• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2004

Recently, spatial data integration for geoscientific application has been regarded as an important task of various geoscientific applications of GIS. Although much research has been reported in the literature, quantitative assessment of the spatial interrelationship between input data layers and an integrated layer has not been considered fully and is in the development stage. Regarding this matter, we propose here, methodologies that account for the spatial interrelationship and spatial patterns in the spatial integration task, namely a multi-buffer zone analysis and a statistical analysis based on a contingency table. The main part of our work, the multi-buffer zone analysis, was addressed and applied to reveal the spatial pattern around geological source primitives and statistical analysis was performed to extract information for the assessment of an integrated layer. Mineral potential mapping using multi-source geoscience data sets from Ogdong in Korea was applied to illustrate application of this methodology.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.159-173
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• 1999

GIS has been regarded as one of important tools or methodologies for various geoscience applications. Recently, spatial data integration schemes for site-specific or field-specific thematic mapping are newly developed and utilized. However, these kinds of approaches are somewhat insufficient quantitative assessment of integrated layers towards known targets in-detailed . Moreover, GIS analysis scheme is rarely extended to scientific approaches. In this study, simple approach of Multi-Buffer Zone Analysis , related to GIS analystical aspect, is addressed and an actual application for predicting or favorable mapping of mineral occurrences, one of GIS-based geoscientific approaches, is performed, As for geo-processing in GIS itself, this scheme can be regarded as extension or adaptiation of cell-based buffering or proximity analysis to geoscientific data interpretation. This study is based on rationale that surface geological pattern around primitives such as a point, a line, or a polygon in GIS, representing significant geological features, can be efficiently utilized to delineate complex geological behaviors or events, especially handling multiple dta sets originated from multiple sources such as airborne geophysical/radiometric exploration, field survey, and even a classified image of remote sensing. Conclusively, this methodology associated wit GIS is though to be helpful to analyze the spatial pattern of multiple data, pointing given sources, and is expected to effectively utilize for exploratory analysis of cell-based resultant layer integrated with complex or different data sources.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-94
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• 2019

As the present single-layer repository concept requires too large an area for the site of the repository, a multi-layer repository concept has been suggested to improve the disposal density. The effects of the excavation damaged zone around the multi-layer repository constructed in the deep host rock on the temperature distribution in the repository were analyzed. For the thermal analysis of the multi-layer repository, the hydrothermal model was used to consider the resaturation process occurring in the buffer, backfill and rock. The existence of an excavation damaged zone has a significant effect on the temperature distribution in the repository, and the maximum peak temperatures of double-layer and triple-layer repositories can rise to $7^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$, respectively depending on the size of the excavation damaged zone and the degree of decrease of the thermal conductivity. The dominant factor affecting the peak temperature in the multi-layer repository is the decrease of thermal conductivity in the excavation damaged zone, and the excavation damaged zone formed around the deposition hole has more significant effects on the peak temperature than does the excavation damaged zone formed around the disposal tunnel.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

All the phenomena and subjects of nature and society are within correlation interconnection, and they are inseparably connected one another. The elements of this interaction can be found out through the concept of transparency in the space composition of Korean traditional architecture. This study is focusing on the access space, in other words, a gate-house that is a buffer zone playing a process role up to the main space among successive spaces. It was chosen to be the subject of the study since it strengthens convergence into the main building and with the effect connecting spaces, it could show well the spatial possibility of transparency. Besides, the subject of the study is limited to the Moonru Multi roofs that improves the functionality of spaces between gate-houses, and it is intended to progress contents by comparative analysis of two kinds such as Seo Won gate-house and temple gate-house. Korean traditional architecture places emphasis on harmony within the whole spaces. There are intimate relations between surrounding environment, external spaces and internal spaces, and it is important understand the spatial relations according to the shape appearing through interactions of parts in the whole spaces. In conclusion, the Moonru Multi roofs is analyzed with the method of extracting the concept that is contained in the frame of analysis and through ecological views through a visible and structural method. It can be understood what kinds of method for communication were used for ancestors to recognize and use spaces with the deduced concept through the analysis of the Moonru Multi roofs with different character.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 2013

