• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Despite successes recorded in combating iodine deficiency, more than 2 billion people are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorders. Rural landlocked and mountainous areas of developing countries are the hardest hit, hence the need to explore and advance novel strategies such as biofortification. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We evaluated adoption, purchase, and consumption of iodine biofortified vegetable legumes (IBVL) using the theory of protection motivations (PMT) integrated with an economic valuation technique. A total of 1,200 participants from three land-locked locations in East Africa were recruited via multi-stage cluster sampling, and data were collected using two, slightly distinct, questionnaires incorporating PMT constructs. The survey also elicited preferences for iodine biofortified foods when offered at a premium or discount. Determinants of protection motivations and preferences for iodine biofortified foods were assessed using path analysis modelling and two-limit Tobit regression, respectively. RESULTS: Knowledge of iodine, iodine-health link, salt iodization, and biofortification was very low, albeit lower at the household level. Iodine and biofortification were not recognized as nutrient and novel approaches, respectively. On the other hand, severity, fear, occupation, knowledge, iodine status, household composition, and self-efficacy predicted the intention to consume biofortified foods at the household level; only vulnerability, self-efficacy, and location were the most crucial elements at the school level. In addition, results demonstrated a positive willingness-to-pay a premium or acceptance of a lesser discount for biofortification. Furthermore, preference towards iodine biofortified foods was a function of protection motivations, severity, vulnerability, fear, response efficacy, response cost, knowledge, iodine status, gender, age. and household head. CONCLUSIONS: Results lend support for prevention of iodine deficiency in unprotected populations through biofortification; however 'threat' appraisal and socio-economic predictors are decisive in designing nutrition interventions and stimulating uptake of biofortification. In principle, the contribution is threefold: 1) Successful application of the integrated model to guide policy formulation; 2) Offer guidance to stakeholders to identify and tap niche markets; 3) stimulation of rural economic growth around school feeding programmes.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

위성영상을 활용한 변화탐지 기법은 다중시기의 영상을 이용하여 토지의 이용현황에 대한 자연적, 인위적 변화를 효율적으로 탐지할 수 있다. 변화탐지의 경우 위성영상의 보정 방법, 입력데이터 종류, 변화분석 기법에 따라 상이한 결과가 나타난다. 즉, 변화탐지를 위해 동일한 위성과 동일한 영상을 사용하여도 다양한 조건에 따라 다른 결과가 나타나기에 연구 목적에 맞는 적합한 분석기법을 적용해야 한다. 본 연구는 영상의 보정방법에 따른 절대방사보정과 상대방사보정한 위성영상을 기하보정 후 정규식생지수(NDVI)와 주성분분석(PCA)을 하고, 이를 차연산기법(ID:Image Difference)과 비연산기법(IR:Image Rationing)을 이용해 변화탐지 분석을 했다. 그 결과 ID-NDVI의 경우 식생 관련 변화탐지에 매우 우수한 정확도를 나타냈고, ID-PCA는 전 영역에서 90%의 정확도를 보였다. IR-NDVI는 90%의 정확도를 보였으나 전답${\rightarrow}$초지의 경우 70%이하로 나타났고, IR-PCA 역시 전 영역에 대해 우수한 변화탐지능력을 보였다.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2018

목적: 이 논문은 한국 청소년들의 외모 걱정이 언제 어떻게 형성되고 변화하는지를 추적하여 그것의 심각성 정도를 밝히고자 하였다. 방법: 한국청소년정책연구원이 공개한 다년간의 추적 조사 자료에 대한 이차분석이 시행되었다. 통계기법으로는 반복측정 ANOVA, 대응표본 t-검정 및 카이자승 검정이 적용되었다. 결과: 청소년들에 있어 외모에 대한 걱정은 초등학교 고학년에 시작되어 성장과 더불어 강화되다 중 2나 중 3을 지나면서 점차 약화되는 것으로 판단된다. 일부 학생들은 청소년 시기 내내 외모에 대해 걱정하는 것으로 나타났지만, 고등학교나 대학에 진학한 후에는 청소년들의 외모 걱정이 눈에 띄게 감소되었으며, 어느 시점에서 외모 걱정을 벗어난 청소년은 다시 외모 걱정에 빠질 가능성이 아주 적다는 사실도 발견되었다. 한편 외모 걱정에 성별 차이가 뚜렷이 나타났다. 평균적으로 여학생이 남학생보다 외모에 대해 더 걱정하며, 외모 걱정이 남학생보다 1-2년 정도 더 일찍 정점에 도달하였다. 결론: 청소년의 외모 걱정은 성장과 더불어 역동적으로 변화한다. 외모에 대해 심각하게 걱정하는 청소년들이 적지 않지만, 일반적으로 추정되는 것보다는 청소년들의 외모 걱정은 상당히 유동적이며 다수의 청소년들이 외모 걱정에서 자유롭다고 판단된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2016

