• Title/Summary/Keyword: Multi-dimensional Model

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A Study of Skin Reflectance Using Kubelka-Munk Model (Kubelka-Munk 모델을 이용한 피부 분광반사율 연구)

  • Cho, A Ra;Kim, Su Ji;Lee, Jun Bae;Sim, Geon Young;Back, Min;Cho, Eun Seul;Jang, Ji Hui;Jang, Eunseon;Kim, Youn Joon;Yoo, Kweon Jong;Han, Jeong Woo
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2016
  • Light shows various optical behaviors such as reflection, absorption, and scattering on skin for individuals. In particular, reflection of light from the skin has been widely used as the brightness index of the skin of individuals through the measurement of the physical quantity of spectral reflectance. Therefore, the study of light behavior on skin would be useful for the preparation of new evaluation method in the development stage of make-up products. In this study, multi-dimensional analysis for spectral reflectance behavior of light on individual skin was performed using Kubelka-Munk model. Also, we analyzed the contribution of skin parameters such as skin thickness and hemoglobin, which could affect the spectral reflectance, using above model and literature information. Base on this, we calculated the theoretical reflectance of normal women for visual light, which showed good agreement with the measured reflectance. Our study of light propagation in skin based on Kubelka-Munk model provides useful insight for the development of personalized cosmetic in the near future.

Velocity Model Building using Waveform Inversion from Single Channel Engineering Seismic Survey (탄성파 파형역산을 이용한 엔지니어링 목적의 단일채널 탄성파 탐사자료에서의 속도모델 도출)

  • Choi, Yeon Jin;Shin, Sung Ryul;Ha, Ji Ho;Chung, Woo Keen;Kim, Won Sik
    • Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.231-241
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    • 2014
  • Recently, single channel seismic survey for engineering purpose have been used widely taking advantage of simple processing. However it is very difficult to obtain high fidelity subsurface image by single channel seismic due to insufficient fold coverage. Recently, seismic waveform inversion in multi channel seismic survey is utilized for accurate subsurface imaging even in complex terrains. In this paper, we propose the seismic waveform inversion algorithm for velocity model building using a single channel seismic data. We utilize the Gauss-Newton method and assume that subsurface model is 1-Dimensional. Seismic source estimation technique is used and offset effect is also corrected by removing delay time by offset. Proposed algorithm is verified by applying modified Marmousi2 model, and applied to field data set obtained in port of Busan.

Feasibility of Deep Learning Algorithms for Binary Classification Problems (이진 분류문제에서의 딥러닝 알고리즘의 활용 가능성 평가)

  • Kim, Kitae;Lee, Bomi;Kim, Jong Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.95-108
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    • 2017
  • Recently, AlphaGo which is Bakuk (Go) artificial intelligence program by Google DeepMind, had a huge victory against Lee Sedol. Many people thought that machines would not be able to win a man in Go games because the number of paths to make a one move is more than the number of atoms in the universe unlike chess, but the result was the opposite to what people predicted. After the match, artificial intelligence technology was focused as a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution and attracted attentions from various application domains. Especially, deep learning technique have been attracted as a core artificial intelligence technology used in the AlphaGo algorithm. The deep learning technique is already being applied to many problems. Especially, it shows good performance in image recognition field. In addition, it shows good performance in high dimensional data area such as voice, image and natural language, which was difficult to get good performance using existing machine learning techniques. However, in contrast, it is difficult to find deep leaning researches on traditional business data and structured data analysis. In this study, we tried to find out whether the deep learning techniques have been studied so far can be used not only for the recognition of high dimensional data but also for the binary classification problem of traditional business data analysis such as customer churn analysis, marketing response prediction, and default prediction. And we compare the performance of the deep learning techniques with that of traditional artificial neural network models. The experimental data in the paper is the telemarketing response data of a bank in Portugal. It has input variables such as age, occupation, loan status, and the number of previous telemarketing and has a binary target variable that records whether the customer intends to open an account or not. In this study, to evaluate the possibility of utilization of deep learning algorithms and techniques in binary classification problem, we compared the performance of various models using CNN, LSTM algorithm and dropout, which are widely used algorithms and techniques in deep learning, with that of MLP models which is a traditional artificial neural network model. However, since all the network design alternatives can not be tested due to the nature of the artificial neural network, the experiment was conducted based on restricted settings on the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in the hidden layer, the number of output data (filters), and the application conditions of the dropout technique. The F1 Score was used to evaluate the performance of models to show how well the models work to classify the interesting class instead of the overall accuracy. The detail methods for applying each deep learning technique in the experiment is as follows. The CNN algorithm is a method that reads adjacent values from a specific value and recognizes the features, but it does not matter how close the distance of each business data field is because each field is usually independent. In this experiment, we set the filter size of the CNN algorithm as the number of fields to learn the whole characteristics of the data at once, and added a hidden layer to make decision based on the additional features. For the model having two LSTM layers, the input direction of the second layer is put in reversed position with first layer in order to reduce the influence from the position of each field. In the case of the dropout technique, we set the neurons to disappear with a probability of 0.5 for each hidden layer. The experimental results show that the predicted model with the highest F1 score was the CNN model using the dropout technique, and the next best model was the MLP model with two hidden layers using the dropout technique. In this study, we were able to get some findings as the experiment had proceeded. First, models using dropout techniques have a slightly more conservative prediction than those without dropout techniques, and it generally shows better performance in classification. Second, CNN models show better classification performance than MLP models. This is interesting because it has shown good performance in binary classification problems which it rarely have been applied to, as well as in the fields where it's effectiveness has been proven. Third, the LSTM algorithm seems to be unsuitable for binary classification problems because the training time is too long compared to the performance improvement. From these results, we can confirm that some of the deep learning algorithms can be applied to solve business binary classification problems.

