• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

수평하중에 대한 지지력의 발휘는 말뚝의 주요 용도 중 하나이며, 최근 초고층 건물, 송전탑, 풍력발전기 등 수평하중이 지배적인 구조물의 증가로 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. Broms(1964) 이후 많은 연구자들이 수평방향 지지력 산정을 위한 방법들을 제안하여 왔으나, 각 방법별로 서로 다른 토압분포와 수평토압계수를 가정하여 설계자로 하여금 혼란을 가져을 여지를 갖고 있다. 수평지지력 산정에 주요 요소가 되는 수평토압계수는 수평하증에 의한 말뚝의 회전 거동에 영향을 받는다. Prasad와 Chari(1999)는 말뚝의 회전점을 가정하여 극한지지력을 산정하는 식을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 균일지반과 다층지반의 모두에서 말뚝의 회전점을 측정하였으적, 기존의 연구 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과 회전점 측정값과Prasad와 Chari(1999)의 예측값이 잘 일치하였으며 다층지반은 회전점의 위치를 변하게 하는 요소로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.717-733
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• 2003

A time domain method is presented for soil-structure interaction analysis under seismic excitations. It is based on the finite element formulation incorporating infinite elements for the far field soil region. Equivalent earthquake input forces are calculated based on the free field responses along the interface between the near and far field soil regions utilizing the fixed exterior boundary method in the frequency domain. Then, the input forces are transformed into the time domain by using inverse Fourier transform. The dynamic stiffness matrices of the far field soil region formulated using the analytical frequency-dependent infinite elements in the frequency domain can be easily transformed into the corresponding matrices in the time domain. Hence, the response can be analytically computed in the time domain. A recursive procedure is proposed to compute the interaction forces along the interface and the responses of the soil-structure system in the time domain. Earthquake response analyses have been carried out on a multi-layered half-space and a tunnel embedded in a layered half-space with the assumption of the linearity of the near and far field soil region, and results are compared with those obtained by the conventional method in the frequency domain.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제26권A호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2006

This study is the results of experimental and numerical study on the consolidational behavior of multi-layered soft soil ground installed with plastic board drains (PBD). Centrifuge model tests with a marine clay sampled from field were performed to investigate the consolidational behavior of multi-layered ground where a dredged soil was placed on the soft clay ground and PBDs were installed. Test results were compared with those of numerical analyses, using the 2-D equivalent model previously proposed. From test results, it was found that the amount of consolidation settlement occurred in the original ground due to embankment surcharge loads was in the range of 38% of total settlement in the whole ground. From the results of cone penetration tests executed after finishing the centrifuge model tests, the cone resistance was found to increase with depth. The measured water contents inbetween PBDs were in the ranges of 38~50% and their values tended to increase with increasing the distance between PBDs.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 Rayleigh파, 전단파 및 압축파의 영향을 동시에 해석할 수 있는 주파수 종속 무한요소와 이를 이용한 지반-구조물의 동적상호작용의 해석법에 대하여 연구하였다. 방사적으로 전파되는 응력파의 성분에 대한 무한요소와 아울러 매립(Embedded)기초나 적층(Layered)지반을 해석하기 위하여 수평으로 전파되는 파를 해석할 수 있는 무한요소를 개발하였고, 요소행렬 구성하기 위한 적분시 하나의 파성분만 존재하는 경우에 대하여 효율적으로 적용되었던 Newton Cotes 적분과 유사한 방법을 Multi-Waves 문제에 알맞게 확장 적용하였다. 이 방법의 타당성은 반무한, 균질 지만의 위에 놓여있는 원형강판과 지반에 묻혀 있는 원통형 강체기초의 Compliance 함수를 구하여 기존의 문헌에 발표된 값과 비교함으로써 검증하였다. 예제해석은 지진하중을 받는 원자력발전소 격납구조를 대상으로 하여 수행하였으며, 매립깊이의 크기, 지반의 재료감쇠 및 지반의 모형기법에 따른 구조물-지반의 상호작용의 해석결과를 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1989년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.22-27
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• 1989

This paper presents a study of soil-structure interaction problems using infinite elements. The infinite elements are formulated for homogeneous and layered soil media, based on approximate expressions for three components of propagating waves, namely Rayleigh, compressive and shear waves. The integration scheme which was proposed for problems with single wave component by Zienkiewicz is expanded to the multi-wave problem. Verifications are carried out on rigid circular footings which are placed on and embedded in elastic half space. Numerical analysis is performed for a containment structure of a nuclear power plant subjected seismic excitation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2006

