• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 2012

Seasonal differences of the cultivable bacterial communities associated with the marine sponge, Hymeniacidon sinapium, between spring and summer were analyzed through the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). For the cultivation of the bacterial isolates, modified Zobell and MA media were used. The 16S rDNA of individual strains were amplified and fragmented by using two restriction enzymes, HaeIII and MspI. As a result, 23 ARDRA types from the spring sponge and 28 types from the summer sponge were obtained. The partial sequencing result of 1 to 3 selected strains from each types showed over 94% similarities with the known species from the public database. The bacterial communities from the sponge, captured on spring, contained 4 phyla: Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes. There were 5 phyla observed from the bacterial communities associated with the sponge, captured on summer: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Gammaproteobacteria was predominant group in both spring and summer, accounted for 33.8% of total in spring and 67.4% in summer, showed increase pattern on summer. Because Firmicutes and Actinobacteria participated in 30.2% and 8.3% of the spring sponge while they represented only 6.9% and 0% of the summer sponge, both bacterial groups showed decrease drift on summer. Betaproteobacteria (4.7%) and Bacteroidetes (4.7%) were only observed on the sponge captured on summer. On the sponge, Hymeniacidon sinapium, more diverse bacterial communities were shown on summer than on spring, and even from the same sponge, there were seasonal differences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

Background: Meningiomas are the second most common primary intracranial tumors after gliomas. Epigenetic biomarkers such as DNA methylation, which is found in many tumors and is thus important in tumorigenesis can help diagnose meningiomas and predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated aberrant O6-methyl guanine methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation in meningiomas. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one patients were classified according to the WHO grading, and MGMT promoter methylation status was examined via the methylation-Specific PCR(MSP) method. Results: MGMT promoter methylation was found in 22.2% of grade I, 35% of grade I with atypical features, 36% of grade II, and 42.9% of grade III tumors. Conclusions: There was an increase, albeit not statistically significant, in MGMT methylation with a rise in the tumor grade. Higher methylation levels were also observed in the male gender.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6507-6512
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms with the risk of developing esophageal cancer (EC). A case-control study was carried out in a Chinese population in which 157 hospital based EC cases and 157 population based healthy controls with 1:1 match by age and sex were included. PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) were used to detect genotypes in case and control groups. For the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism, comparing with wild genotype Ile/Ile, both the heterozygote genotype Ile/Val and the combined variant genotype Ile/Val+Val/Val increased the risk of esophageal cancer (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.19-3.54, OR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.11-3.12). No significant association was found between the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and EC. According to analysis of combined genotypes, the TC/AG combined genotype which contained both variant alleles of these two polymorphisms increased the risk of developing EC (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.16-3.85). Our results suggested that genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 may increase the susceptibility to EC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.568-578
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• 2001

Background : Lung cancer is frequently cited as an example of a disease caused solely by exposure to environmental carcinogens. However, there is a growing realization that the genetic constitution is also important in determining individual's susceptibility to lung cancer. This genetic susceptibility may result from functional polymorphims of the genes involved in carcinogen metabolism. In this study, the association between GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms and the lung cancer risk in Korean males was investigated. Materials and Method : The study population consisted of 153 male lung cancer patients and 143 healthy male controls. The GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis. Result : There were no significant differences in the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype between the cases and the controls. When the cases were categorized by their histologic type, the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in the small cell carcinoma group was higher than those of the controls(67.2% vs 55.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant(OR=1.772 ; 95% CI=0.723-4.340). The distribution of the CYP1A1 MspI genotypes among the cases were similar to those among the controls. When the cases were grouped by their histologic type, the ml/m1, ml/m2, m2/m2 genotypes frequencies among the small cell carcinomas(23.0%, 38.5%, and 38.5%, respectively) were significantly different from those of the controls(36.4%, 46.2%, and 7.4%, respectively, p<0.05). When the m1/m1 genotype was used as a reference, the ml/m2 and m2/m2 genotypes were associated with an increased risk for small cell lung cancer(ml/m2 genotype : OR=1.337, 95% CI=0.453-3.947 ; m2/m2 genotype : OR=3.374, 95% CI=1.092-10.421). Conclusion : These results suggest that the GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes may be a genetic determinant of the risk for lung cancer, particlulary small cell carcinoma. Further investigation is needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.42-51
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• 2015