The value and functionality of boundary barriers in rural villages have been neglected in the aspects as the buffer zone(boundary barrier) that links between the inside space(housing site) and the outside space(road). On this understanding, this study evaluated conservation value, economical efficiency and durability by the types and materials of the boundary barriers in rural village through Multi-attribute Decision Making. By applying to the current situations of boundary barriers on total 21 case study villages, each factor value was measured. And using Matrix Analysis Technique, the boundary barriers are classified into 4 types and the improvement ways for each type were proposed. As a result, the durability of boundary barriers in rural villages showed similarity value(more than 0.85 out of 1). But economical efficiency of those was low(less than 0.5 out of 1) and those functionalities were very lacking(about 0.3 out of 1). In the conclusion, the maintenance of boundary barriers in rural villages requires the policy that is able to complement conservation value and economical efficiency and is proper to the characteristic of each village. These renewable policies would contribute to the increase of the value of rural amenity as well as creation of economical and social value.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.901-906
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• 2010

The first stage blade of a gas turbine was operated under a severe environment which included both $1300^{\circ}C$ hot gas and thermal stress. To obtain high efficiency, a thermal barrier coating (TBC) and an internal cooling system were used to increase the firing temperature. The TBC consists of multi-layer coatings of a ceramic outer layer (top coating) and a metallic inner layer (bond coat) between the ceramic and the substrate. The top and bond coating layer respectively act as a thermal barrier against hot gas and a buffer against the thermal stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic and the substrate. Particularly, the bondcoating layer improves the resistance against oxidation and corrosion. An inter-diffusion layer is generated between the bond coat and the substrate due to the exposure at a high temperature and the diffusion phenomenon. A thickness measurement result showed that the bond coat of the suction side was thicker than that of the pressure side. The thickest inter-diffusion zone was noted at SS1 (Suction Side point 1). A chemical composition analysis of the bond coat showed aluminum depletion around the inter-diffusion layer. In this study, we evaluated the properties of the bond coat and the degradation of the coating layer used on a $1300^{\circ}C$-class gas turbine blade. Moreover, the operation temperature of the blade was estimated using the Arrhenius equation and this was compared with the result of a thermal analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between land use patterns of riparian zones and water quality in the Geumho River watershed. A GIS database included digital land use maps (1:25,000), stream network extracted from digital topographic maps (1:5,000) and riparian zones maps by multi-buffering method. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explain the relationship between the environmental conditions of a 30 meter buffer strip on each side and water quality. According to the result of investigation of riparian-level land use patterns, sub-watersheds on the lower Geumho River including Daegu metropolitan city were mainly developed as urban area such as residential, commercial and industrial ones, while sub-watersheds on the middle Geumho River and the main course of Nakdong River, agricultural ones such as a paddy, a dry field and an orchard. Meanwhile, the area-rate of riparian forests which play an important role in filtering nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment was estimated below the average 16%. The proportion of urban area in a 30 meter riparian bufferstrip had a negative correlation with water quality in each sub-watershed. But the proportion of forest area had a positive correlation with water quality. Henceforth, it is necessary to establish landscape planning for preparing and restoring the riparian buffer zones, concerning land form, soil type, the present land use pattern and economic aspects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-265
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the landscape ecological characteristics of green spaces within built up area of high density and evaluate the potential applicability of green patches, thereby introducing urban garden for generating green networks in residence areas. To this end, Yeoksam-Dong was selected as the site area since it is classified as both green initiative zone and alienated area of park service in Seoul. First, the current condition of green spaces in Yeoksam-Dong was identified by five categories: Street trees, private garden, public pocket garden, rooftop garden, and park. Then, the landscape index analysis through FRAGSTATS and connectivity assessment via multi-buffer zone analysis were carried out for analyzing the green networks and evaluating the potential value of green space. The results showed that the degree to which green areas in the site were distributed is arranged in the order of street tree, private garden, public pocket garden, park, and rooftop garden. In case of the street trees whose total core area (TCA, $1,618m^2$) is as high as the park's ($1,128m^2$). Private garden has potential for green network in built up area of high density by gardening since the shape of the patches are irregular (ED = 78.1m/ha) and the average distance among the patches is close (ENN=33.9m). Public pocket garden has also potential for gardening according to the result that it was found to be distributed evenly (LPI=5.7%, SHEI=0.9) with exposing external disturbance ($TCA=66m^2$). For the green network, 84% of all the study site is covered by small green network in 50m butter range of connected green area. The effect of green network was expected through gardening in public pocket garden (27%) and street tree (26%). Accordingly, it is encouraged to actively utilize street tree, private gardens, and rooftop gardens and to establish the urban gardens like local-based community gardens in public pocket garden where a variety of activities can be carried out near residential areas. By doing so, green networks can effectively be established in built up area with high density. The results of this study can contribute positively to fostering the creation of various types of urban gardens.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2014

