seven reinforced concrete MC beams measuring 300×200×1800 mm were tested under flexural loadings until failure. Two series of beams are formed, depending on the type of main reinforcement that is being used. A control RC beam with no openings and six MC beams are found in these two series. Series one and two are reinforced with metallic and non-metallic main reinforcement, respectively, in order to maintain a constant reinforcement ratio. The first crack, ultimate load, deflection, ductility index, energy absorption, strain characteristics, crack pattern, and failure mode were among the structural parameters of the beams under investigation that were documented. The primary variables that vary are the kind of reinforcing materials that are utilized, as well as the kind and quantity of mesh layers. The outcomes of this study that looked at the experimental and numerical performance of ferrocement reinforced concrete MC beams are presented in this article. Nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was performed with ANSYS-16.0 software to demonstrate the behavior of composite MC beams with holes. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the factors, such as opening size, that can most strongly affect the mechanical behavior of the suggested model. The experimental and numerical results obtained demonstrate that the FE simulations generated an acceptable degree of experimental value estimation. It's also important to demonstrate that, when compared to the control beam, the MC beam reinforced with geogrid mesh (MCGB) decreases its strength capacity by a maximum of 73.33%. In contrast, the minimum strength reduction value of 16.71% is observed in the MC beams reinforced with carbon reinforcing bars (MCCR). The findings of the experiments on MC beams with openings demonstrate that the presence of openings has a significant impact on the behavior of the beams, as there is a decrease in both the ultimate load and maximum deflection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-406
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• 2000

The effect of inlay surface treatment on bonding was investigated when resin inlay was bonded to resin-modified glass-ionomer base with resin cement. For the preparation of glass-ionomer base, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji II LC, GC Co., Japan) was filled in class I cavities of 7mm in diameter and 2mm in depth made in plastic molds. Eighty eight resin inlay specimens were made with Charisma$^{(R)}$ (Kulzer, Germany) and then randomly assigned to the four different surface treatment conditions: Group I, $50{\mu}m$ aluminium oxide sandblasting and silane treatment ; Group II, silane treatment alone ; Group III, sandblasting alone, and Group IV (control), no surface treatment. After a dentin bonding agent with primer (One-Step$^{TM}$, Bisco Inc., IL., U.S.A.) was applied to bonding surface of resin inlay and base, resin inlay were cemented to glass-ionomer base with a resin cement (Choice$^{TM}$, Bisco Inc., IL., U.S.A.). Shear bond strengths of each specimens were measured using Instron universal testing machine (4202 Instron, lnstron Co., U.S.A.) and fractured surfaces were examined under the stereoscope. Statistical analysis was done with one-way ANOVA and Dunkan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1. Sandblasting and silane treatment provided the greatest bond strength(10.56${\pm}$1.95 MPa), and showed a significantly greater bond strength than sandblasting alone or no treatment (p<0.05). 2. Silane treatment provided a significantly greater bond strength(9.77${\pm}$2.04 MPa) than sandblasting alone or no treatment (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in bond strength between sandblasting treatment and silane one (p>0.05). 3. Sandblasting alone provided no significant difference in bond strength from no treatment (p>0.05). 4. Stereoscopic examination of fractured surface showed that sandblasting and silane treatment or silane treatment alone had more cohesive failure mode than adhesive failure mode. 5. In relationship between shear bond strength and failure mode, cohesive failure occurred more frequently as bond strength increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.278-283
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• 2000