The community structure of cultivable bacteria associated with the marine sponge, Petrosia corticata, collected from Jeju Island in summer (September) of 2012 and winter (January) of 2013, were compared by the PCR-ARDRA method. Bacterial strains were cultured for 4 days at $26^{\circ}C$ on Zobell medium and marine agar medium. After PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene of individual strains, the restriction enzymes MspI and HaeIII were used to make restriction patterns. As a result, 24 ARDRA patterns from the summer sponge and 20 ARDRA patterns from the winter sponge were obtained. The sequencing result of 1-3 selected strains from each pattern showed over 98% similarities with the known sequences from the public database. At the phylum level, the bacterial community structures of both sponges (summer and winter) were identical qualitatively and composed of 4 phyla : Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Alphaproteobacteria accounted for 42.5% of total in summer sponge and 25.2% in winter, decreasing in the winter sample. Gammaproteobacteria accounted for 27.5% of total in summer sponge and 35.2% in winter, increasing in the winter sample. At the genus and species level, summer sponge had more diverse bacterial communities than winter sponge. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes increased in the winter sample.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.59-75
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develop a DNA marker for identifying between Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and other breeds. First experiment was performed to isolate Hanwoo specific DNA marker at sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). Five breeds of cattle including Hanwoo, Holstein, Hereford, Angus and Charolais were represented with the from 8 to 20 individuals. Fourteen primers of 300 arbitrary primers of 10 nucleotides showed reproducible polymorphism across the breeds. An amplified band of 0.9 kb in the primer MG-3 showed the specificity to Holstein breed. And MG-6 and MG-12 detected the Hereford and Hanwoo specific markers at the size of 2.0 kb and 1.0 kb, respectively. A 1.0 kb band of MG-12 was cloned and sequenced. A SCAR primer was designed based on the obtained sequences. It was possible to identify the Hanwoo from Holstein breed. Second experiment was carried out to observe the genotype frequencies of MC1R in 1,044 samples of imported beef and eight different cattle breeds including Hanwoo, Holstein, Angus, Brown-Swiss, Charolais, Limousin, Simmental and Hereford. The primers for the amplification of bovine MC1R gene were designed based on a bovine MC1R gene sequence (GenBank accession no.Y19103). A size of 350 bp was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), digested with two different restriction enzyme, BsrFI and MspA II, and electrophoresed in 2.5% Metaphore agarose gel for determination of genotypes. Genotype frequencies of Hanwoo were 0.10 in E+e and 0.90 in ee. Allele ED was shown in all of Holstein and Angus breeds tested which have black coat color phenotypes. We suggested that SCAR marker and the bovine MC1R gene could be used as a DNA marker for distinguishing beef between Hanwoo and Holstein.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6397-6403
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• 2014

Background: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation has been recognized in human breast carcinogenesis as a frequent molecular alteration associated with the loss of expression of a number of key regulatory genes and may serve as a biomarker. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1), mapping at chromosome 16q22, is an intercellular adhesion molecule in epithelial cells, which plays an important role in establishing and maintaining intercellular connections. The aim of our study was to assess the methylation pattern of CDH1 and to correlate it with the expression of E-cadherin, clinicopathological parameters and hormone receptor status in breast cancer patients of Kashmir. Materials and Methods: Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of CDH1 in 128 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) paired with the corresponding normal tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of E-cadherin, ER and PR. Results: CDH1 hypermethylation was detected in 57.8% of cases and 14.8% of normal adjacent controls. Reduced levels of E-cadherin protein were observed in 71.9% of our samples. Loss of E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the CDH1 promoter region methylation (p<0.05, OR=3.48, CI: 1.55-7.79). Hypermethylation of CDH1 was significantly associated with age at diagnosis (p=0.030), tumor size (p=0.008), tumor grade (p=0.024) and rate of node positivity or metastasis (p=0.043). Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that abnormal CDH1 methylation occurs in high frequencies in infiltrating breast cancers associated with a decrease in E-cadherin expression. We found significant differences in tumor-related CDH1 gene methylation patterns relevant to tumor grade, tumor size, nodal involvement and age at diagnosis of breast tumors, which could be extended in future to provide diagnostic and prognostic information.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2010

