• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2008

Conventional 1-1-1 cooperative protocol offers path-loss gain as advantage of multi-hop and spatial diversity which is equivalent to MIMO system. This protocol is enable to get higher reliability and reduction of power consumption than those of the single-hop or multi-hop. But the 1-1-1 cooperative protocol get only the diversity order 2 and limited path-loss reduction gain because this protocol has a single cooperative relay. We propose 1-2-1 cooperative protocol using two cooperative relays R1, R2. The 1-2-1 cooperative protocol can improve path-loss reduction and increase diversity order 3. Moreover, the cooperative relay R2 attains diversity order 2. The signaling method in transmission uses DF (Decode and Forward) or DR (Decode and Reencode) and 1-2-1 DF/DR cooperative protocol are applied to clustering based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the protocols under Rayleigh fading channel plus AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2009

The study aims to propose the intelligent clustering technique that calculates the distance by improving the problems of multi-hop clustering technique for inter-vehicular secure communications. After calculating the distance between vehicles with no connection for rapid transit and clustering it, the connection between nodes is created through a set distance vale. Header is selected by the distance value between nodes that become the identical members, and the information within a group is transmitted to the member nodes. After selecting the header, when the header is separated due to its mobility, the urgent situation may occur. At this time, the information transfer is prepared to select the new cluster header and transmit it through using the intelligent cluster provided from node by the execution of programs included in packet. The study proposes the cluster technique of the intelligent distance estimation for the mobile Ad-hoc network that calculates the cluster with the Store-Compute-Forward method that adds computing ability to the existing Store-and-Forward routing scheme. The cluster technique of intelligent distance estimation for the mobile Ad-hoc network suggested in the study is the active and intelligent multi-hop cluster routing protocol to make secure communications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.1696-1702
• /
• 2008

A MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a multi-hop routing protocol formed by a collection without the intervention of infrastructure. So the MANET also depended on the property as like variable energy, high degree of mobility, location environments of nodes etc. Generally the various clustering technique and routing algorithm would have proposed for improving the energy efficiency. One of the popular approach methods is a cluster-based routing algorithm using in MANET. In this paper, we propose an algorithm techniques which is TICC (Time Interval Clustering Control) based on energy value in property of each node for solving cluster problem. It provides improving cluster energy efficiency how can being node manage to order each node's energy level. TICC could be able to manage the clustering, re-configuration, maintenance and detection of Node in MANET. Furthermore, the results of modeling shown that Node's energy efficiency and lifetime are improved in MANET.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.977-987
• /
• 2014

Many of the recent performance evaluation of clustering schemes in wireless sensor networks considered one sink node operation and fixed sink node location without mentioning about any network application requirements. However, application environments have variable requirements about their networks. In addition, network performance is sufficiently influenced by different sink node location scenarios in multi-hop based network. We also know that sink location can influence to the sensor network performance evaluation because of changed multipath of sensor nodes and changed overload spots in multipath based wireless sensor network environment. Thus, the performance evaluation results are hard to trust because sensor network is easily changed their network connection through their routing algorithms. Therefore, we suggest that these schemes need to evaluate with different sink node location scenarios to show fair evaluation result. Under the results of that, network performance evaluation results are acknowledged by researchers. In this paper, we measured several clustering scheme's performance variations in accordance with various types of sink node location scenarios. As a result, in the case of the clustering scheme that did not consider various types of sink location scenarios, fair evaluation cannot be expected.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.1287-1302
• /
• 2011

Clustering protocol that is used in wireless sensor network is an efficient method that extends the lifetime of the network. However, when this method is applied to an environment in which collected data of the sensor node easily overlap, sensor nodes unnecessarily consumes energy. In the case of clustering technique that uses a threshold, the lifetime of the network is extended but the degree of accuracy of collected data is low. Therefore it is hard to trust the data and improvement is needed. In addition, it is hard for the clustering protocol that uses multi-hop transmission to normally collect data because the selection of a cluster head node occurs at random and therefore the link of nodes is often disconnected. Accordingly this paper suggested a cluster-formation algorithm that reduces unnecessary energy consumption and that works with an alleviated link disconnection. According to the result of performance analysis, the suggested method lets the nodes consume less energy than the existing clustering method and the transmission efficiency is increased and the entire lifetime is prolonged by about 30%.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2012

In this study, we use a parallel simulator PASENS(Parallel SEnsor Network Simulator) to predict power consumption and data reception rate of the hierarchical routing protocols for sensor network - LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), TL-LEACH (Two Level Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), M-LEACH (Multi hop Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and LEACH-C (LEACH-Centralized). According to simulation results, M-LEACH routing protocol shows the highest data reception rate for the wider area, since more sensor nodes are involved in the data transmission. And LEACH-C routing protocol, where the sink node considers the entire node's residual energy and location to determine the cluster head, results in the most efficient energy consumption and in the narrow area needed long life of sensor network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2011.06a
• /
• pp.416-419
• /
• 2011

무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 효율적인 데이터 수집 기업은 핵심적인 기반 기술이다. 클러스터 기반의 데이터 수집 기법은 데이터 병합 (aggregation) 의 효율을 최대화 시켜 센서 노드들의 에너지 소모를 최소화 시킨다. 하지만 기존의 클러스터링 기법은 균일한 네트워크 환경만을 고려하여 불균일하게 배포될 수 있는 실제 환경에는 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 기존 기업들의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 불균일한 네트워크 환경에서도 에너지 효율적인 클러스터를 구축할 수 있는 기업을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 클러스터 헤드를 기준으로 최단 거리 홉 카운트 기법을 통해 논리적인 거리를 기반으로 클러스터 멤버를 구성한다. 이를 통해 불균일한 네트워크 환경에서도 클러스터들 간에 균형적인 멀티-홉 클러스터를 구축하여 네트워크 수명을 최대화 시킨다. 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 모이기 위해 기존 기법과 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 비교평가 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.2800-2807
• /
• 2012

An ad-hoc wireless network provides self-organizing data networking while they are routing of packets among themselves. Typically multi-hop and control packets overhead affects the change of route of transmission. There are numerous routing protocols have been developed for ad hoc wireless networks as the size of the network scale. Hence the scalable routing protocol would be needed for energy efficient various network routing environment conditions. The number of depth or layer of hierarchical clustering nodes are analyzed the different clustering structure with topology in this paper. To estimate the energy efficient number of cluster layer and energy dissipation are studied based on distributed homogeneous spatial Poisson process with context-awareness nodes condition. The simulation results show that CACHE-R could be conserved the energy of node under the setting the optimal layer given parameters.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 2014

In this paper, an energy efficient clustering scheme using self organization method is proposed. The proposed scheme selects a cluster head considering not only the number of neighbor nodes but also the residual battery amount. In addition, the network life time is extended by re-selecting the cluster heads only in case the current cluster head's residual energy falls down below a certain threshold level. Accordingly, the energy consumption is evenly distributed over the entire network nodes. The cluster head delivers the collected data from member nodes to a Sink node in a way of multi-hop relaying. In order to evaluate the proposed scheme, we run computer simulation in terms of the total residual amount of battery, the number of alive nodes after a certain amount of time, the accumulated energy cost for network configuration, and the deviation of energy consumption of all nodes, comparing with LEACH which is one of the most popular network clustering schemes. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme has twice network life-time of LEACH scheme and has much more evenly distributed energy consumption over the entire network.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.495-502
• /
• 2013

In the mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET), improving technique for management and control of topology is recognized as an important part of the next generation network. In this paper, we proposed an efficient node life time management of ATICC(Adaptive Time Interval Clustering Control) in Ad-hoc Networks. Ad-hoc Network is a self-configuration network or wireless multi-hop network based on inference topology. This is a method of path routing management node for increasing the network life time through the periodical route alternation. The proposed ATICC algorithm is time interval control technique depended on the use of the battery energy while node management considering the attribute of node and network routing. This can reduce the network traffic of nodes consume energy cost effectively. As a result, it could be improving the network life time by using timing control method in ad-hoc networks.