• 제목/요약/키워드: Multiple Hazards

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Multiple Exposures and Coexposures to Occupational Hazards Among Agricultural Workers: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

  • Nguyen, Thi-Hai-Yen;Bertin, Melanie;Bodin, Julie;Fouquet, Natacha;Bonvallot, Nathalie;Roquelaure, Yves
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.239-248
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    • 2018
  • Background: Workers may be exposed to various types of occupational hazards at the same time, potentially increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. The aim of this review was to analyze the effects of multiple occupational exposures and coexposures to chemical, biomechanical, and physical hazards on adverse health outcomes among agricultural workers. Methods: Articles published in English between 1990 and 2015 were identified using five popular databases and two complementary sources. The quality of the included publications was assessed using the methodology developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project assessment tool for quantitative studies. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the review. Multiple chemical exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, cancer, and DNA and cytogenetic damage. Multiple physical exposures seemed to increase the risk of hearing loss, whereas coexposures to physical and biomechanical hazards were associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders among agricultural workers. Conclusion: Few studies have explored the impact of multiple occupational exposures on the health of agricultural workers. A very limited number of studies have investigated the effect of coexposures among biomechanical, physical, and chemical hazards on occupational health, which indicates a need for further research in this area.

법인 택시기사의 승객피해 경험과 사업장 안전문화수준에 따른 신체적 정서적 건강 (Workplace Hazards, Work Environment, and Physical-Affective Health of Taxi Drivers)

  • 고정미;고진강
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.246-257
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to physical and affective well-being of taxi drivers. The main factors of interests were workplace hazards and work environment. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A convenience sampling method was utilized. 181 taxi drivers in Seoul metropolitan area completed survey questionnaires. Result: In bivariate analysis, payment system, workplace hazards, and work environment were associated with physical health of taxi drivers. Multiple regression analysis revealed payment system and workplace hazards were significant predictors of physical health. On the other hand, age and workplace hazards, and work environment were significantly associated with affective health in the bivariate analysis. Moreover, workplace hazards and environment were significant predictors of affective health in the multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: To improve taxi drivers' health status, it is critical to reform payment system to monthly payment, establish prevention policies of workplace hazards, and encourage employers and taxi drivers to make efforts for better work environment.

국내 제조업 화재사고 데이터 분석을 통한 복합 유해·위험요인 확인 (Identifying Hazard of Fire Accidents in Domestic Manufacturing Industry Using Data Analytics)

  • 김경민;서용윤;이종빈;장성록
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2023
  • Revising the Occupational Safety and Health Act led to enacting and revising related laws and systems, such as placing fire observers in hot workplaces. However, the operating standards in such cases are still ambiguous. Although fire accidents occur through multiple and multi-step factors, the hazards of fire accidents have been identified in this study as individual rather than interrelated factors. The aim has been to identify multiple factors of accidents, outlining fire and explosion accidents that recently occurred in the domestic manufacturing industry. First, major keywords were extracted through text mining. Then representative accident types were derived by combining the main keywords through the co-word network analysis to identify the hazards and their relationships. The representative fire accidents were identified as six types, and their major hazards were then addressed for improving safety measures using the identification of hazards in the "Risk Assessment" tool. It is found that various safety measures, such as professional fire observers' training and clear placement standards, are needed. This study will provide useful basic data for revising practical laws and guidelines for fire accident prevention, system supplementation, safety policy establishment, and future related research.

Extreme wind speeds from multiple wind hazards excluding tropical cyclones

  • Lombardo, Franklin T.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.467-480
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    • 2014
  • The estimation of wind speed values used in codes and standards is an integral part of the wind load evaluation process. In a number of codes and standards, wind speeds outside of tropical cyclone prone regions are estimated using a single probability distribution developed from observed wind speed data, with no distinction made between the types of causal wind hazard (e.g., thunderstorm). Non-tropical cyclone wind hazards (i.e., thunderstorm, non-thunderstorm) have been shown to possess different probability distributions and estimation of non-tropical cyclone wind speeds based on a single probability distribution has been shown to underestimate wind speeds. Current treatment of non-tropical cyclone wind hazards in worldwide codes and standards is touched upon in this work. Meteorological data is available at a considerable number of United States (U.S.) stations that have information on wind speed as well as the type of causal wind hazard. In this paper, probability distributions are fit to distinct storm types (i.e., thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm) and the results of these distributions are compared to fitting a single probability distribution to all data regardless of storm type (i.e., co-mingled). Distributions fitted to data separated by storm type and co-mingled data will also be compared to a derived (i.e., "mixed") probability distribution considering multiple storm types independently. This paper will analyze two extreme value distributions (e.g., Gumbel, generalized Pareto). It is shown that mixed probability distribution, on average, is a more conservative measure for extreme wind speed estimation. Using a mixed distribution is especially conservative in situations where a given wind speed value for either storm type has a similar probability of occurrence, and/or when a less frequent storm type produces the highest overall wind speeds. U.S. areas prone to multiple non-tropical cyclone wind hazards are identified.

