• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.36C no.12
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

Given a domain, client applications over the Internet are in support of the DNS (Domain Name System) to get its corresponding IP address. Currently, only domain names expressed by ASCII code are recognized over the Internet. This enforces the usage of ASCII domain names even in countries which use languages based on multilingual code other than ASCII code. In this paper, we present a methodology to support multilingual domain names on top of the existing DNS. The methodology is based on code translation of domain names in multilingual code into ASCII code via UTF5. We implement a gateway, called Proxy Hangul DNS (P-HDNS) based on the proposed methodology. This paper presents the principles of the methodology and the implementation details of P-HDNS.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4E
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• pp.3-16
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• 2001

An ASCII encoding of Korean has been developed for extended phonetic transcription of the Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA). SAMPA is a machine-readable phonetic alphabet used for multilingual computing. It has been developed since 1987 and extended to more than twenty languages. The motivating factor for creating Korean SAMPA (K-SAMPA) is to label Korean speech for a multilingual corpus or to transcribe native language (Ll) interfered pronunciation of a second language learner for bilingual education. Korean SAMPA represents each Korean allophone with a particular SAMPA symbol. Sounds that closely resemble it are represented by the same symbol, regardless of the language they are uttered in. Each of its symbols represents a speech sound that is spectrally and temporally so distinct as to be perceptually different when the components are heard in isolation. Each type of sound has a separate IPA-like designation. Korean SAMPA is superior to other transcription systems with similar objectives. It describes better the cross-linguistic sound quality of Korean than the official Romanization system, proclaimed by the Korean government in July 2000, because it uses an internationally shared phonetic alphabet. It is also phonetically more accurate than the official Romanization in that it dispenses with orthographic adjustments. It is also more convenient for computing than the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) because it consists of the symbols on a standard keyboard. This paper demonstrates how the Korean SAMPA can express allophonic details and prosodic features by adopting the transcription conventions of the extended SAMPA (X-SAMPA) and the prosodic SAMPA(SAMPROSA).

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-79
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to investigate search efficiency of controlled vocabulary versus uncontrolled vocabulary subject access in online catalog systems. The question of the effectiveness of controlled versus uncontrolled vocabulary in information retrieval has been raised in many literatures. A debate continues in the Library and Information Science Professions over the relative merit, appropriateness, and efficiency of uncontrolled vocabulary subject access in online catalog systems. Actually users used to combine uncontrolled vocabulary subject searching with controlled vocabulary subject searching. But the success of user's subject search depends on his choice of search terms. Also the technical developments that facilitate cooperation among information services in general make it increasingly possible for such cooperation to take place on an international level. In this study, several common types of vocabularies on online catalog systems are described and compared, especially usages of vocabularies in multilingual environment are analyzed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1409-1425
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• 2021

In wide-ranging information society, fast and easy access to information in language of one's choice is indispensable, which may be provided by using various multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Natural language text contains references among different language elements, called anaphoric links. Resolving anaphoric links is a key problem in NLP. Anaphora resolution is an essential part of NLP applications. Anaphoric links need to be properly interpreted for clear understanding of natural languages. For this purpose, a mechanism is desirable for the identification and resolution of these naturally occurring anaphoric links. In this paper, a framework based on Hobbs syntactic approach and a system developed by Lappin & Leass is proposed for resolution of reflexive anaphoric links, present in Urdu text documents. Generally, anaphora resolution process takes three main steps: identification of the anaphor, location of the candidate antecedent(s) and selection of the appropriate antecedent. The proposed framework is based on exploring the syntactic structure of reflexive anaphors to find out various features for constructing heuristic rules to develop an algorithm for resolving these anaphoric references. System takes Urdu text containing reflexive anaphors as input, and outputs Urdu text with resolved reflexive anaphoric links. Despite having scarcity of Urdu resources, our results are encouraging. The proposed framework can be utilized in multilingual NLP (m-NLP) applications.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.281-302
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• 2020

This study aims to suggest the ways to improve academic library's services for foreign users. For this purpose, this study analysed foreign user services of the libraries of universities which have more than 1,000 foreign students and also examined the K university library's foreign user services. And this research classified the information services for foreign users into four types, which are multilingual library homepage, multilingual notices, librarian dedicated to foreigners and multilingual user education. This study analysed the information services of a librarian dedicated to foreigners, user education for foreign students, library space for foreigners and specialized programs for foreign users and also examined the user education satisfactory survey of the K university library and conducted in-depth interview with foreign students and faculties of the K university to figure out the effect of foreign user services. As a result, this research suggests 'providing multilingual service through positioning a librarian for foreign users', 'study and research support services through customized user education', 'developing specialized service' and 'supporting extracurricular program by academic library' as the practical ways to improve academic library's services for foreign users.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.321-326
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• 2020

