• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2022

In this study, Enterococcus faecalis BMSE-HMP005 isolated from human breast milk demonstrated antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. The bacteriocin produced by E. faecalis BMSE-HMP005 was fractionated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This fraction showed antimicrobial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative MDR bacteria. No hemolytic reactions were observed. E. faecalis BMSEHMP005 was resistant to vancomycin; however, kanamycin, ampicillin, and erythromycin showed minimum inhibitory concentrations that were lower than the acceptable range provided by the European Food Safety Authority. For artificial gastric juice and bile acid, the survival rates were 98.67% and 95.70%, respectively. These results show the potential utility of E. faecalis BMSE-HMP005 as a probiotic with remarkable antimicrobial effects against MDR bacteria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.975-991
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• 1997

Background : Many patients with isoniazid and rifampin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis have organisms that are also resistant to other first-line drugs. Despite of aggressive retreatment chemotherapy, the results are often unsuccessful, with a failure rate approaching 40%. Recently, there has been a revival of resectional surgery for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods : A retrospective analyses of the case records and radiographic findings were done. Between January 1991 and December 1995, 14 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were selected for resection to supplement chemotherapy. All patients had organisms resistant to many of the first-line drugs, including both isoniazid and rifampin. Results : Despite of aggressive therapy for median duration of 9.5 months, 12 of the 14 patients (86%) were still sputum smear and/or culture positive at the time of surgery. The disease was generally extensive. Although main lesions of the disease including thick-walled cavities were localized in one lung, lesser amounts of contralateral disease were demonstrated in 10 of 14 (71%). Types of surgery performed were pneumonectomy including extrapleural pneumonectomy in six patients, lobectomy or lobectomy plus in six patients, and segmentectomy in two patients. The resected lung appeared to have poor function ; preoperative perfusion lung scan showed only 4.8% of the total perfusion to the resected portion of the lung. There were no operative deaths. Two patients had major postoperative complications including empyema with bronchopleural fistula and prolonged air leak, respectively. Of the 14 patients, 13 (93%) remained sputum-culture-negative for M. tuberculosis for a median duration of 23 months and one remained continuously sputum smear and culture positive for M. tuberculosis. Conclusion : On the basis of comparison with historical controls, adjunctive resectional surgery appears to play a significant beneficial role in the management of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis if the disease is localized and there are adequate reserve in pulmonary function.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.245-253
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• 2013

To provide reference data or guideline for empirical treatment of bloodstream infection, we studied a change pattern in causative microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility in a general hospital at Gyeonggi province during five years. We retrospectively reviewed the frequency of causative microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility results of 5,782 microorganisms isolated from blood culture in a general hospital during the period from January 2008 to December 2012. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (14.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.5%), Streptococcus viridans group (4.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.1%). The multiple microorganisms were isolated in 4.3% of bloodstream infection patients. The average contamination rate of blood culture during five years was 3.0%. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated at 62%, 27% and 11%, respectively. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 20% and 18%, respectively. Imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) was 25% and 66%, respectively. E. coli and S. aureus were most common pathogens isolated from blood culture for five years. The increase of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, such as MRSA, VRE, ESBL, IRPA and IRAB, requires more strict control of antibiotics and causes the need of the more updated guideline for the treatment of blood stream infection.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2013

In total, 131 Escherichia coli isolates from surface seawater of the Gomso Bay, of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 22 different antimicrobials and for genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, the resistance to tetracycline was most prevalent (33.6%), followed by that to ampicillin (22.1%), ticarcillin (22.1%), and trimethoprim (16.8%). More than 46.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 22.9% were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials; these were consequently defined as multidrug resistant. We further found that 29 ampicillin-resistant isolates possessed genes encoding TEM-type (93.1%) and SHV-type (6.9%) ${\beta}$-lactamases. Among the 44 tetracycline-resistant isolates, tetA and tetC were found in 35 (79.5%) and 19 (43.2%), respectively, whereas tetB was detected in only three isolates (6.8%). With regard to virulence genes, merely 0.8% (n = 1) and 2.3% (n = 3) of the isolates were positive for the enteroaggregative E. coli-associated plasmid (pCVD432) gene and the enteropathogenic E. coli-specific attaching and effacing (eae) gene, respectively. Overall, these results not only provide novel insight into the necessity for seawater sanitation in Gomso Bay, but they help reduce the risk of contamination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.219-220
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• 1996