The propagation of non-uniformly modulated, evolutionary random waves in viscoelastic, transversely isotropic, stratified materials is investigated. The theory is developed in the context of a multi-layered soil medium overlying bedrock, where the material properties of the bedrock are considered to be much stiffer than those of the soil and the power spectral density of the random excitation is assumed to be known at the bedrock. The governing differential equations are first derived in the frequency/wave-number domain so that the displacement response of the ground may be computed. The eigen-solution expansion method is then used to solve for the responses of the layers. This utilizes the precise integration method, in combination with the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm, to obtain all the eigen-solutions of the ordinary differential equation. The recently developed pseudo-excitation method for structural random vibration is then used to determine the solution of the layered soil responses.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2013

최근 화석 연료의 사용에 따른 문제들로 인해 다양한 그린 에너지들이 주목 받고 있다. 그린 에너지의 한 종류로써 풍력 발전의 원동력인 바람은 육상에서 보다 해상에서 양질의 값이 관측된다. 또한, 부지확보, 소음, 전자파와 같은 육상 풍력 발전의 문제점을 해결할 대안으로써, 또한 더 효율적인 풍력 발전을 위해 해상 풍력 발전의 개발이 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라 해상 풍력에 대한 많은 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 풍력 타워가 해상으로 진출함에 따라 해상 풍력 타워는 점차 거대해지고 있다. 따라서 풍력과 파력을 견뎌내기 위한 안정성이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 p-y 관계를 이용해 다층 지반의 기초에 작용하는 외력을 계산하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2022

Due to the importance of accurate analysis of bearing capacity in civil engineering projects, this paper studies the efficiency of two novel metaheuristic-based models for this objective. To this end, black hole algorithm (BHA) and multi-verse optimizer (MVO) are synthesized with an artificial neural network (ANN) to build the proposed hybrid models. Based on the settlement of a two-layered soil (and a shallow footing) system, the stability values (SV) of 0 and 1 (indicating the stability and failure, respectively) are set as the targets. Each model predicted the SV for 901 stages. The results indicated that the BHA and MVO can increase the accuracy (i.e., the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve) of the ANN from 94.0% to 96.3 and 97.2% in analyzing the SV pattern. Moreover, the prediction accuracy rose from 93.1% to 94.4 and 95.0%. Also, a comparison between the ANN's error decreased by the BHA and MVO (7.92% vs. 18.08% in the training phase and 6.28% vs. 13.62% in the testing phase) showed that the MVO is a more efficient optimizer. Hence, the suggested MVO-ANN can be used as a reliable approach for the practical estimation of bearing capacity.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2001
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• pp.163-170
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• 2001

This paper presents results of nonlinear analyses for underground structures including both the soil-structure interaction and nonlinear behavior of concrete material. For this purpose, a hybrid method is employed, in which a dynamic analysis technique for a linear soil-structure interaction system and a general purpose FE program are combined in hybrid and practical manners. A couple of nonlinear analyses are carried out for framed structures in multi-layered half space soil medium. The yielding of concrete structure is considered by a multi-linear stress- strain relationship. The numerical results suggest that ductile design fur the intermediate columns in the underground framed structure is substantially important in aseismic design.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.623-648
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• 2015

A numerical approach is presented for the analysis of the forced vibration of a rigid surface foundation with arbitrary shape. In the analysis, the foundation is discretized into a number of sub squaree-lements. The dynamic response within each sub-element is described by the Green's function, which is obtained by the Fourier-Bessel transform and Precise Integration Method (PIM). Incorporating the displacement boundary condition and force equilibrium of the foundation, it obtains a system of linear algebraic equation in terms of the contact forces within each sub-element. Solving the equation leads to the desired dynamic impedance functions of the foundation. Numerical results are obtained for foundation not only with simple geometrical configurations, such as rectangular and circular foundation, but also the case of irregularly shaped foundation. Several comparisons between the proposed approach and other methods are made. Very good agreement is reached. Also, parametric studies are carried out on the dynamic response of foundation. Addressed in this study are the effects of Poisson's ratio, material damping and contact condition of soil-foundation interface. Several conclusions are drawn the significance of the factors.