In this paper, a new six-port direct conversion receiver for high-speed multi-band multi-mode wireless communication system such as software defined radio(SDR) is proposed. The designed receiver is composed of two CMOS four-port BPSK receivers and a dual-band one-stage polyphase filter for quadrature LO signal generation. The four-port BPSK receiver, implemented in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology for the first time in microwave-band, is composed of two active combiners, an active balun, two power detector, and an analog decoder. The proposed polyphase filter adopt type-I architecture, one-stage for reduction of the local oscillator power loss, and LC resonance structure instead of using capacitor for dual-band operation. In order to extent the operation RF bandwidth of the proposed six-port receiver, we include I/Q phase and amplitude calibration scheme in the six-port junction and the power detector. The calibration range of the phase and amplitude mismatch in the proposed calibration scheme is 8 degree and 14 dB, respectively. The validity of the designed six-port receiver is successfully demonstrated by modulating M-QAM, and M-PSK signal with 40 Msps in the two-band of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5233-5237
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• 2014

Epigenetic modifications of tumour suppressor genes are involved in all kinds of human cancer. Aberrant promoter methylation is also considered to play an essential role in development of lung cancer, but the pathogenesis remains unclear.We collected the data of 112 subjects, including 56 diagnosed patients with lung cancer and 56 controls without cancer. Methylation of the FHIT, RASSF1A and RAR-${\beta}$ genes in DNA from all samples and the corresponding gene methylation status were assessed using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR, MSP). The results showed that the total frequency of separate gene methylation was significantly higher in lung cancer compared with controls (33.9-85.7 vs 0 %) (p<0.01).Similar outcomes were obtained from the aberrant methylation of combinations of any two or three genes (p<0.01). There was a tendency that the frequency of combinations of any two or three genes was higher in stage I+II than that in stage III+IV with lung cancer. However, no significant difference was found across various clinical stages and clinic pathological gradings of lung cancer (p>0.05).These observations suggest that there is a significant association of promoter methylation of individual genes with lung cancer risk, and that aberrant methylation of combination of any two or three genes may be associated with clinical stage in lung cancer patients and involved in the initiation of lung cancer tumorigenesis. Methylation of FHIT, RASSF1A and $RAR{\beta}$ genes may be related to progression of lung oncogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2001

Objective : Dopamine transporter is member of family of Na/Cl dependent neurotransmitter transporter, 12 transmembrane domain, that has high substrate specificity, affinity. It is related with dopamine reuptake in presynaptic vesicle. DAT has a VNTR in its 3'-untranslated region(UTR). 3'-UTR VNTR polymorphism is related with modification of dopamine transmission. The association between with VNTR polymorphism and neuropsychiatric disorders such as alcohol dependence, and low activity ALDH has been studied, but their relationship is unclear. We study about association of 3'-UTR VNTR of DAT gene and G2319A and alcohol dependence. Method : Group of Korean subjects were studied with alcohol dependence(n=49 male) compared to mentally healthy controls(n=53 male). The peripheral blood sample was acquired, and Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) amplification, MspI procedure was done. Result : There was a significant difference between alcohol dependence group and normal control(genotype frequency p<0.05, allele frequency p<0.05) Allele A frequency and genotype(GG, GA) frequency was a significant difference between alcohol dependence group and normal control(p<0.05). Conclusion : Our study showed that genetic polymorphism of DAT1 G2319A had relation with alcohol dependence.