연구목적 중학생의 성격 발달 및 자아탄력성은 부모의 양육행동과 깊은 관계가 있다. 중학생의 자아탄력성과 부모의 양육행동과의 관계와 이에 대한 요인을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 한국 아동청소년 패널조사 2013년 자료를 활용하여 층화 다단계 집락 포집 방법으로 표본(남성: 1,075; 여성: 1,033)을 선정하였으며 부모 양육행동 척도와 자아탄력성 척도를 사용하여 부모 양육행동과 중학생의 자아탄력성을 평가하였다. 중학생의 자아탄력성에 영향을 주는 부모 양육행동을 알아보기 위해 선형 회귀분석을 시행하였으며 영향 요인과의 상관성을 알아보기 위하여 피어슨 상관분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 회귀 분석 결과 부모의 양육행동 중에 합리적 설명, 애정, 관심, 비일관성이 자아탄력성에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 상관 분석 결과 부모의 양육행동 중에 합리적 설명, 애정, 관심이 자아탄력성과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.24, r=0.31, r=0.22, p<0.01). 그러나 중학생의 자아탄력성과 비일관성은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 부모의 양육행동에서 합리적 설명, 애정, 관심이 높을수록 자아탄력성이 높아짐을 의미한다. 또한 비일관성이 중학생의 자아탄력성에 영향을 주는 요인이나 유의한 상관성을 보이지 않은 것을 통해 유아와는 달리 중학생의 자아탄력성은 다른 요인들에 의해 영향을 받을 가능성을 시사한다. 이 연구는 중학생의 정신과적 문제에 대한 정신사회적 접근에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.68.1-68.15
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• 2021

Background: Colistin and carbapenem-resistant bacteria have emerged and become a serious public health concern, but their epidemiological data is still limited. Objectives: This study examined colistin and carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia border provinces. Methods: The phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin and meropenem was determined in E. coli and Salmonella obtained from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork (n = 1,619). A conjugative experiment was performed in all isolates carrying the mcr gene (s) (n = 68). The plasmid replicon type was determined in the isolates carrying a conjugative plasmid with mcr by PCR-based replicon typing (n = 7). The genetic relatedness of mcr-positive Salmonella (n = 11) was investigated by multi-locus sequence typing. Results: Colistin resistance was more common in E. coli (8%) than Salmonella (1%). The highest resistance rate was found in E. coli (17.8%) and Salmonella (1.7%) from Cambodia. Colistin-resistance genes, mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-5, were identified, of which mcr-1 and mcr-3 were predominant in E. coli (5.8%) and Salmonella (1.7%), respectively. The mcr-5 gene was observed in E. coli from pork in Cambodia. Two colistin-susceptible pig isolates from Thailand carried both mcr-1 and mcr-3. Seven E. coli and Salmonella isolates contained mcr-1 or mcr-3 associated with the IncF and IncI plasmids. The mcr-positive Salmonella from Thailand and Cambodia were categorized into two clusters with 94%-97% similarity. None of these clusters was meropenem resistant. Conclusions: Colistin-resistant E. coli and Salmonella were distributed in pigs, pig carcasses, and pork in the border areas. Undivided-One Health collaboration is needed to address the issue.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the food, nutrient intake, and diet quality of postmenopausal women at high risk of osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with those of control subjects. Methods: A total of 1,131 post-menopausal women aged over 45 years, who took the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were included for analysis. These participants were classified into the following groups: the OP group, with a risk of OP (n=135); the CVD group, with a risk of CVD (n=373); the OP+CVD group, with a risk of OP and CVD concurrently (n=218); and the control group (n=405) according to bone mineral density (BMD) and CVD risk. Anthropometric measurements, blood profiles, dietary intake, and dietary quality indices were measured and compared among the four groups. Results: Waist circumference, total body fat percentage, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were higher, and HDL-cholesterol and BMD were lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. In the food frequency questionnaire, the OP+CVD group had significantly higher frequencies of grain (except for multi-grain) and lower frequencies of fruit and dairy product. The frequency of consumption of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages was higher in OP+CVD group. In nutrient density analysis, proteins and vitamin $B_2$ levels were significantly lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. The nutritional quality index (INQ) values of calcium were in the order of 0.63, 0.58, 0.56, and 0.55 in each group, and it was urgent to improve the dietary intake for calcium in postmenopausal women. In addition, vitamin $B_2$ was inadequately consumed by all groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that it is necessary to increase the intake of vitamin $B_2$ and calcium and decrease the frequency of intake of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages in postmenopausal women with the risk of OP and CVD.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: At these days, the human health and environmental concerns of pesticide used for turf grass management at golf courses in Korea have increased. The objectives of the study were to determine the pesticide residues for golf course and neighboring area and evaluate the impact moved into neighboring area of pesticides treated at golf courses. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three golf courses and neighboring areas in Korea were monitored from July to October, 2017. The soil sample collection was divided the golf course into its logical parts (such as a greens, fairways, and rough) and neighboring area soil samples were collected at three different points. The water samples of the golf course and neighboring area were collected at three different points, respectively. The pesticide residues for soil and water sample were monitored by the multi-residue screening method of 98 pesticide with HPLC-MS-MS. The concentrations of detected pesticide in soil and water samples of the golf course were in the range of 0.01~1.26 mg/kg and 0.0001~0.0089 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels for detected pesticides in neighboring area were at 0.01~0.04 mg/kg and 0.0001~0.0029 mg/kg, respectively, well below those level in golf course. CONCLUSION: This study indicate that the pesticide residue levels of golf course and neighboring area in Korea may not a possible risk of exposure on soil and aquatic environment. For future work, more monitoring should be performed so that the evaluation data becomes more valid.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate water quality in terms of microorganisms and identify the antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolated from the recycling water in floor fountains at three parks and one reservoir in the Gwangju area. Methods: Water samples were analyzed for Enterococci using membrane Enterococcus indoxyl ${\beta}$ d glucoside agar (mEI) as described in USEPA Method 1600. The vancomycin-resistant Enterococci with VanA and VanB were identified by PCR. An examination of the antibiotic resistance of isolates against 14 antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. Results: The drinking water quality criterion was exceeded for total colony counts in 68% of all recycling water samples. The average concentration of total califorms and fecal coliforms was 139,325 and 413 CFU/100 mL, respectively. VanA and VanB were not detected from the isolates. We found the antibiotic resistant Enterococci strains to be E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. mundtii, E. hirae, and E. thailandicus. The isolates were resistant to Rifampin (50%), Erythromycin (25.8%), Tetracycline (10.2%), Nitrofurantoin (8.1%), Minocycline (3.1%), Erythromycin (1.2%), Penicillin (0.7%), Norfloxacin (0.5%), and Teicoplanin (0.5%) among the 14 antibiotics tested. Antibiotic resistance tests for Enterococci from the recycling water of floor fountains resulted in 30.2% showing resistance to two or more antibiotics. Conclusions: These results showed that the multi-antibiotic resistance of Enterococci, E. coli, and others should be investigated continuously in each environment field.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2019

