• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2018

Trichoderma species are a rich source of metabolites, but less known for biomedical potential. This work deals with antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of intracellular non-cytotoxic metabolites, extracted from Trichoderma atroviride (KNUP001). A total of 53 fractions was collected by column chromatography and tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Only one fraction (F41) was found to be non-toxic to Vero cells with $95.4{\pm}0.61%$ of survival. The F41 was then subjected to chemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant assays. The F41 at $500{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ showed the total antioxidant of $48.70{\pm}2.90%$, DPPH radical scavenging activity of $37.25{\pm}2.25$, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity of $54.55{\pm}1.95$ and $H_2O_2$ radical scavenging activity of $43.75{\pm}3.21$. The F41 at $25{\mu}g.ml^{-1}$ displayed antibacterial activity against E. coli ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$), P. mirabilis ($10.4{\pm}0.6mm$), S. dysenteriae ($18.6{\pm}03mm$), S. paratyphi A ($14.1{\pm}1.1mm$), E. aerogenes ($5.6{\pm}0.4mm$) and S. marcescens ($14.25{\pm}0.2mm$). GC-MS analysis revealed the dominant presence of oleic acid C 18.1 (63.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.17%), and ethyl oleate (4.93%) and potent molecules such as 8-[(2E)-2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (1Z)-N-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethanimidothioate, Fluorene in the F41, and virtual study revealed that these molecules are likely responsible for the antibacterial activities of F41. Hence, further investigation deserves on purification and characterization of the active metabolites from T. atroviride strain KNUP001 towards developing molecular leads to effective antibacterial drugs, and non-toxic to host cells.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2018

This paper describes a design of scalable RSA public-key cryptography processor supporting four key lengths of 512/1,024/2,048/3,072 bits. The modular multiplier that is a core arithmetic block for RSA crypto-system was designed with 32-bit datapath, which is based on the CIOS (Coarsely Integrated Operand Scanning) Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm. The modular exponentiation was implemented by using L-R binary exponentiation algorithm. The scalable RSA crypto-processor was verified by FPGA implementation using Virtex-5 device, and it takes 456,051/3,496347/26,011,947/88,112,770 clock cycles for RSA computation for the key lengths of 512/1,024/2,048/3,072 bits. The RSA crypto-processor synthesized with a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS cell library occupies 10,672 gate equivalent (GE) and a memory bank of $6{\times}3,072$ bits. The estimated maximum clock frequency is 147 MHz, and the RSA decryption takes 3.1/23.8/177/599.4 msec for key lengths of 512/1,024/2,048/3,072 bits.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to provide scientific and effective information on phytoncides, which are associated with forest healing, and to activate recreational forests. Methods: The target sites were natural recreation forests, a forest park and an arboretum, and the control sites were three urban parks. The samples were collected at a volume of 6.0 L and a flow rate of 0.1 L/min for one hour using a low volume pump and the solid adsorbent sampling method. The phytoncide compounds adsorbed in the Tenax TA tube were analyzed by a automatic heat desorption unit and GC-MS. Results: By type of recreational forest, the annual concentrations of phytoncide (monoterpene) for the forest park showed the highest concentration with $1.450{\mu}g/m^3$, while those for the arboretum showed the lowest concentration at $0.892{\mu}g/m^3$, and thus the concentration of the forest park was approximately 1.6 times higher than the arboretum. The season showing the highest concentration of phytoncides was summer (June) and the forest park was the highest among the recreational forests. The concentrations of major components for phytoncide showed in descending order: ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene. The seasonal concentration of ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene and ${\beta}-pinene$ by type of recreational forest increased in April, which is characterized by low temperature and humidity, and the seasonal concentration of camphene decreased with higher humidity. The meteorological factors which had the high correlation with the concentration of total terpene were temperature and humidity. $CO_2$ and $O_2$ showed an inverse correlation. Conclusion: The major components of phytoncide were ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene in descending order of concentration. Further and systematic study on the chemical nature of individual phytoncides, and on the effect of phytoncides on humans needs to be performed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2017