전문가와 비전문가의 환경 및 과학기술 위험에 대한 위해도 인식 차이 (Differences of Experts and Non-experts in Perceiving Environmental and Technological Risks)

  • 함명일;권호장;이후연;박화규;이상규
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 2009
  • Objective : The objective of this study was to examine how experts and the public perceived various environmental and technological hazards based on psychometric paradigm. Methods : We conducted a survey that included 30 hazards and 10 risk attributes. Subjects of this study were 214 people with three groups; (1) experts (55 people), (2) graduates( 78 people), (3) under graduates (81 people). Factor analysis was used to confirm the common risk attribute from 8 risk attributes. Also, multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing on perceived risk and benefit of hazards. Results : This study revealed that experts tend to be more tolerant than graduates and under graduate students for the 30 hazards. Using factor analysis, two main factors were identified: factor 1, commonly called "Dread Risk", and factors 2, commonly called, "Unknown Risk" in the literature. We identified that environmental hormone concentration and global warming ranked high in both dread risk and unknown risk. Multiple regression models were used to test the association of perceived social risk and perceived social benefit with two main factors. Dread risk had significant explanatory power on perceived social risk and benefit. We identified that the experts were less likely to perceived dread risk and know more information about the hazards. Conclusions : There were differences of risk perception between experts and lay people. Especially, experts' perception of risk was commonly lower than other people's perception.

Estimating causal effect of multi-valued treatment from observational survival data

  • Kim, Bongseong;Kim, Ji-Hyun
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.675-688
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    • 2020
  • In survival analysis of observational data, the inverse probability weighting method and the Cox proportional hazards model are widely used when estimating the causal effects of multiple-valued treatment. In this paper, the two kinds of weights have been examined in the inverse probability weighting method. We explain the reason why the stabilized weight is more appropriate when an inverse probability weighting method using the generalized propensity score is applied. We also emphasize that a marginal hazard ratio and the conditional hazard ratio should be distinguished when defining the hazard ratio as a treatment effect under the Cox proportional hazards model. A simulation study based on real data is conducted to provide concrete numerical evidence.

다중재난하중을 받는 인접건물의 연결제어에 대한 연구 (Research on Coupling Control of Adjacent Buildings under Multiple Hazards)

  • 곽신영;김현수
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.36-41
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문에서는 다중재난하중을 받는 인접건물의 동적응답에 대한 연결제어기법의 제어성능을 수치해석적인 방법을 사용하여 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 강진지역인 LA 지역의 지진하중과 강풍지역인 찰스턴 지역의 풍하중을 사용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 인공 지진하중과 풍하중은 ASCE 7-10을 바탕으로 생성하였고 인공지진하중은 SIMQKE을 사용하여 작성하였으며 인공풍하중은 Kaimal Spectrum을 이용하여 작성하였다. 10층 및 20층의 인접구조물을 예제구조물로 사용하였고 비선형 이력댐퍼를 이용하여 연결제어를 하였다. 비선형 이력댐퍼를 간편하게 모형화하기 위하여 주로 MR 감쇠기를 모형화 할 때 사용하는 Bouc-Wen 모델을 사용하였다. 비선형 이력댐퍼는 10층에만 설치한 경우와 1층에서 10층까지 모든 층에 설치한 경우에 대해서 고려하였다. 각 층에 사용하는 댐퍼의 개수를 증가시킨 파라메터 스터디를 수행하였고 지진하중 및 풍하중에 대한 최적의 성능을 보이는 설계안을 검토하였다. 수치해석결과 비선형 이력댐퍼를 이용한 연결제어를 통하여 다중재난 하중에 대한 인접건물의 동적응답을 효과적으로 저감시킬 수 있었고 각각의 재난하중에 대한 최적설계결과가 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 연결되는 감쇠기를 과도하게 사용하면 오히려 구조물의 응답을 증가시킬 수 있으므로 주의 깊은 설계과정이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

