• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the photosynthetic R. micranthum by natural habitats. In the results, natural habitats didn't affect values of light saturated point, light compensation point and photosynthetic capacity of R. micranthum. We investigated light response curve and chlorophyll content at each habitat. Light compensation points were 11.8 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 11.5 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 10.4 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ in Seokpo-ri, Yeonha-ri, and Mt. Worak. Light saturation points showed that R. micranthum is shade tolerant specie which has the light saturation point approximately 500~600 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Photosynthetic rates of R. micranthum leaves were 5.5 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 5.4 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 5.6 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ in Seokpo-ri, Yeonha-ri and Mt. Worak. On the other hand, since between $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, it appeared that the values of net photosynthetic rates of R. micranthum leaves in all sites were high. Especially, the rates were highest at $25^{\circ}C$. Because of low stomatal transpiration rate in saturation radiance, the moisture utilization efficiency in Yeonha-ri was lower than other habitats. Rates of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in Mt. Worak were no significant difference. Therefore R. micranthum has characteristic of shade tolerant species. The moderate temperature for R. micranthum is between $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 1988

Chromosomal gene transferable hybrid plasmids, RP4::Mu cts and RP4::mini-Mu, were transferred by conjugation from E. coli to Pseudomonas strains. In order to use for recipient cells of RP4::Mu cts and RP4:: mini-Mu, plasmid-free Pseudomonas strains were characterized for their antobiotic resistance, aromatic hydrocarbon utility and degradation patterns of chlorinated herbicide. Transfer frequencies of RP4::mini-Mu exhibited about $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-4}$, while those of RP4::Mu cts exhibited very low value of $10^{-7}$ in recipients tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa KU557. Existance of hybrid plasmids in Pseudomonas transconjugants were identified by their antibiotic resistance and agarose gel electrophoresis. In case of RP4::Mu cts transconjugants it was also confirmed by demonstrating that they were capable of releasing phage and forming plaques at $43^{\circ}C$. Plaque forming unit of the transconjugants was about $10^{5}$. It was shown by the stability test that RP4::Mu cts and RP4::mini-Mu in Pseudomonas were relatively stable.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objectives : ROS are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. S.chinensis Baill, a perennial herb commonly called Chinese lizard's tail or Sam-baek-cho in Korea, is used for the treatment of edema and inflammatory diseases in the Oriental folk medicine. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the two extracts, water(WE) and ethyl acetate(EAE) from S.chinensis Baill. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using Fe2+ chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. DNA cleavage assay, and western blot and immunostaining for phospho-p65 were performed to evaluate anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Results : In Fe2+ chelating activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, WE showed more strong scavenging activity for hydroxyl radical than EAE. WE scavenged hydroxyl radical by 12% at 3.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, 21% at 16 ${\mu}g/ml$, 32% at 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66% at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 82% at 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, WE showed more strong chelating activity than EAE. WE chelated Fe2+ ion by 1.1% at 3.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, 8.2% at 16 ${\mu}g/ml$, 26.3% at 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 72% at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 89% at 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Also, WE inhibited oxidative damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, EAE inhibited NO production and iNOS expression. In addition EAE suppressed the NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, these data indicate that S. chinensis Baill, shows anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.272-276
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the disinfection efficiency and the generation characteristics of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the sewage effluent. In the case of total coliforms, disinfection efficiency higher than 99%, the required contact time was 30 min at chlorine dose of 0.5 mg/L, 20 min at 1.0 mg/L, and 10 min at 1.5 mg/L, respectively. When the sewage effluent was disinfected with chlorine dose of 0.5 mg/L for 10 min, the maximum generation concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetic acid (HAAs) were $32.2{\mu}g/L$, $2.97{\mu}g/L$, and $16.29{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The concentration of chloroform was $28.4{\mu}g/L$ corresponding to 88.1% of the THMs. The concentration of HANs and HAAs were found to be inconsiderable. The average residual chlorine concentration of sewage effluent was 0.4 mg/L, the generation concentration of THMs was maximum $1.72{\mu}g/L$ and average $2.79{\mu}g/L$. HANs and HAAs were under the detection limit by GC/MSD.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 1999

In the flip chip interconnection using solder bump, the Under Bump Metallurgy (UBM) is required to perform multiple functions in its conversion of an aluminum bond pad to a solderable surface. In this study, various UBM systems such as $Al 1\mu\textrm{m} / Ti 0.2\mu\textrm{m} / Cu 5\mu\textrm{m}, Al 1\mu\textrm{m} / Ti 0.2\mu\textrm{m} / Cu 1\mu\textrm{m}, al 1\mu\textrm{m}/Ni 0.2\mu\textrm{m} / Cu 1\mu\textrm{m} and Al 1\mu\textrm{m}/Pd 0.2\mu\textrm{m} / Cu 1\mu\textrm{m}$ for flip chip interconnection using the low melting point eutectic 63Sn-37Pb solder were investigated and compared to their metallurgical properties. $100\mu\textrm{m}$ size bumps were prepared for using an electroplating process. The effects of the number of reflows and aging time on the growth of intermetallic compounds(IMC) were investigated. $Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Cu_3Sn$ IMC were abserved after aging treatment in the UBM system with thick coper $(Al 1\mu\textrm{m}/Ti 0.2\mu\textrm{m}/Cu 5\mu\textrm{m})$. However only the $Cu_6Sn_5$ was detected in the UBM system with $1\mu\textrm{m}$ thick copper even after 2 reflow and 7 day aging at $150^{\circ}C$. Complete Cu consumption by Cu-Sn IMC growth gives rise to a direct contact between solder inner layer such as Ti, Ni and Pd, and hence to possibly cause reactions between two of them. In this study, however, only for the Pd case, IMC of PdSn. was observed by Cu consumption. UBM interfacial reactions with s이der affected the adhesion strength ot s이der balls after s이der reflow and annealing treatment.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

