• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Several planktonic dinoflagellates, including Cochlodinium polykrikoides (p), are known to produce red tides responsible for massive fish kills and serious economic loss in turbid Northwest Pacific (Korean and neighboring) coastal waters during summer and fall seasons. In order to mitigate the impacts of these red tides, it is therefore very essential to detect, monitor and forecast their development and movement using currently available remote sensing technology because traditional ship-based field sampling and analysis are very limited in both space and temporal frequency. Satellite ocean color sensors, such as Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), are ideal instruments for detecting and monitoring these blooms because they provide relatively high frequency synoptic information over large areas. Thus, the present study attempts to evaluate the red tide index methods (previously developed by Ahn and Shanmugam et al., 2006) to identify potential areas of red tides from SeaWiFS imagery in Korean and neighboring waters. Findings revealed that the standard spectral ratio algorithms (OC4 and LCA) applied to SeaWiFS imagery yielded large errors in Chl retrievals for coastal areas, besides providing false information about the encountered red tides in the focused waters. On the contrary, the RI coupled with the standard spectral ratios yielded comprehensive information about various ranges of algal blooms, while RCA Chl showing a good agreement with in-situ data led to enhanced understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of the recent red tide occurrences in high scattering and absorbing waters off the Korean and Chinese coasts. The results suggest that the red tide index methods for the early detection of red tides blooms can provide state managers with accurate identification of the extent and location of blooms as a management tool.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2003

사면 내에 설치된 억지말뚝의 보강효과를 평가하고, 사면의 가상 파괴면을 예측하기 위하여 지속적인 계측관리를 통한 사면의 거동을 감지할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 계측기를 통한 계측자료가 사면과 억지말뚝의 안정성 및 보강효과를 평가할 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하기 위한 것으로, 현장에 설치된 억지말뚝에 광섬유 센서(FBG 센서), V/W 및 경사계를 설치하여, 사면 내 억지말뚝의 거동분석을 하였다. 또한 각 계측기의 데이터를 비교 분석함으로써, 광섬유 센서와 같은 스마트 계측기술을 실제 토목 구조물에 활용할 수 있는 방안을 현장시험을 통해 검증하고자 한다. 이를 위해 각 계측기에서 구하여진, 연구 대상사면의 거동과 억지말뚝의 보강효과 및 변형률 분포의 상관관계를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, FBG 센서와 V/W 센서 및 경사계의 계측결과가 잘 일치하며, 억지말뚝에 의한 사면의 보강효과가 충분함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2012

The gag reflex is a physiological reaction, but, an exaggerated gag reflex can be a severe limitation not only to treat dental caries but also to do oral exam. Procedures such as surface anesthesia of the palate and pharyngeral area, sedation, or general anesthesia can be options as behavioral management. But, there are no golden rule for the sever gag reflex patients. We present a case report of propofol intravenous sedation using TCI pump for simple dental treatment. A 44-year-old man, who had past history of general anesthesia for dental treatment because of severe gag reflex, was scheduled intravenous sedation for simple dental treatment. After 8 hour fasting he entered the clinic for persons with disabilities. We explained about intravenous deep sedation and got informed consent. First, we kept intravenous catheter (22G) in the arm and started monitoring ECG, non-invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry and end-tidal $CO_2$ through nasal cannula. We started propofol infusion with TCI pump at the target concentration of 3 mcg/ml. The patient became sedated, but he showed involuntary movement during dental treatment, so we increased the target concentration to 4 mcg/ml. We finished the dental treatment without complications during 30 min. And after 40 min recovery room stay he was discharged without any complications.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

A real time monitoring system from a PC has been developed which can be accessed through transmitted data, which incorporates an established low powered transport system equipped with a single chip combined with wireless sensor network technology from a three-axis acceleration sensor. In order to distinguish between static posture and dynamic posture, the extracted parameter from the rapidly transmitted data needs differentiation of movement and activity structures and status for an accurate measurement. When results interpret a static formation, statistics referring to each respective formation, known as the K-mean algorithm is utilized to carry out a determination of detailed positioning, and when results alter towards dynamic activity, fuzzy algorithm (fuzzy categorizer), which is the relationship between speed and ISVM, is used to categorize activity levels into 4 stages. Also, the ISVM is calculated with the instrumented acceleration speed on the running machine according to various speeds and its relationship with kinetic energy goes through correlation analysis. With the evaluation of the proposed system, the accuracy level stands at 100% at a static formation and also a 96.79% accuracy with kinetic energy and we can easily determine the energy consumption through the relationship between ISVM and kinetic energy.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 스마트폰을 이용하여 원격감시 및 로봇제어를 위하여 로봇기술(RT, Robot Technology)과 정보기술(IT, Information Technology)의 융합기술인 RITS을 활용하여 구현된 정찰 및 전투 로봇의 프레임워크를 제안한다. 구현된 시스템에서 로봇에 장착된 카메라폰은 로봇을 제어하는데 활용할 뿐만 아니라 원격지에 있는 운용자의 스마트폰으로 영상정보를 전송한다. 따라서 운용자는 스마트폰의 주변지역을 정찰할 수 있다. 또한 운용자는 스마트폰을 이용하여 로봇의 움직임을 제어할 뿐만 아니라, 스마트폰으로 명령을 내려 로봇에 장착한 무기를 발사할 수 있다. 실험결과, 3세대 이동통신을 이용하여 원격지에서 실시간으로 로봇의 주변 환경을 정찰하고 로봇을 제어 할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 시야에서 관찰되는 영역에 로봇 있을 경우 2세대 이동통신이나 유선 전화기를 이용하여 실시간으로 로봇을 제어할 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.347-349
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• 2009