The pKH2 isolated from the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 is a 40.98-kb plasmid and mediates resistance to ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The 3.4-kb HindIII fragment conferring kanamycin resistance was cloned from the pKH2 into pBluescriptII $KS^+$ and partial sequence determination of that fragment was carried out. Sequence analysis revealed that the kanamycin resistance gene which encoded aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase was linked to the streptothricin resistance gene. But a nonsense mutation was found in the streptothricin resistance gene and this mutation resulted in a truncated protein of streptothricin acetyltransferase. Homology comparison with nucleotide sequence databases revealed that the 3.4-kb HindIII fragment of pKH2 had been derived not from S. aureus but from Gram-negative Campylobacter coli.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella spp., coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio spp. isolated from broiler carcasses, aquacultured flounders, hamburgers, and lettuce, which are foods consumed in large quantities in Korea. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were isolated only from broiler carcasses and Salmonella spp. had a high multidrug resistance rate of 61.1%. Meanwhile, coliforms and S. aureus were isolated from all four foods tested in this experiment. The multidrug resistance rate of coliforms from broiler carcasses was 50%, and that of Vibrio spp. from flounders was 71.4%. The resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin or carbenicillin was common regardless of the kind of food or isolate.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

A total of 28 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from diseased pigs and swine carcasses between 2001 and 2003 were characterized by the antimicrobial resistance profiles, PCR for detection of S. Typhimurium DT104 and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with the restriction enzyme XbaI. All but one isolate presented multidrug resistance (MDR) to more than two antibiotics tested. A total of 11 resistance profiles were observed, and two phenotypes, ST and ASSuTG, were the most common among them. Two isolates were found to be S. Typhimurium DT104 isolates by PCR, and their resistance profile did not show the DT104 typical resistance type ACSSuT, but ACSSuTGK instead. PFGE identified 11 banding patterns in dendrogram, and three main clusters (designated A to C) were represented. Interestingly, sixteen of 19S. Typhimurium isolates belonging to cluster B showed an identical band pattern.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.272-274
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• 2007

During May to July 2004, three strains of Providencia spp. with multidrug-resistance (MDR) were isolated from urinary specimen of three patients hospitalized with a same hospital room. By PCR analysis, all three strains have been found to carry both VIM-2 type $metallo-{\beta}-lactamase$ gene and PER-1 type extended spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ gene. One out of three strains carried additional resistance gene, armA, 16S rRNA methylase gene responsible for high level resistance to aminoglycosides. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of Providencia spp. simultaneously carrying $bla_{VIM-2},\;bla_{PER-1}$, and armA genes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 1997

Since the advent of chemotherapy, certain types of cancer have been particularly resistant to chemotherapeutic treatment. One of the most well-studied types of resistance is resistance to multiple struc-turally dissimialr hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents, or multidrug resistance (MDR). We found that MDR cells (KBV20C, KB7D) being highly resistant to colchicine, etoposide, and vincristine were found to have very low level of putrescine and low level of spermidine than the drug sensitive parental cells (KB) but they had almost same level of spermine as the drug sensitive cells. Although both MDR and drug sensitive cells had almost same rate of polyamine uptake, MDR cells were much more sensitive to an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, methylglyoxal-bis guanylhydrazone (MGBG), suggesting that MDR cells might be defective in polyamine synthesis. These results also suggest that HGBG can be used for treatment of MDR in vivo.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.204-207
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• 2009

We investigated novel antibacterial and synergistic activities of isocryptomerin isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. Isocryptomerin showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains including clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant species such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Additionally, we further investigated the synergistic activity of isocryptomerin with a conventional antibiotic against MRSA. The result indicated that isocryptomerin had considerable synergistic activity in combination with cefotaxime. In summary, the present study suggests that isocryptomerin may have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of infectious diseases by not only human pathogenic bacteria but also multidrug-resistant bacteria.