Objectives: Although the risk assessments for nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) and ozone ($O_3$) have been extensively studied, most of the existing risk assessments were limited mainly to indoor environments such as workplaces, schools, and multi-use facilities. Therefore, integrated risk assessment is needed to consider exposure in all microenvironments, including outdoors. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in risk among sub-population groups according to time-activity patterns and reported concentrations, as well as the lifetime risk of Koreans. Methods: In this study, we estimated time-weighted average exposure concentrations of $NO_2$ and $O_3$ for preschool children, students, housewives, workers, and seniors using residential time and indoor concentrations (house, school or workplace, other), outdoors, and transport by meta-analysis method. The risk for $NO_2$ and $O_3$ were assessed by hazard quotient using reference concentrations 30 and 60 ppb, respectively. The risk assessments were conducted through 1,000,000 Monte-Carlo simulations for probabilistic analysis. Results: Preschool children, students, housewives, workers, and seniors spent 91.9, 86.0, 79.8, 82.2, and 77.3% of their day in a house, school, or workplace, respectively. The risk assessment for the lifetime of a housewife and a worker showed that 33.8 and 28.4% of hazard quotients of $NO_2$ exceed 1, respectively, and more than 99% of hazard quotient of $O_3$ were less than 1. Conclusions: The risk of $NO_2$ and $O_3$ by sub-population group and for the lifetime of housewives and workers were assessed. The risk for $NO_2$ was higher than for $O_3$ and showed a different risk by sub-population group. Both $NO_2$ and $O_3$ showed a higher risk for housewives than for workers. This study can be used as a basis for lifetime exposure and risk assessment for $NO_2$ and $O_3$.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the difference between traditional gender role attitude and realistic dual earner attitude. Most preceding studies analyzed gender role attitude by summated rating scale while few studies have been conducted on the difference between traditional gender role attitude and dual earner attitude. Method: By using the 9th Korea Welfare Panel Data (year 2014), this study extracted households of married couples and with children in working age (18 through 64 years of age) who are the main subjects in work-family relationship. First, this study classified traditional group and modern group in their gender role attitude and passive group and active group in their dual earner attitude and by crossing these attitudes, drew out 4 gender role/dual earner attitudes. For analysis, this study investigated frequency of attitude types through descriptive statistics. By conducting ANOVA, study verified if there are significant differences in the satisfaction with family relationship depending on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes. Lastly, study examined the effect of socio-economic status and demographic characteristics on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes by conducting multi-nominal logistic regression analysis. Results: As the result of analysis, first, half of respondents belonged to 'equal-role-oriented type' who has modern gender role attitude and active dual earner attitude. However, there were not a few 'dual-earner-avoiding type' who has modern gender role attitude but passive dual earner attitude and 'incongruous attitude type' who has traditional gender role attitude but active dual earner attitude. Next, 'incongruous attitude type' had significantly low level of satisfaction with overall family life, relationship with spouse and relationship with children than other attitude types. Lastly, those whose incomes belong to poor strata, those who are high school graduates and lower, males and those who are over the age of 60 had significantly higher probability of belonging to 'incongruous attitude type.' Conclusion: The results of analysis demonstrate that the difference between gender role attitude and dual earner attitude is an important matter and since 'incongruous attitude type' exhibits low level of satisfaction with family relationship, scrupulous policy approaches are required for those who have high possibility of belonging to 'incongruous attitude type.'