• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2022

This paper is motivated by social influence theory implying the multilevel nature of knowledge management (KM) in an organization. Organizational knowledge is generated and distributed by individuals from different groups across organizational boundaries. Its transfers are supported by IS/IT practice, i.e., the individual and collective use of the technology available in the organization. I propose a multilevel perspective to explain how IS/IT practice supports multilevel KM capabilities to manage organizational knowledge successfully and how the effectiveness of multilevel KM capabilities expands into the improvement of multilevel task-related organizational performance. The multilevel KM theory extends the knowledge-based view of the firm by describing the dynamic process through which strategic values of knowledge are generated by IS/IT practice across the organizational levels. This paper also discusses multilevel insights on the strategic value of organizational learning based on the social context of organizations.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 다단계 보안 데이터베이스에서 동시성 정도를 향상시키고, 보안 요구사항을 만족하는 향상된 트랜잭션 스케쥴링 프로토콜을 제안한다. 전통적인 직렬성 표기를 가진 두단계 잠금 기법을 다단계 보안 데이터베이스에 적용했다. 이타적 잠금기법은 기부라는 사상을 사용하여 트랜잭션이 더 잇아 그 객체를 요구하지 않을 때 다른 트랜잭션들이 그 객체를 로크할 수 있도록 미리 객체에 대한 로크를 해제함으로써 트랜잭션들의 대기시간을 줄이기 위해서 제안된 것이다. 확장형 이타적 잠금기법은 처음에 기부되지 않은 객체까지도 처리하는 좀 더 완화된 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 다단계 보안 데이터베이스에서 단기 트랜잭션의 기아현상을 최소화하도록 하였다. 본 프로토콜은 확장형 잠금 기법(XAL/MLS)을 기초로 하였으나, 새로운 방법인 다단계 보안 데이터베이스를 위한 양방향 기부 잠금 규약(2DL/MLS)으로 보안 여구와 동시성 제어를 동시에 만족한다. 제안된 프로토콜의 효율성은 실험의 결과로 확인되었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2007

A sample of 322 18-month-old infants and their mothers were assessed longitudinally at 24 and 30 months. Maternal utterances and styles of linguistic interaction were measured during a 10 minute free play session. Mothers completed a vocabulary checklist for infants. Longitudinal data were analyzed by multilevel modeling. Results indicated that vocabulary increased with age of infants and the growth rate was highly predictable by the size of vocabulary at 18 months. The growth rate was strongly influenced by maternal questioning and feedback. The effect of the maternal linguistic input was constant with age. Gender differences in size of vocabulary did not vary systematically with age.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.807-816
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce an efficient new model reduction method, named the automated static condensation method, which is developed for the local analysis of large finite element models. The algebraic multilevel substructuring procedure is modified appropriately, and then applied to the original static condensation method. The retained substructure, which is the local finite element model to be analyzed, is defined, and then the remaining part of the global model is automatically partitioned into many omitted substructures in an algebraic perspective. For an efficient condensation procedure, a substructural tree diagram and substructural sets are established. Using these, the omitted substructures are sequentially condensed into the retained substructure to construct the reduced model. Using several large practical engineering problems, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in terms of its solution accuracy and computational efficiency, compared to the original static condensation method and the superelement technique.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.237-240
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• 2005

Social epidemiology is a sub-discipline of epidemiology explicitly investigating social determinants of population distributions of health, disease, and well-being. Persistent pattern of social inequalities in health in spite of the broad improvement in the physical environment over the last centuries necessitated the development of this field as an approach to understand disease etiology that incorporates social experiences as more direct determinant of health. Social epidemiology incorporates theories, measurement tools, and techniques from a wide variety of other social sciences. A population perspective, the social context of behavior, contextual multilevel analysis, a developmental and life-course perspective, and general susceptibility to disease are the most important guiding concepts in social epidemiology.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.263-280
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• 2023

This study examined four ecological systems, namely individual, family, school, and media environments. A series of moderator analyses were conducted to examine variations in effect size estimates across the study characteristics. The current study estimated that the effect size results were gleaned from 360 primary studies, including 90 journal articles and 270 thesis/dissertations, published between 2011 and 2022. The current meta-analysis results supported the ecological framework. That is, the impact of each ecological system on the development of positive and negative peer relationships varies depending on age groups and protective-risk factors. Specifically, for positive peer relationships, the largest effect size of the protective factor was found at the individual level for young and school- aged children, but at the school level for adolescents. Regarding the risk factors for positive peer relationships, the media was the ecological system with the strongest effect size for both young children and adolescents, while the individual-level demonstrating the strongest effect for school-aged children. Results from this meta-analysis allow us to identify some vital intervention areas in terms of healthy peer-relationship development, which should be of considerable interest to the educators and policymakers who are responsible for assessing and intervening with at-risk young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. From a practical standpoint, the current meta-analysis results are expected to contribute to developing effective prevention initiatives by targeting specific protective and risk factors for peer relationship development on the ecological system level.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.171-200
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• 2023

This research aims to analyze the external activities of local governments in South Korea from the perspective of the developing trends in city diplomacy, contrary to the conventional and narrow concept regarding local government's international exchange and cooperation as a public diplomacy. In detail, this research intends to illustrate the following: first, to differentiate South Korean local governments' growing commitment to international affairs from public diplomacy; second, to highlight the integration of public diplomacy with other forms of diplomacy within the framework of city diplomacy. This research argues that city diplomacy in South Korea has gradually shown the following three trends and characteristics. First, South Korean local governments have recognized the importance of participating in multilateral diplomacy via city networks to find compelling solutions to non-traditional and transnational security threats. They perceive this external activity as an opportunity for policy sharing and problem-solving with foreign partners. Second, local governments in South Korea have been fostering various ways to institutionalize their involvement in foreign affairs and organizations, such as amendments to related laws and the launching of task forces, to pursue so-called sustainable and systematic international exchange and cooperation. Lastly, South Korean local governments have constructed multiple channels and multilevel governance in the form of public-private partnerships to enhance policy expertise and cope with diverse agendas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2020

Objectives: Our aim was to answer the following questions: (1) Can mental health variance be partitioned to individual and higher levels (e.g., neighborhood and district); (2) How much (as a percentage) do individual-level determinants explain the variability of mental health at the individual-level; and (3) How much do determinants at the neighborhood- or district-level explain the variability of mental health at the neighborhood- or district-level? Methods: We used raw data from the second round of the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool in Tehran (in 2012-2013, n=34 700 samples nested in 368 neighborhoods nested in 22 districts) and the results of the official report of Tehran's Center of Studies and Planning (in 2012-2013, n=22 districts). Multilevel linear regression models were used to answer the study questions. Results: Approximately 40% of Tehran residents provided responses suggestive of having mental health disorders (30-52%). According to estimates of residual variance, 7% of mental health variance was determined to be at the neighborhood-level and 93% at the individual-level. Approximately 21% of mental health variance at the individual-level and 49% of the remaining mental health variance at the neighborhood-level were determined by determinants at the individual-level and neighborhood-level, respectively. Conclusions: If we want to make the most effective decisions about the determinants of mental health, in addition to considering the therapeutic perspective, we should have a systemic or contextual view of the determinants of mental health.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.8-21
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• 2015

Technology for electric lighting has been evolving from Incandescent Lamp(IL) through Fluorescent Lamp(FL) and currently to Solid State Lighting(SSL) such as LED for more than 130 years of time. However, it took more than 100 years until the transition from IL to FL across overall society. That is because the transition is the Socio-Technical Transition(STT) which involves various social elements. This study investigated and analyzed the theories regarding STT, and applied the Multi-Level Perspective(MLP) theory to the case of electric lighting. A qualitative contents analysis was used with secondary data as research method, and the analyzed result was visualized based on the frame of MLP theory. The STT of electric lighting from IL to FL took place as the order of Technical Niche, Socio-Technical Regime and Landscape. Specifically, in Technical Niche level: Establishing Market Niche, Price-Performance Improvement, Learning Process and Support of Powerful Group took place. In Socio-Technical Regime level: Changes in Social Network, Changes in Technology and Changes in Rules. In Landscape level: Macro-Political Development, Socio-Economic Trends and Macro-Economic Trends took place in consecutive order.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2016

Objective: To prevent adolescent drinking and smoking, this study proposed a strategy based on the ecological perspective. Methods: The study applied multilevel moderated logistic regression analysis on nationally representative individual-level (2,046 9th grade adolescents) and neighborhood-level (92 geographic areas) data. Results: There was a positive association between risky neighborhood environments (e.g., rate of smoking, drinking, and presence of saloon/bars accommodation) and rates of adolescent drinking and smoking. Furthermore, the interplay between risky neighborhood environments and school adjustment pointed to a possible protective effect of a high level of school adjustment in predicting smoking and drinking among adolescents. Conclusion: Findings highlighted the importance of considering multiple neighborhood social contexts surrounding adolescents to understand their risky behavior. Furthermore, positive intervention strategies that focus on adolescents' positive development within the school domain may act to protect adolescents from harmful neighborhood environments.