Headphone-based multi-channel 3D sound generation using HRTF (HRTF를 이용한 헤드폰 기반의 다채널 입체음향 생성)

  • Kim Siho;Kim Kyunghoon;Bae Keunsung;Choi Songin;Park Manho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2005
  • In this paper we implement a headphone-based 5.1 channel 3-dimensional (3D) sound generation system using HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function). Each mono sound source in the 5.1 channel signal is localized on its virtual location by binaural filtering with corresponding HRTFs, and reverberation effect is added for spatialization. To reduce the computational burden, we reduce the number of taps in the HRTF impulse response and model the early reverberation effect with several tens of impulses extracted from the whole impulse sequences. We modified the spectrum of HRTF by weighing the difference of front-back spec01m to reduce the front-back confusion caused by non-individualized HRTF DB. In informal listening test we can confirm that the implemented 3D sound system generates live and rich 3D sound compared with simple stereo or 2 channel down mixing.

Reverse link rate control for high-speed wireless systems based on traffic load prediction (고속 무선통신 시스템에서 트래픽 부하 예측에 의한 역방향 전송속도 제어)

  • Yeo, Woon-Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.45 no.11
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2008
  • The cdma2000 1xEV-DO system controls the data rates of mobile terminals based on a binary overload indicator from the base station and a simple probabilistic model. However, this control scheme has difficulty in predicting the future behavior of mobile terminals due to a probabilistic uncertainty and has no reliable means of suppressing the traffic overload, which may result in performance degradation of CDMA systems that have interference-limited capacity. This Paper proposes a new traffic control scheme that controls the data rates of mobile terminals effectively by predicting the future traffic load and adjusting the forward-link control channel. The proposed scheme is analyzed by modeling it as a multi-dimensional Markov process and compared with conventional schemes. The numerical results show that the maximum cell throughput of the proposed scheme is much higher than those of the conventional schemes.

Converged Study on the Factors Affecting of Care Service Personnel's Job Satisfaction: Focusing on mediator effect of supervision (돌봄서비스 제공인력의 직무만족 영향에 대한 융복합 연구 : 수퍼비전의 매개효과를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyoung-Ha
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.7 no.6
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    • pp.229-236
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    • 2016
  • This study attempted to identify multi-dimensional influencing factors of working condition, job stress and supervision affecting care service personnel's job satisfaction by using structural equation model. From the results of this study, first, working condition (B=.247), job stress (B=-.610) and supervision (B=.635) were analyzed to have statistically significant effects upon job satisfaction as a dependent variable. Approximately 34.9% of job satisfaction was found to be explained through variables put into research models. Second, supervision affecting job satisfaction was found to have mediation effects on job stress. It will be necessary to apply the method to effective manpower management plan through supervision in the manager education course to improve job satisfaction for social service delivery manpower as well as care service in the future.

