• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2007

We practiced fresh water injection test to identify its applibility as a method of seawater intrusion mitigation technique, and monitored the change of borehole fluid conductivity and the behavior of injected fresh water using borehole multichannel electrical conductivity monitoring and well-logging, and DC resistivity and SP monitoring at the surface. Well-logging and multichannel EC monitoring showed the decrease of fluid conductivity due to fresh water injection. We note that such an injection effect lasts more than several month which means the applibility of fresh water injection as a seawater intrusion control technique. Although SP monitoring did not show meaningful results because of weather condition during monitoring and the defects of electrodes due to long operation time, DC resistivity monitoring showed its effectiveness and applicability as a monitoring and assessment techniques of injection test by means of imaging the behavior and the front of fresh water body in terms of the increase of resistivity with reasonable resolution. In conclusion, we note that geophysical techniques can be an effective method of monitoring and evaluation of fresh water injection test, and expect that fresh water injection may be an practical method for the mitigation of seawater intrusion when applied with optimal design of injection well distribution and injection rate based on geophysical evaluation.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.14-30
• /
• 1997

무선에 의한 서비스는 유선에서 제공할 수 없는 단말기의 이동성이라는 커다란 장점을 지니기 있기 때문에, 댁내에서의 광화이버 배선으로 여러 가지 문제점을 발생시키고 경우에 따라서는 해결이 불가능한 경우도 무선에 의한 광대역 서비스의 제공이 가능하다. 최근까지는 2.5GHz 대역에서 아날로그 AM방식인 MMDS(Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service)로 무선 CATV같은 서비스가 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 MMDS 방식의 경우 주파수 배정 문제로 인하여 발전이 한정적으로 이루어져 왔고, 양방향 디지털 및 다채널기술의 적용을 위한 주파수 대역의 확보가 어렵기 때문에 미래의 기술로 적용하기에는 다소 무리가 있는 것으로 분석되고 있다. 따라서 이에 대한 해결책으로 새로운 주파수 자원의 개발과 디지털 다채널 기술을 적용한 초고속 광대역 무선 전송기술의 개발이라는 측면에서 새로이 개발된 것이 최근 연구의 중심을 이루고 있는 LMCS(Local Multi-point Communication System)방식이다. LMCS 시스템은 25GHz∼29GHz 정도의 주파수를 사용하며 디지털화하여 양방향 CATV로 전환함으로써 양방향 멀티미디어 서비스가 가능하고, 향후 정보고속도로와도 연계할 수 있다는 점에서 최근 관심이 집중되고 있으며 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 추세에 따라 국내에서도 LMCS방식의 무선 CATV 서버용 주파수가 배정될 예정이다. LMCS기술은 유선망보다 저렴한 설치비용, 신속한 망구축 등의 장점을 바탕으로 양방향 초미터파 대역으로 고유한 전파전파 특성을 가지고 있으며, 주파수 배정에 있어서도 광대역으로 예상되기 때문에 LMDS에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.245-259
• /
• 2003

Two multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) surveys were conducted over a soil site in Tacoma Water's Green River Facility, Washington, where construction of a chemical treatment facility had been planned. The purpose of the surveys was to compare soil stiffness characterized by shear-velocity (Vs) distribution before and after Deep Dynamic Compaction (DDC) operation that was designed to improve the soil stiffness. Site soil consisted of very heterogeneous gravel and cobbles in a sand-and-silt matrix. Results from each survey are represented by two 2-D Vs maps delineating Vs variation of soil below the surveyed lines. One map was constructed from those dispersion curves that were analyzed with a significant amount of subjective judgment involved, whereas the other map was constructed from those dispersion curves analyzed with as much objective information as possible. Comparison of 2-D Vs maps indicates that Vs actually decreased after the DDC operations, possibly due to the loss (or reduction) of cohesive bonding between soil particles caused by the compaction operations.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2003

For safety evaluation of a rockfill dam, it is often necessary to investigate spatial distribution and dynamic characterization of weak zones such as fractures. For this purpose, both seismic and electric methods are adopted together in this research. The former employs the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method, and aims at the mapping of 2-D shear-wave velocity (Vs) profile along the dam axis that can be associated with dynamic properties of filled materials. The latter is carried out by DC- resistivity survey with a main purpose of mapping of spatial variations of physical properties of dam materials. Results from both methods are compared in their signature of anomalous zones. In addition, downhole seismic survey was carried out at three points within the seismic survey lines and results by downhole seismic survey are compared with the MASW results. We conclude that the MASW is an efficient method for dynamic characterization of dam-filling materials, and also that joint analyses of these two seemingly unrelated methods can lead to an effective safety evaluation of rock-fill dam.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1993 no.11
• /
• pp.156-159
• /
• 1993

