Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
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Food and Nutrient Intake Level by the Risk of Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women: The use of the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2010-2011)

폐경 후 여성의 골다공증 및 심혈관계질환 위험도에 따른 영양소 및 식품섭취상태: 제5기 국민건강영양조사(2010-2011) 자료를 이용하여

  • Kim, Hyobin (The Graduate School of Converging Clinical & Public Health, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Heysook (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kwon, Oran (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Park, Heejung (Department of Foods & Nutrition, Yuhan University)
  • 김효빈 (이화여자대학교 임상보건융합대학원 임상영양학전공) ;
  • 김혜숙 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 권오란 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박희정 (유한대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.10
  • Accepted : 2019.04.23
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the food, nutrient intake, and diet quality of postmenopausal women at high risk of osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with those of control subjects. Methods: A total of 1,131 post-menopausal women aged over 45 years, who took the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were included for analysis. These participants were classified into the following groups: the OP group, with a risk of OP (n=135); the CVD group, with a risk of CVD (n=373); the OP+CVD group, with a risk of OP and CVD concurrently (n=218); and the control group (n=405) according to bone mineral density (BMD) and CVD risk. Anthropometric measurements, blood profiles, dietary intake, and dietary quality indices were measured and compared among the four groups. Results: Waist circumference, total body fat percentage, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were higher, and HDL-cholesterol and BMD were lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. In the food frequency questionnaire, the OP+CVD group had significantly higher frequencies of grain (except for multi-grain) and lower frequencies of fruit and dairy product. The frequency of consumption of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages was higher in OP+CVD group. In nutrient density analysis, proteins and vitamin $B_2$ levels were significantly lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. The nutritional quality index (INQ) values of calcium were in the order of 0.63, 0.58, 0.56, and 0.55 in each group, and it was urgent to improve the dietary intake for calcium in postmenopausal women. In addition, vitamin $B_2$ was inadequately consumed by all groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that it is necessary to increase the intake of vitamin $B_2$ and calcium and decrease the frequency of intake of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages in postmenopausal women with the risk of OP and CVD.

Keywords

References

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