• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2004

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD)로 오염된 토양의 현장 광분해 정화 과정에서 가장 중요한 이동 메커니즘인 지표에서의 증발 및 광분해에 의한 유기 용매의 이류 상방향 이동에 대한 수식화와 모델 개발을 수행하였다. 각 유체 분포에 대한 다상 유동 효과, 구동력으로서의 중력, k-S-p 관계의 정확한 묘사를 위한 van Genutchen 방정식을 포함한 유한요소법 기반의 수치 모델을 제안하였다. 실험실 규모의 비포화 토양 컬럼 내 용매 이동에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자들을 조사하기 위하여 수행한 계산의 결과들을 제시하였다. 중력은 고투수성 토양의 유체 분포와 증발에 상당한 영향을 미쳤다. 토양의 종류 또한 증발 과정 중 유체 포화도 분포에 큰 영향을 미친다. 용매의 이류 이동량은 증발량이 증가할수록 초기 물 포화도가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 시뮬레이션은 개발된 모델이 토양 환경 내에서 유기 용매의 이류 이동에 영향을 미치는 다양한 인자들의 영향을 분석하는데 유용함을 보여준다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.274-281
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• 2018

Experimental studies of the hydrodynamic performance of the draft tube conical spout-fluid bed (DCSF) were conducted using pharmaceutical pellets. The experiments were carried out in a DCSF consisted of two sections: (a) a conical section with the cross section of $120mm{\times}250mm$ and the height of 270 mm, (b) a cylindrical section with the diameter of 250 mm and the height of 600 mm. The flow characteristics of solids were investigated with a high speed camera and a pezoresistive absolute pressure transducer simultaneously. These characteristics revealed different flow regimes in the DCSF: packed bed at low gas velocities, fluidized bed in draft tube at higher gas velocities until minimum spouting, and spouted bed. The stable spouting was identified by the presence of two dominant frequencies of the power spectrum density of pressure fluctuation signature: (i) the frequency band 6-9 Hz and (ii) the frequency band 12-15 Hz. The pressure drops across the draft tube as well as the annulus measured in order to better recognize the flow structure in the DCSF. It was observed that the pressure drop across the draft tube, the pressure drop across the annulus, and the minimum spouting velocity increase with the increase in the height of draft tube and distance of the entrainment zone, but with the decrease in the distributor hole pitch. Finally, this study provided novel insight into the hydrodynamic of DCSF, particularly minimum spouting and stable spouting in the DCSF which contains valuable information for process design and scale-up of spouted bed equipment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1540-1555
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• 2021

The plate-type fuel assembly adopted in nuclear research reactor suffers from complicated effect induced by non-uniform irradiation, which might affect its stress conditions, mechanical behavior and thermal-hydraulic performance. A reliable numerical method is of great importance to reveal the complex evolution of mechanical deformation, flow redistribution and temperature field for the plate-type fuel assembly under non-uniform irradiation. This paper is the first part of a two-part study developing the numerical methodology for the thermal-fluid-structure coupling behaviors of plate-type fuel assembly under irradiation. In this paper, the thermal-fluid-structure coupling methodology has been developed for plate-type fuel assembly under non-uniform irradiation condition by exchanging thermal-hydraulic and mechanical deformation parameters between Finite Element Model (FEM) software and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software with Mesh-based parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI), which has been validated with experimental results. Based on the established methodology, the effects of non-uniform irradiation and fluid were discussed, which demonstrated that the maximum mechanical deformation with irradiation was dozens of times larger than that without irradiation and the hydraulic load on fuel plates due to differential pressure played a dominant role in the mechanical deformation.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.361-372
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• 2019