Objectives This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to $50{\mu}l$ diluted Coptidis rhizoma extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume($20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l,\;40{\mu}l,\;50{\mu}l$). Results 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. aureus was appeared in 100%, 10% and was the same as anti-bacterial potency of 2 days and 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(100%) was increased in propotion to increase volume on all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(10%) was increased in propotion to increase volume on all samples except $20{\mu}l$. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10% and was the same as anti-bacterial potency of 2 days and 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(100%) was increased in propotion to increase volume on all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(10%) was appeared in $50{\mu}l$. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. epidermidis was appeared continuous. Conclusions Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on cultivation of S. aureus & S. epidermidis was showed continuous.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the characteristics of dissolved oxygen uptake and germination of California rice varieties, L-202(Long grain), M-202(Medium grain), S-201(Short grain), Italiconaverneco(Long grain) and Korean variety, Hwaseongbyeo under $25^{\circ}C$ water condition. The distilled water was saturated with oxygen by using air pump for 2 hours. Dissolved oxygen uptake of rice seed was measured everyday by using the oxygen electrode during 4 days from soaking to coleoptile and radicle appearance. Total dissolved oxygen uptake was 211.7${\mu}g$ per grain in Italiconaverneco during that period 179.5${\mu}g$ in S-201, 144.3${\mu}g$ in Hwaseongbyeo, 140.4 in L-202, 135.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ in M-202. The ratio of coleoptile and radicle appearance showed the highest value in Italiconaverneco, and next were S-201 and L-202. The coleoptile and radicle showed the longest length in Italiconaverneco, and next were S-201 and Hwaseongbyeo.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1989

Let $S_p*({\alpha},{\beta},{\mu})$ denote the class of functions $f(z)=z^p-{\sum}{\limit}^{\infty}_{n=1}a_{p+n}\;z^{p+n}(a_{p+n}{\geq}o,\;p{\in}N)$ analytic and p-valent in the unit disc $U=\{z:{\mid}z{\mid}<1\}$ and satisfy the condition $${\mid}\frac{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}-p}{\mu\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}+p-(1+\mu)\alpha}\mid<\beta,\;z{\in}U$$, where $o{\leq}{\alpha} and $o\leq\mu\leq1$. Further f(z) is said to belong to the class $C_p*({\alpha},{\beta},{\mu})\;if\;zf'(z)/p{\in}S_p*(\alpha,\beta,\mu)$. In this paper we obtain for these classes sharp results concerning coefficient estimates, disortion theorems, closure theorems, Hadamard products and some distortion theorems for the fractional calculus.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.5-10
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• 1965

The effect of radioactive sulfur-35 on the growth and tissue respiration in rye, Secale cereale L., seedlings were studied in this investigation. The growth and respiration rate of the materials treated with the different intensities of radioactivity, represented by the different concentration(${\mu}c$) of radioactive sulfur were shown similar effects in treated groups as those of Gamma-ray or X-ray irradiation on plant materials. However, in the groups of ($0.1{\mu}c$ and ($0.4{\mu}c$ S35-solution, the growth and respiration rate were stimulated somewhat more clearly than in case of control. And the higher concentration groups, $1.6{\mu}c$, $6.4{\mu}c$, and $25.6{\mu}c$ were depressed of the growth and tissue respiration rate. The present data could be explained on the basis that the higher concentration treatments with the radioactive isotope did produce injury to the plant metabolism generally, but the moderate treatment would stimulate to the plant growth and tissue respiration.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

This research was carried out to elucidate the characteristics of stomatal transpiration, water efficiency, vapor pressure deficit of leaves by the light intensity Kalopanax pictus leaves. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In the upper leaves of Kalopanax pictus seedlings, the stomatal transpiration rate increased continuously with increasing light intensity, but in the middle and lower leaves. it was saturated at $100{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$. At the light saturated point. the stomatal transpiration rate was in the following order: the upper ($1.29mmol\;H_2O\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$) middle ($0.56mmol\;H_2O\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$) lower leaves ($0.31mmol\;H_2O\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$). 2. In the upper leaves, water use efficiency rapidly increased to $600{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$, and then decreased. In the middle and lower leaves, it increased to $400{\mu}mmol\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$, and then showed a constant values. 3. The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in according to leaf positions was linearly decreased with increasing photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD).