DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Recycling Water of Floor Fountains in Gwangju Area

광주지역내 바닥분수 재이용수에서 분리한 장구균의 항생제 내성 연구

  • Kim, Yeon-Hee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Song, Hyeong-myeong (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Choi, Yeong-Seop (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Lee, Yoon-Kook (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Park, Jin-Hwan (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Jung (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Ram (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Kang, Yu-Mi (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Bae, Seok-Jin (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju) ;
  • Cho, Yong-Gwan (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju)
  • 김연희 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 송형명 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 최영섭 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이윤국 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 박진환 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김선정 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김하람 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 강유미 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 배석진 (광주광역시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 조영관 (광주광역시보건환경연구원)
  • Received : 2019.04.30
  • Accepted : 2019.06.10
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate water quality in terms of microorganisms and identify the antibiotic resistance of Enterococci isolated from the recycling water in floor fountains at three parks and one reservoir in the Gwangju area. Methods: Water samples were analyzed for Enterococci using membrane Enterococcus indoxyl ${\beta}$ d glucoside agar (mEI) as described in USEPA Method 1600. The vancomycin-resistant Enterococci with VanA and VanB were identified by PCR. An examination of the antibiotic resistance of isolates against 14 antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. Results: The drinking water quality criterion was exceeded for total colony counts in 68% of all recycling water samples. The average concentration of total califorms and fecal coliforms was 139,325 and 413 CFU/100 mL, respectively. VanA and VanB were not detected from the isolates. We found the antibiotic resistant Enterococci strains to be E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. mundtii, E. hirae, and E. thailandicus. The isolates were resistant to Rifampin (50%), Erythromycin (25.8%), Tetracycline (10.2%), Nitrofurantoin (8.1%), Minocycline (3.1%), Erythromycin (1.2%), Penicillin (0.7%), Norfloxacin (0.5%), and Teicoplanin (0.5%) among the 14 antibiotics tested. Antibiotic resistance tests for Enterococci from the recycling water of floor fountains resulted in 30.2% showing resistance to two or more antibiotics. Conclusions: These results showed that the multi-antibiotic resistance of Enterococci, E. coli, and others should be investigated continuously in each environment field.

Keywords

References

  1. Water Environment Conservation Act Article 2 (Definitions), 2017.
  2. Yoo YA, Kim MS, Kim KS, Park, SH, Jung SK. Antimicrobial resistance and implicated genes of E. coli isolated from commercial and cooked foods in Seoul, J Fd Hyg Safety. 2010; 25(3): 220-225.
  3. Jung, D. H. and Lee, Y. H. Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant river water isolates of Escherichia coli. Journal of Natural Science, SWINS, 2005; 17: 95-107.
  4. Jindal, A., Kocherginskaya, S., Mehboob, A., Robert, M., Mackie, R. I., Raskin, L. and Zilles, J. L. Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006; 72(12): 7813-7820. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01087-06
  5. Dzidic, S. and Bedekovic, V. Horizontal gene transfer emerging multidrug resistance in hospital bacteria. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2003; 24(6): 519-526.
  6. Lee, K. S. Distribution of antibiotics or heavy metal resistant bacteria and requency requency of multi-drug resistance in Kum river area. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology. 1993; 11(2): 131-144.
  7. Coleman, M. E., Hope, B. K., Claycamp, H. G. and Cohen, J. T. Microbial risk assessment scenarios, causality, and uncertainty. Microbe, 2007; 2(1): 13-17.
  8. Oh HK, Park JH. Characterisyic of antibiotic resistant bacteria in urban sewage and river. Environ Eng Res. 2009; Original paper: 232-239.
  9. Song, J.H. Current ststus and futures strategies of antimocrobial resistance in Korea. Kor. J. Med. 2009; 77: 143-151.
  10. Hyangkyun Oh, Joonhong Park, Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Urban Sewage and River. Environmental Engineering Research, 2009; 232-239. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2006.11.4.232
  11. Leclercq R, Derlot E, Duval J, Courvalin P. Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. N Engl J Med, 1988; 319: 157-61. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198807213190307
  12. Uttley AH, Collins CH, Naidoo J, George RC. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Lancet, 1988; 1: 57-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)18851-3
  13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin United States, 1989-1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993; 42: 597-9.
  14. Murray BE, The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990; 3: 46-65. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.3.1.46
  15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water regulations. Ground Water Rule, Federal Register. 2006; 71(216): 65574-65660.
  16. Ministry of the Environment, microbial water quality guidelines for marine and freshwater recreational area, New Zealand, 2003.
  17. World Health Organization. Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system: manual for early implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015.
  18. Ryu S. The new Korean action plan for containment of antimicrobial resistance. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 8: 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2016.10.013
  19. Maarit, N., Mervi S, and Seppo, N, Antibiotic resistance among different species of fecal coliformss isolated from water samples. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1980; 45(1): 79-83.
  20. Moubareck, C., Bourgeois, N., Courvalin, P., and Doucet Populaire, F. Multiple antibiotic resistance gene tranfer from animal to human enterococci in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003; 47(9): 2993-2996.
  21. Yoon TH, Lee H, Lee SJ, Yeo IH, Eom SW. Detection of enterococci and their Vancomycin Resistance in Drinking Spring-Water. Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 2010; 79-985.
  22. Kim JG, Kim YJ. Study on Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteria in Pharmaceutical Effluent. J Environ Health Sci. 2016; 42(1): 34-40.
  23. Kwon HK, Lee JH, Kim JG. A Study on the Distribution of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Domesticated Animal Feces. J Environ Health Sci, 2012: 38(2): 142-150
  24. C. K. Sohn, C. W. Lee, T. B. Kim, S. G. Park, C. J. Jeon, C. I. Lee, J. Y. Park and W. Huh. Antimicrobial Agent and Chlorine Susceptibility of E. coli Group Isolated from Natural Drinking Water in Northern Gyeongbuk Area. The report of Gyeongsangbukdo Government Public Institute of Health & Environment. 2007; 20.