Visualization Tool of Distortion-Free Time-Series Matching (왜곡 제거 시계열 매칭의 시각화 도구)

  • Moon, Seongwoo;Lee, Sanghun;Kim, Bum-Soo;Moon, Yang-Sae
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.4 no.9
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    • pp.377-384
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    • 2015
  • In this paper we propose a visualization tool for distortion-free time-series matching. Supporting distortion-free is a very important factor in time-series matching to get more accurate matching results. In this paper, we visualize the result of time-series matching, which removes various time-series distortions such as noise, offset translation, amplitude scaling, and linear trend by using moving average, normalization, linear detrending transformations, respectively. The proposed visualization tool works as a client-server model. The client sends a user-selected time-series, of which distortions are removed, to the server and visualizes the matching results. The server efficiently performs the distortion-free time-series matching on the multi-dimensional R*-tree index. By visualizing the matching result as five different charts, we can more easily and more intuitively understand the matching result.

Web-based Geovisualization System of Oceanographic Information using Dynamic Particles and HTML5 (동적 파티클과 HTML5를 이용한 웹기반 해양정보 가시화시스템)

  • Kim, Jinah;Kim, Sukjin
    • KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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    • v.23 no.12
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    • pp.660-669
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    • 2017
  • In order to improve user accessibility and interactivity, system scalability, service speed, and a non-standard internet web environment, we developed a Web-based geovisualization system of oceanographic information using HTML5 and dynamic particles. In particular, oceanographic and meteorological data generated from a satellite remote sensing and radar measurement and a 3-dimensioanl numerical model, has the characteristics of a heterogeneous large-capacity multi-dimensional continuous spatial and temporal variability, based on geographic information. Considering those attributes, we applied dynamic particles represent the spatial and temporal variations of vector type oceanographic data. HTML5, WebGL, Canvas, D3, and Leaflet map libraries were also applied to handle various multimedia data, graphics, map services, and location-based service as well as to implement multidimensional spatial and statistical analyses such as a UV chart.

A Study of 2D Micro-patterning of Biodegradable Polymers by MEA (Multi Electrode Array)-based Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing (다중 전극 어레이 기반 전기수력학 인쇄 기술을 이용한 생분해성 고분자의 2차원 마이크로 패터닝 연구)

  • Hwang, Tae Heon;Ryu, WonHyoung
    • Particle and aerosol research
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2017
  • Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing with the aid of strong electric fields can generate and pattern droplets that are smaller than droplets by other printing technologies. Conventional EHD printing has created two-dimensional (2D) patterns by moving its nozzle or a substrate in X and Y directions. In this study, we aimed to develop an EHD system that can create 2D patterns using a multielectrode array (MEA) without moving a nozzle or substrate. In particular, printing ink mixtures of biodegradable polymers and model dyes was patterned on a thin film made of another biodegradable polymer. Without movement of a nozzle and substrate, stable 2D patterning of minimum $6{\mu}m$ size over a range of about 1 mm away from the nozzle position was achieved by MEA control only. We also demonstrated the possibility of denser 2D pattering of the ink mixtures by moving a target substrate relative to MEA position.

Research for Gravity Measurements Using CG-5 Autograv System and Network Adjustment (CG-5 상대중력계를 이용한 중력관측 및 중력망조정에 관한 연구)

  • He, Huang;Yun, Hong-Sic;Lee, Dong-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.713-722
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    • 2009
  • Gravity measurement can determine the earth gravitational field, also is the fundamental to the research of earth gravitational field, geodesy and geodynamic, vertical movement of the crust, geoid surface, sea level and climate etc. Recently, National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) introduced FG-5 absolute gravity meter in order to lay a foundation for establishment of Absolute Gravity Network, and furthermore NGII plan to construct about 1,200 multi dimensional and function Unified Control Points(UCP) in nationwide. It will play an important role in development of high accuracy geoid model in South Korea. This paper explains the fundamental theory and method of relative gravity measurement, surveys the relative gravity of 21 stations using latest Scintrex CG-5 relative gravimeter. In addition, it calculates gravity values, compare and analysis gravity survey results using datum-free adjustment and weighted constraint adjustment. The results indicate show that datum-free and weighted constraint adjustment methods are available to determine high accuracy gravity achievement, datum-free method is more advantage than weighted constraint adjustment.