Overuse of synthetic pesticides caused negative side-effects such as environmental contamination, development of insect pests' resistance, and effects on non-target organisms. Plant origin substances without/or with low mammalian toxicity have been considered as promising alternatives to the synthetic pesticides. Fumigant toxicity of the essential oil of Iranian Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L., was investigated against a cosmopolitan stored-product insect pest: saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.). Chemical profile of this essential oil was studied by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Tested concentrations were significantly effective to the mortality of insect pest. A positive correlation between essential oil concentrations and pest mortality were realized. LC50 value (lethal concentration needed to 50% mortality) was achieved as $17.977(16.195{\pm}20.433){\mu}l/l$ air. The main components were 1,8-Cineole (13.17%), nerolidol (12.87%), ${\alpha}$-cubebene (12.35%), artemisia ketone (6.69%), ${\alpha}$-terpineol (5.27%), alloaromadendrene oxide (4.71%) and borneol (3.99%). Terpenic compounds including monoterpene hydrocarbons (8.19%), monoterpenoids (44.23%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.69%) and sesquiterpenoids (22.24%) were 96.35% of the total identified compounds. Results indicated that the terpene-rich A. millefolium essential oil may be considered as a safe bio-agent in the O. surinamensis management.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

To develop array magnetic sensors, specular-type giant magnetoresistive- spin valve (GMR-SV) film of Glass/Ta(5)MiFe(7)/IrMn(10)NiFe(5)/$O_2$/CoFe(5)/Cu(2.6)/CoFe(5)/$O_2$/NiFe(7)/Ta(5)(nm) was deposited by using a high-vacuum sputtering system. One of 15 way sensors in the area of $8{\times}8mm^2$ was Patterned a size of $20{\times}80{\mu}m^2$ in multilayer sample by Photo-lithography. All of 15 sensors with Cu electrodes were measured a uniform magnetic properties by 2-probe method. The highest magnetic sensitivity of MR and output voltage measured nearby an external magnetic field of 5 Oe were MS = 0.5%/Oe and ${\triangle}$V= 3.0 mV, respectively. An easy-axis of top-free layers of $CoFe/O_2/NiFe$ with shape anisotropy was perpendicular to one of bottom-pinned layers $IrMn/NiFe/O_2/CoFe$. When the sensing current increased from 1 mA to 10 mA, the output working voltage uniformly increased and the magnetic sensitivity was almost stable to use the nano-magnetic devices with good sensitive properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1665-1672
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• 2012

An 80% ethanol extract of Hizikia fusiforme was obtained and followed by successive fractionation using the organic solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to identify the antioxidative substance. The aqueous part of the nbutanol fractionation step, showing high antioxidative activity, was subjected to reverse-phase liquid chromatography. As a result, a substance purified from a BB-2 fraction showed high antioxidative activity. The m/z 419 [M+H] molecular ion peak in the fraction was observed by the analysis of the ESI-LC/MS spectrum. By the analysis of 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) and $^{13}C$ NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) spectra, a unique compound of the fraction was biochemically identified as a 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF). We also investigated the effect of 5HHMF on human gastric AGS carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis suggested that the flavone substantially increased the levels of the death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators Fas, Fas L, FADD, TRADD, and DR4 in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of Fas, Fas L, TRADD, and DR4 in the cells treated with 5HHMF ($5{\mu}g/ml$) were approximately 26.4-, 12.8-, 6.7-, and 9.8-times higher than those of non-treated cells, respectively. Of note, the level of FADD protein in the cells exposed to 5HHMF ($1{\mu}g/ml$) increased approximately 9.6-times. In addition, the cleavage of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in cultured AGS cells treated with 5HHMF was significantly confirmed. Therefore, our results suggest that 5HHMF from H. fusiforme is involved in the induction of death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators in human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