복합 공간데이터베이스 적용을 통한 해안 시설영역 지진 유발 지반재해의 가시적 평가 (Visible Assessment of Earthquake-induced Geotechnical Hazards by Adopting Integrated Geospatial Database in Coastal Facility Areas)

  • 김한샘;선창국
    • 한국지진공학회논문집
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.171-180
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    • 2016
  • Earthquake event keeps increasing every year, and the recent cases of earthquake hazards invoke the necessity of seismic study in Korea, as geotechnical earthquake hazards, such as strong ground motion, liquefaction and landslides, are a significant threat to structures in industrial hub areas including coastal facilities. In this study, systemized framework of integrated assessment of earthquake-induced geotechnical hazard was established using advanced geospatial database. And a visible simulation of the framework was specifically conducted at two coastal facility areas in Incheon. First, the geospatial-grid information in the 3D domain were constructed with geostatistical interpolation method composed of multiple geospatial coverage mapping and 3D integration of geo-layer construction considering spatial outliers and geotechnical uncertainty. Second, the behavior of site-specific seismic responses were assessed by incorporating the depth to bedrock, mean shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m, and characteristic site period based on the geospatial-grid. Third, the normalized correlations between rock-outcrop accelerations and the maximum accelerations of each grid were determined considering the site-specific seismic response characteristics. Fourth, the potential damage due to liquefaction was estimated by combining the geospatial-grid and accelerations correlation grid based on the simplified liquefaction potential index evaluation method.

Hazard Recognition and Construction Safety Training Efficacy using Interactive Virtual Reality (VR)

  • Saiyad, Meeranali;Rybkowski, Zofia K.;Suermann, Patrick;Dixit, Manish;Luhan, Gregory;Shanbari, Hamzah
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.1209-1216
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    • 2022
  • The majority of construction site incidents occur due to a lack of hazard awareness among workers on job sites. This lack of awareness is despite mandatory construction safety training, typically in the form of written content (safety manuals) or of images depicting hazards. To reduce job-site injuries and fatalities, general contractors have started adopting Virtual Reality (VR) to impart safety training to job site personnel. VR safety training can take the form of an immersive simulation comprising potential safety hazards intentionally embedded into a virtual job site; users are required to identify these hazards within a specified time frame with the expectation that they will be more adept at recognizing hazards on an actual job-site, resulting in fewer accidents. This research study seeks to identify the actual impacts of VR on construction safety awareness among participants. The research addresses the following question: Does VR improve hazard recognition awareness? The primary objective is to evaluate participants' performance of past construction safety awareness against present construction safety awareness after receiving VR training. Participants were asked to complete a multiple-choice Qualtrics™ questionnaire. The results of the study showed a statistically significant knowledge gain advantage with respect to hazard recognition and construction safety awareness with the use of interactive, immersive VR over a more conventional and passive safety training method.

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Trusted Fog Based Mashup Service for Multimedia IoT based Smart Environmental Monitoring

  • Elmisery, Ahmed M.;Sertovic, Mirela
    • Journal of Multimedia Information System
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    • 제4권4호
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    • pp.171-178
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    • 2017
  • Data mashup is a web technology that combines information from multiple sources into a single web application. Mashup applications create a new horizon for new services, like environmental monitoring. Environmental monitoring is a serious tool for the state and private organizations, which are located in regions with environmental hazards and seek to gain insights to detect hazards and locate them clearly. These organizations utilize a data mashup to merge datasets from different Internet of multimedia things (IoMT) context-based services in order to leverage its data analytics performance and the accuracy of the predictions. However, mashup different datasets from multiple sources is a privacy hazard as it might reveal citizens specific behaviors in different regions. The ability to preserve privacy in mashuped datasets and at the same time provide accurate insights becomes a key success for the spread of mashup services. In this paper, we present our efforts to build a fog-based middleware for private data mashup (FMPM) to serve a centralized environmental monitoring service. The proposed middleware is equipped with concealment mechanisms to preserve the privacy of the merged datasets from multiple IoMT networks involved in the mashup application. Also, these mechanisms preserve the aggregates in the dataset to maximize the usability of information to attain accurate analytical results. We also provide a scenario for IoMT-enabled data mashup service and experimentation results.