In this paper, computerized BEAM (brain electrical activity map) was implemented for objective and quantitative multichannel EEG analysis. BEAM is calculated by 4 point Interpolation method and number of elements are 5140. Representation methods of BEAH are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density and the other is color method which classify brain electrical 12 levers by different colors. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2003

This study has tried an integrated approach toward consumer response difference between the online internet shopping mall and the off-line department store focusing on the moderating role of shopping value according to shopping situation. This study has analyzed consumer behavior differences between online and off-line channel formats in one framework and identified differences in consumer behaviors between the two channel formats. Managerial implications of this paper include measuring the effects of the integration of online and off-line channel and developing multichannel strategy. This paper suggests marketers to develop channel strategies based on customer segmentation criteria reflecting different consumer shopping value between online and off-line channel formats rather than developing strategies based only on the conventional marketing mix.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.61-77
• /
• 2017

The most challenging issues in the multi-channel MAC of the IEEE 1609.4 standard is how to handle the dynamic vehicular traffic condition with a high mobility, dynamic topology, and a trajectory change. Therefore, dynamic channel coordination schemes between CCH and SCH are required to provide the proper bandwidth for CCH/SCH intervals and to improve the quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we use a Markov model to optimize the interval based on the dynamic vehicular traffic condition with high mobility nodes in the multi-channel MAC of the IEEE 1609.4 standard. We evaluate the performance of the three-dimensional Markov chain based on the Poisson distribution for the node distribution and velocity. We also evaluate the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) effect for the multi-channel MAC coordination scheme of the IEEE 1609.4 standard. The result of simulation proves that the performance of the dynamic channel coordination scheme is affected by the high node mobility and the AWGN. In this research, we evaluate the model analytically for the average delay on CCHs and SCHs and also the saturated throughput on SCHs.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.633-633
• /
• 2002

We investigated the distributions of sea ice using various microwave remote sensing techniques in the part of Drake passage, Antarctica, between the area 45-75$^{\circ}$W and 55-66$^{\circ}$S. We used Topex/Poseidon(T/P) radar altimeter, ERS-1 altimeter, ERS-2 scatterometer, Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), and DMSP Special Sensor Microwave/Imager(SSM/I) data. The sea ice distributions were estimated between May and Jun., 1995 and Oct. and Nov., 1998. The two altimeter measurements (T/P and ERS-1) showed good coherence with the results from the radiometer data in the given period when the ice concentration of 20% and greater was selected. The scatterometer data also showed good correlation with altimetry-implied sea ice surface. The maximum and minimum values of sea ice distribution were appeared in Aug. and Feb., respectively. In general, the sea ice distributions estimated from radar altimeter, radioneter, and scatterometer are well correlated.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2015

To investigate the applicability of physical prospecting technique in soft ground assessment, the resistivity monitoring data of 6 months are acquired. The Multichannel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) has been additionally performed to identify the shear wave velocity and strength distribution of soft ground. Moreover, by using the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and laboratory tests of drilling samples, a relationship with the physical prospect data is checked and the reliability of the physical prospect data is increased. Through these activities, the behavior patterns of soft soil are identified by long term monitoring, and the significant relationship between the shear wave velocity and laboratory tests has been confirmed, both of which can be useful in the surface wave exploration to evaluate the strength of soft ground. Finally, using the geostatistical method, 3-dimensional soil base distribution images are obtained about the combined physical prospecting data with heterogeneous data. Through the studies, the nature of entire area can be determined by long term resistivity monitoring for the soft ground assessment in wider area. It would be more economic and reliable if additional exploring and drilling samples can be analyzed, which can reinforce the assessment.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2015

The drag of the excess charge in an electrical double layer at the solid fluid interface due to water flow induces the streaming current, i.e., the streaming potential (SP). Here we introduce a sandbox experiment to study this hydroelectric coupling in case of a tracer test. An acrylic tank was filled up with homogeneous sand as a sand aquifer, and the upstream and downstream reservoirs were connected to the sand aquifer to control the hydraulic gradient. Under a steady-state water flow condition, a tracer test was performed in the sandbox with the help of peristaltic pump, and tracer samples were collected from the same interval of five screened wells in the sandbox. During the tracer test, SP signals resulting from the distribution of 20 nonpolarizable electrodes were measured at the top of the tank by a multichannel meter. The results showed that there were changes in the observed SP after injection of tracer, which indicated that the SP was likely to be related to the solute transport.