The roots of Brassica campestris ssp rapa were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc fraction, three compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatography. From the results of spectroscopic data including NMR and MS, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as caulilexin C (1), indoleacetonitrile (2) and arvelexin (3). The arvelexin (3) has been isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed inhibitory activity on human Acyl CoA: cholesterol. transferase 1 (hACAT1) by $54.6{\pm}6.0%$, $69.2{\pm}4.7%$ and $68.6{\pm}3.7%$, and on human Acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase 2(hACAT2) by $4.8{\pm}13.4%$, $45.6{\pm}4.8%$ and $39.5{\pm}4.3%$, respectively, at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2000

In this study to produce large-scale scopolamine we were examined in the tumor calli of Datura metel L. induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $Ery{101}$. The growth and scopolamine contents of tumor calli were higher under light condition than in dark. The optimum condition of growth and scopolamine production were fluence rate of 16 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, spectra of red light region and 16 hour light periods on 50 mL SH liquid medium in 4 weeks culture. To increase of the scopolamine contents in tumor calli, the optimum concentration of nitrogen source were 1.8 mM NH$_4$+ and 40 mM NO$_3$. The optimum elicitor concentration for production of scopolamine were 10 mg/L chitosan and 15 mg/L yeast extract. The effect of precursors were good at the concentration of 0.2 mM tropine and 0.3 mM tropic acid, respectively. In order to increase of growth and scopolamine contents. we induced mutant from Datura metel L. tumor callus. Mutants of tumor calli were obtained by 3 Krad, 4 Krad and 6 Krad of ${60}^Cor-ray$. Among them, 3 Krad tumor callus was excellent on the growth and teratoma induction. The 4 Krad tumor callus was negligible for both growth and teratoma induction. But the 6 Krad tumor callus was the best in growth and teratoma induction. The formation of the mutant calli can be enhanced through hormonal combination of 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L benzyladenine. We carry out selection mutant tumor calli for high content tropane alkaloid and suspension cultures for scopolamine production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2017

Maturation of distilled spirit can generate diverse flavors and tastes. Rice Soju was matured in oak casks (MSO) and stainless steel containers (MSS) for one year at ambient temperature. Ipguk (Aspergillus luchuensis) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y88-4 were used, and reduced pressure ($110{\pm}20Torr$) distillation was applied to brew Soju. Acidity and conductivity were increased in both MSO and MSS. MSO reduced alcohol content (from 43 to 40%) and volume (from 18,000 to 12,730 mL), and significantly altered yellowness (from 0.2 to 30.2). Furthermore, MSO increased the isoamyl alcohol (from 276.7 to $339.2{\mu}g/mL$) and isobutyl alcohol (from 122.3 to $144.2{\mu}g/mL$) content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds in Soju, which included 20 esters, 7 alcohols, 2 acids, and 5 miscellaneous compounds. Oak lactone was detected only in MSO and was considered as a specific flavor component associated with oak maturation. Thus, maturation materials contribute to the physicochemical property of distilled spirits.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

In earlier investigations, seeds of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt. cv. Chookyoupjaso were irradiated with 200 Gy gamma ray to generate mutagenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a hexane extract from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. cv. Chookyoupjaso mutant 45 on the actions of anti-inflammatory activity on inducible nitric oxide synthase, and an identification of the major active compound. The hexane extract from P. frutescens exhibited activity of inhibition of a NO production ($IC_{50}$, $295.1{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). The hexane extract was further divided into subfractions by silica-gel chromatogarphy. Inhibition of the NO production by various fractions was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Among the seven fractions, the 5th fraction was the most effective ($IC_{50}$, $19.5{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). The 5th fraction suppressed the expression of protein of iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and GC/MS analyses showed that isoegomaketone is a major bio-active compound in the 5th fraction. The result indicated that isoegomaketone has a good potential to be developed as an anti-inflammation agent.