As information communication technology developed we could check our blood pressure, pulsation electrocardiogram, SpO2 and blood test easily at home. To check our health at ordinary times is able though interlocking the house medical instrument with the wireless public data network This service will help the inconvenience to visit the hospital everytime and will save the individual's time and cost. In each house an organism data which is detected from the human body will be transmitted to the distance hospital and will be essentially applied through wireless public data network The medical information transmit system is utilized by wireless close range network It would transmit the obtained organism signal wirelessly from the personal device to the main center system in the hospital. Remote telemetry system is embodied by utilizing wireless media access protocol. The protocol is embodied by grafting CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) protocol falling mode which is standards from IEEE 802.11. Among the house care telemetry system which could measure blood pressure, pulsation, electrocardiogram, SpO2 the study embodies the ECC(electrocardiograph) measure part. It within the ECC function into the movable device and add 900㎒ band wireless public data interface. Then the aged, the patients even anyone in the house could obtain ECG and keep, record the data. It would be essential to control those who had a health-examination heart diseases or more complicated heart diseases and to observe the latent heart disease patient continuously. To embody the medical information transmit system which is based on wireless network. It would transmit the ECG data among the organism signal data which would be utilized by wireless network modem and NCL(Native Control Language) protocol to contact through wireless network Through the SCR(Standard Context Routing) protocol in the network it will be connected to the wired host computer. The computer will check the recorded individual information and the obtained ECC data then send the correspond examination to the movable device. The study suggests the medical transmit system model utilized by the wireless public data network.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.409-414
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• 2008

In mobile ad hoc networks, most of on demand routing protocols such as DSR and AODV do not deal with traffic load during the route discovery procedure. To solve the congestion and achieve load balancing, many protocols have been proposed. However, the existing load balancing schemes has only considered avoiding the congested route in the route discovery procedure or finding an alternative route path during a communication session. To mitigate this problem, we have proposed a new scheme which considers the packet bursting mechanism in congested nodes. The proposed packet bursting scheme, which is originally introduced in IEEE 802.11e QoS specification, is to transmit multiple packets right after channel acquisition. Thus, congested nodes can forward buffered packets promptly and minimize bottleneck situation. Each node begins to transmit packets in normal mode whenever its congested status is dissolved. We also propose two threshold values to define exact overloaded status adaptively; one is interface queue length and the other is buffer occupancy time. Through an experimental simulation study, we have compared and contrasted our protocol with normal on demand routing protocols and showed that the proposed scheme is more efficient and effective especially when network traffic is heavily loaded.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 2007

A rapid, simple and sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the determination of lercanidipine in human serum was validated and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of lercanidipine. Lercanidipine and internal standard, amlodipine, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with hexan-isoamyl alcohol (100: 1, v/v) and analyzed on a $Symmetry^{(R)}$ MS $C_{18}$ column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% aqueous formic acid (70: 30, v/v). Using MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, lercanidipine and amlodipine were detected without severe interferences from human serum matrix. Lercanidipine produced a protonated precursor ion ($[M+H]^+$) at m/z 612.3 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 280.0. Internal standard produced a protonated precursor ion ($[M+H]^+$]) at m/z 409.0 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 238.0. The ruggedness of this method was investigated using quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of 0.05-20 ng/mL with correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantitation using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.05 ng/mL, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. The overall accuracy of the developed method ranged from 85.51 to 112.2% for lercanidipine with overall precision (% C.V.) being 3.56-13.1%. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully applied for the analysis of lercanidipine in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a case that drone (unmanned aerial vehicle), one of the representative technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution, threatens airport safety and privacy infringement, and describes a drone control system proposal to solve the problem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (Drone) is creating a serious problem recently, In Korea, on May 21, 19, according to the Jeju Regional Aviation Administration, drones flew over Jeju Jeongseok Airfield twice in the same month, causing problems in aircraft operation. In overseas cases, two drones near the runway of Gatwick International Airport in the UK There has been a disturbance in which the takeoff and landing of the aircraft flies for a while, and various problems have occurred, such as voyeuring the private life of an individual using a drone. This paper is equipped with an Acess Point transponder mounted on a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle), and unspecified many who want to receive flight information (coordinates, altitude, and obstacles) of the drone access the drone AP, receive and receive the flight information of the drone, and receive unspecified multiple Drone AP flight information is collected and collected to provide the information of the drone currently floating on one user interface screen. In addition, an AP transponder is proposed to operate a safe drone (unmanned aerial vehicle) and the drone's flight information is transmitted., To receive and collect and collect data.