This paper is to analyze the language education policy in the context of multilingualism. As the majority of the population are multilingual, language policy should be centered on the multilingual speakers as the norm, and multilingual language policy is the best route which we can follow as a language policy in education. The motivation and legitimacy of the multilingual policies are suggested in terms of 6 different perspectives: identity, sustainability, equity, World Englishes, machine translation, and Universal Grammar (UG). As a model of language policy, the English-Plus (i.e., English+n) policy and similarly the Korean-Plus (i.e., Korean+n) policy are suggested to be the most appropriate language policies in the field of education in America and Korea respectively. These plus policies aim at bilingual fluency in both the native language and other foreign languages that are constitutive of the multilingualism of the country in which the bilingualism is treated as a variant of multilingualism. In a period of convergence and diversity in the 4^th Industrial Revolution, language diversity and multilingual policy should be considered as a right to be protected or as a resource to be conserved rather than as a problem to be solved.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.515-528
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• 2023

With the growth of the e-commerce market, consumers increasingly rely on user reviews to make purchasing decisions. Consequently, researchers are actively conducting studies to effectively analyze these reviews. Among the various methods of sentiment analysis, the aspect-based sentiment analysis approach, which examines user reviews from multiple angles rather than solely relying on simple positive or negative sentiments, is gaining widespread attention. Among the various methodologies for aspect-based sentiment analysis, there is an analysis method using a transformer-based model, which is the latest natural language processing technology. In this paper, we conduct an aspect-based sentiment analysis on multilingual user reviews using two real datasets from the latest natural language processing technology model. Specifically, we use restaurant data from the SemEval 2016 public dataset and multilingual user review data from the cosmetic domain. We compare the performance of transformer-based models for aspect-based sentiment analysis and apply various methodologies to improve their performance. Models using multilingual data are expected to be highly useful in that they can analyze multiple languages in one model without building separate models for each language.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10c
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• pp.328-330
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• 2000

DNS(Domain Name Service)는 인터넷 호스트의 주소를 제공하는 서비스로써 기존의 시스템은 영어 알파벳 이외의 다른 언어들로 구성된 도메인 네임(Domain Name)은 처리하지 못한다. 최근, 인터넷의 국제화에 따른 다국어 도메인의 필요성이 점차 증대됨에 따라 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 다국어 도메인 이름을 처리할 수 있는 새로운 DNS 프로토콜인 mlDNS(Multilingual Domain Name Service)를 제안한다. 기존의 DNS와의 호환성 및 상호 운용성을 보장하고 특정 언어에 종속되지 않는 시스템을 디자인하기 위해 mlDNS에서는 Unicode 문자 집합을 기반으로 모든 DNS 질의를 UTF-8 인코딩 방식으로 처리하고 이러한 새로운 mlDNS 질의와 기존의 DNS 질의를 구분하기 위해 DNS 질의 헤더에 'IN'이라는 새로운 비트 영역을 지정하여 사용한다.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.321-334
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• 2013

Recently EAI WG of IETF has published standards for multilingual support in the local part of the e-mail address. Between 2009 and 2010, EAI WG published RFC documents, called the EAI standard, extension to the existing mail-related RFC documents, and EAI has been implemented and tested. In the course of reviewing the results, this yielded a proposal to modify the EAI standard. As a result, EAI WG has published modified RFC documents, called the EAI bis standard. SMTPUTF8 mail server described in this paper has been implemented according to the EAI bis standard. In addition, it has the ability to support two different standards to support the multilingual domain part of the e-mail address, IDNA and EAI bis. Futhermore, SMTPUTF8 mail server can encode in punycode the local part of the e-mail address. Finally, interoperability testing shows that SMTPUTF8 mail server is well-implemented according to the EAI bis standard.

• Language and Information
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-41
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• 1998

Evaluation of multilingual translation fundamentally involves measurement of meaning equivalences between the formally mapped discourses/texts of SL(source language) and TL(target language) both represented by a metalanguage called IL(interlingua). Unlike a usaal uni-directional MT(machine translation) model(e.g.:SL $\rightarrow$ analysis $\rightarrow$ transfer $\rightarrow$ generation $\rightarrow$ TL), a bi-directional(by 'negotiation') model(i.e.: SL $\rightarrow$ IL/S $\leftrightarrow$ IL $\leftrightarrow$ IL/T \leftarrow TL) is proposed here for the purpose of evaluating multilingual, not merely bilingual, translation. The IL, as conceived of in this study, is an English-based predicate logic represented in the framework of MRS(minimal recursion semantics), an MT-oriented off-shoot of HPSG(Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar). In addition, a list of semantic and pragmatic checkpoints are set up, some being optional depending on the kind and use of the translation, so sa to have the evaluation of translation fine-grained by computing matching or mismatching of such checkpoints.