The flow pattern of air layers and skin-friction drag reduction by air injection are investigated to find the suitable multiphase flow model using unstructured finite-volume CFD solver for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. In the present computations, two different multiphase flow modeling approaches, such as the Volume of Fluid (VOF) and the Eulerian Multi-Phase (EMP), are adopted to investigate their performances in resolving the two-phase flow pattern and in estimating the frictional drag reduction. First of all, the formation pattern of air layers generated by air injection through a circular opening on the bottom of a flat plate are investigated. These results are then compared with those of MMkiharju's experimental results. Subsequently, the quantitative ratios of skin-friction drag reduction including the behavior of air layers, within turbulent boundary layers in large scale and at high Reynolds number conditions, are investigated under the same conditions as the model test that has been conducted in the US Navy's William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel (LCC). From these results, it is found that both VOF and EMP models have similar capability and accuracy in capturing the topology of ventilated air cavities so called'air pockets and branches'. However, EMP model is more favorable in predicting quantitatively the percentage of frictional drag reduction by air injection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1556-1568
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• 2021

The plate-type fuel assembly adopted in nuclear research reactor suffers from complicated effect induced by non-uniform irradiation, which might affect stress conditions, mechanical behaviors and thermal-hydraulic performance of the fuel assembly. This paper is the Part II work of a two-part study devoted to analyzing the complex unique mechanical deformation and thermal-hydraulic characteristics for the typical plate-type fuel assembly under irradiation effect, which is on the basis of developed and verified numerical thermal-fluid-structure coupling methodology under irradiation in Part I of this work. The mechanical deformation, thermal-hydraulic performance and Mises stress have been analyzed for the typical plate-type fuel assembly consisting of support plates under non-uniform irradiation. It was interesting to observe that: the plate-type fuel assembly including the fuel plates and support plates tended to bend towards the location with maximum fission rate; the hot spots in the fuel foil appeared at the location with maximum thickness increment; the maximum Mises stress of fuel foil was located at the adjacent location with the maximum plate thickness increment et al.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.3017-3029
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• 2023

In the late in-vessel phase of a nuclear reactor severe accident, the internal heat transfer and crust evolution during the debris bed melting process have important effects on the thermal load distribution along the vessel wall, and further affect the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure mode and the state of melt during leakage. This study coupled the phase change model and large eddy simulation to investigate the variations of the temperature, melt liquid fraction, crust and heat flux distributions during the debris bed melting process in the hypothetical severe accident of HPR1000. The results indicated that the heat flow towards the vessel wall and upper surface were similar at the beginning stage of debris melting, but the upward heat flow increased significantly as the development of the molten pool. The maximum heat flux towards the vessel wall reached 0.4 MW/m². The thickness of lower crust decreased as the debris melting. It was much thicker at the bottom region with the azimuthal angle below 20° and decreased rapidly at the azimuthal angle around 20-50°. The maximum and minimum thicknesses were 2 and 90 mm, respectively. By contrast, the distribution of upper crust was uniform and reached stable state much earlier than the lower crust, with the thickness of about 10 mm. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of initial condition indicated that as the decrease of time interval from reactor scram to debris bed dried-out, the maximum debris temperature and melt fraction became larger, the lower crust thickness became thinner, but the upper crust had no significant change. The sensitivity analysis of in-vessel retention (IVR) strategies indicated that the passive and active external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) had little effect on the internal heat transfer and crust evolution. In the case not considering the internal reactor vessel cooling (IRVC), the upper crust was not obvious.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3775-3786
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• 2023

Mixing Vane Grid (MVG) is one of the most important structures in fuel assembly due to its high performance in mixing the coolant and ultimately increasing Critical Heat Flux (CHF), which avoids the temperature rising suddenly of fuel rods. To evaluate the mixing performance of the MVG, a Total Diffusion Coefficient (TDC) mixing coefficient is defined in the subchannel analysis code. Conventionally, the TDC of the spacer grid is obtained from the combination of experiments and subchannel analysis. However, the processing of obtaining and determine a reasonable TDC is much challenging, it is affected by boundary conditions and MVG geometries. In is difficult to perform all the large and costing rod bundle tests. In this paper, the CFD method was applied in TDC analysis. A typical 5 × 5 MVG was simulated and validated to estimate the mixing performance of the MVG. The subchannel code was used to calculate the TDC. Firstly, the CFD method was validated from the aspect of pressure drop and lateral temperature distribution in the subchannels. Then the effect of boundary conditions including the inlet temperature, inlet velocities, heat flux ratio between hot and cold rods and the arrangement of hot and cold rods on MVG mixing and TDC were studied. The geometric effects on mixing are also carried out in this paper. The effect of vane pattern on mixing was investigated to determine which one is the best to represent the grid's mixing performance.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.803-812
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• 2023