In this study, the analysis carried out on characteristic of planting species and planting density of parks and green spaces in downtown city of Haengjeong-dong in Wonju, Gangwon Province. We found that 8,050 coniferous trees (19 species), 6,037 deciduous trees (61 species) and 77,609 shrubs 103 species were planted in the parks and green space in Haengjeong-dong. However, a conifer Pinus strobus is highly concentrated in all four kinds of places which are neighborhood park, children's park, green buffer zone and landscape green space regardless of their period of construction and usage of surrounding land and other trees were planted in order of Pinus koraiensis, Prunus yedoensis, Acer palmatum, Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora. Average planting density of parks and green spaces is $0.03tree/m^2$ for a tall tree and $0.18tree/m^2$ for a shrub, which shows low planting density in most parks and green spaces of Wonju. Also, understory vegetation was not planted enough. Since area of lawn is wide in green spaces, planting density is needed to be increased and tall trees should be planted more. Therefore, we suggest planting more trees in an area where trees are not planted, multi-layered vegetation and increasing in planting density through shrub planting etc., by identifying spaces for trees to be planted within parks and green spaces.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.462-466
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• 2006

Close-to-nature stream evaluation is one of the processing to make the streams over in order to keep them natural. It is integral to evaluate and make an accurate analysis of them on the purpose of maintaining streams healthy. For many instances, there are, stream organization evaluation for restoration by German government, evaluation for ecosystem protection in natural preserves by New Zealand government, and stream-view evaluation for restoration by Britain government so on. In case of the country there are analysis and evaluation of stream physical organization by Cho, Yong-hyun, Close-to-nature stream evaluation for restoration by Kim, Dong-chan, evaluation of stream properties in korea by Park, Bong-jin. Close-to-nature evaluation by Lim, Chan-uk, that is advanced version of Park, Bong-jin's, shows form of stream including waterway curve, sand bar, diversity of flow, river bed material, diversity of minor bed, minor bed bank protection works, bank protection material. It also does environment of stream including side of minor bed vegetation, width of surface of the water/width of the river etc.. By the way, this evaluation does not have free access to apply those details above in the field, it often happens that you get various outcome from the one spot. so you must need more realistic testing method to obtain more accurate data. Remote sensing method is highly recommended because this is very useful for collecting realistic data of vegetation index. what is more, it can not only scan even the minimum area within its resolving power but also do obtain data anytime. Vegetation index indicates Ratio vegetation index, Normalized difference vegetation index, Soil adjusted vegetation index, Atmospherically resistant vegetation index etc.. The research is focusing on Cheokgwa stream which is the branch of Taehwa river and shows 19 sectioned Close-to-nature stream performed according to the method by Lim, chan-uk. Besides let you know vegetation index came from image data of satellite landsat 7 with the variation of buffering area, of the day 9. may. 2003. Of all, the outcome 0.758 at 200m buffer-zone of NDVI was the best we have got so far.