The subsea separator of an offshore plant for offshore oil and gas development performs the process of separating oil and gas from crude oil produced in the subsea. The oil-gas subsea separator can be divided into a gravity type that separates fluids by gravity and an in-line type that separates fluids using centrifugal force of density. In the case of the deep sea, the development of a small in-line type separator is required due to manufacturing cost and safety problems caused by water pressure. Therefore, in this study, the gas-liquid phase separation efficiency of the subsea separator was identified through the study of the multiphase flow characteristics of the in-line type separator. For the optimal design of the in-line type separator, the shape of the internal swirl element(ISE) was selected first, and the separation efficiency results for each section of the in-line type separator were analyzed. This study was conducted in parallel with experiments and numerical analysis, and it is expected that the reliability and efficiency of the in-line type separator will be improved through the results.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1996

지하의 유체 유동 및 물질 변환을 해석하기 위하여 다중다상이론을 이용한 통합 모형을 개발하였다 종합적 지배식은 4개의 상내의 화합물들의 물질 및 힘평형 관계를 고려하여 유도되었다. 복합한 이동 및 변환 현상을 설명하고, 공간적 차원을 변동적으로 나타내기 위하여 관계된 모든 변수 및 식들을 함축적이면서 조직적으로 표현하였다. 도출된 비선형시스템은 다차원 유한요소프로_I램으로서 해를 구하였다. 본 개발된 프로그램은 역동적으로 메모리 용량을 조절하여 일이삼차원 문제를 PC부터 SP2슈퍼컴퓨터까지 여러 종류의 기종에서 해석할 수 있다. 계산시간과 저장용량을 줄이기 위하여 시스템식을 분리시키고, 슈퍼컴의 벡터 및 병렬처리를 이용하여 띠행렬의 해를 구하였다. 유속이 우세한 경우의 수치해석상의 불안정한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 상류가중, 질량묶음, 요소별 파라미터 평가법 등을 적용하였다. 일차원 이동문제에 대하여 유한요소법과 유한차분법의 수치해의 안정성 조건을 검토하였다. 구체적인 지하수 유동 및 오염문제에 대한 모델링 예는 본 논문집의 연계 논문에 수록하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

자유수면을 포함하는 파동장과 같이 단상의 경계가 시간발전에 따라 지속적으로 변화하는 경우나 액상과 기상이 혼합되는 문제에 있어서는 다상유동(multiphase flow) 문제를 적용하는 예가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 파동장과 같은 자유수면의 문제를 취급하는데 있어서는 혼합되지 않는 액상과 기상의 비압축성 뉴턴유체를 고려한 혼상류 모델이 적용되는 경우가 많다. 일반적으로 혼상류 모델은 각상의 경계면에 대한 시간기반 거동추적이 필수적이며, 궁극적으로는 계산의 정도를 좌우한다. 본 연구는 다양한 CFD 수치해석코드에 적용되고 있는 대표적인 VOF-type의 경계면 추적기법들의 이류성능을 평가하였다. 특히, 기존의 전통적인 VOF-type의 경계면 추적기법 및 이류계산에서 발생하는 수치확산을 최소화하기 위해 수치유속(numerical flux)을 제어하는 FCT 법의 효용성을 평가하고, 더불어 CIP 법을 활용한 자유수면 추적성능의 가능성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 적용한 제한된 조건하에서는 수치확산 방지를 위해 수치확산방지 유속을 도입한 FCT-VOF 법이 가장 높은 경계면의 추적성능을 보였다. 본 연구에서 도출되는 결과는 다양한 수치해석코드에 적용되는 자유수면의 추적기법을 선택함에 있어서 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.