Air quality of indoor space environment is affected by various pollutants like as particles and chemical stuffs. The indoor air pollution affects directly the human respiration organs to cause consequently unpleasant mental status. The $CO_2$ concentration level is one of the harmful components of air pollutants. Major factor to increase the $CO_2$ concentration level is the people's breath amount in indoor. The car exhaust gas diffused from the around road also has strong affect on $CO_2$ concentration. There are some other reasons to affect the $CO_2$ concentration change, such as, real-time change of the population movement, closeness to the indoor air flow inlet window and changes in road car traffic amount. A remote monitoring system to measure environmental indoor air pollution concerning on the $CO_2$ concentration was studied and installed realized set-up model. Zigbee network configuration was applied for this system and the $CO_2$ concentration data were collected through USN network. A software program was developed to assure systematic analysis and to display real-time data on web pages. For the experimental test various condition was set up, like as, window opening, stopping air condition operation and adjusting fan heater work, etc. The analysis result showed the relation of various environmental conditions to $CO_2$ concentration changes. The causes to increase $CO_2$ concentration were experimentally defined as windows closing, the stopping air condition system, fan heater operation. To keep the $CO_2$ concentration under the legally required ppm level in public access indoor space, the developed remote measurement system will be usefully applied.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2006

본 논문은 휴머노이드 로봇 ISHURO의 분산 제어를 위한 네트웍 구현에 대해 다루고 있다. 일반적으로 휴머노이드형 로봇은 기구학적으로 유연한 동작을 위해 다수의 자유도가 필요하다. 이를 구현하기 위해서는 중앙에서 일괄적으로 처리 하는 것 보다 간결 하면서도 유연성을 줄 수 있는 분산 처리 방법이 선호되고 있다. 분산 처리를 위한 제어기를 구성할 때는 로봇의 모터를 독립적으로 제어하기 위한 제어기가 별도로 필요하며 모듈 간에는 정해진 시간 내에 데이터를 교환할 수 있는 통신 기법이 필요하다. ISHURO의 각 관절은 자체 내에 독립된 DSP를 내장하고 있으며 CAN 네트웍을 이용하여 모듈간의 통신을 하여 구동기를 재어하거나 센서의 값을 모니터링 할 수 있게 되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위한 통신 구조를 제안하고 필요한 전송 메시지를 정의하고, 전송시간을 분석하여 로봇 분산 제어기 구조에 적절한 전송 프로토콜을 제시하였다. 모든 과정은 Matlab을 이용하여 컴퓨터모의실험을 수행하였고 실제 휴머노이드 로봇에 적용하여 보행실험을 통해 검증 하였다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop family support oriented physical activity program for the male elderly with sarcopenia based on social cognitive theory. Methods: This program was developed through an analysis of 18 related intervention literatures, results of a focus group interview with 5 elderly men with sarcopenia and the content validity index of the program content adequacy and applicability by 6 experts. The combined exercise with resistance exercise and aerobic exercise was constructed in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and experts' opinions. Results: The program consists group education sessions (5 times, 60 minutes for each) for 12 weeks and family support oriented physical activity program composed of individual intervention (sending alarm for physical activity for 10 times and telephone monitoring for 2 times). The program also reflects the concept of self-efficacy and self-regulation, which are important factors for continuing physical activity through family support. The progressive resistance exercise was developed by composing 5-6 systemic movement forms that repeat 2-3 days a week and 2-5 sets at least. Conclusion: It is proposed to standardize the family support oriented physical activity program through the further studies so that the program can be utilized for the various groups of people who need increased level of physical activities.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

This experimental studies was to investigate location of labeled neurons in CNS following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV), Bartha strain, into the uterus and Sanyinjiao(Sp6) of rats. After survival times of 4-5 days following the injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their brain and spinal cord were frozen sectioned($30\mu\textrm{m}$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the spinal cord, overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons projecting to uterus and Sp6 were observed in lamina VII, IX and X areas of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, overlap areas were observed in lamina IV, VII, X and intermediolateral n.. In lumbar segments, overlap area of PRV labeled neurons were observed in lamina I, V-VII, IX, X and intermediolateral n.. In sacral segments, overlap areas of PRY labeled neurons were observed in lamina N, V, VII, X and sacral parasympathetic n.. 2. In the brain, overlap areas of PR V labeled neurons projecting to the uterus and Sp6 were observed in lateral paragigantocellular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., locus coeruleus n., Barrington's n., A5 cell group, central gray n., paraventricular hypothalamic n. and arcuate n. This results suggest that overlap areas of PRV labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the uterus and Sp6 might be the first-order neurons related to the viscera-somatic sensory and sympathetic preganglionic neurons. PRV labeled neurons of the brain may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscle of uterus. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These overlap areas of spinal cord and brainmay be related to autonomic centers related to regulation of uterus.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2008

Background : When surgeons plan mandible ortho surgery for patients with skeletal class III facial asymmetry, they must be consider the exact method of surgery for correction of the facial asymmetry. Three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging is efficient in depicting specific structures in the craniofacial area. It reproduces actual measurements by minimizing errors from patient movement and allows for image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range, rapid progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional facial skeleton analysis. The purpose of this study was to conduct 3D CT image comparisons of mandible changes after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients. Materials & methods : This study included 7 patients who underwent 3D CT before and after correction of facial asymmetry in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Yeungnam University Hospital between August 2002 and November 2005. Patients included 2 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 16 years to 30 years (average 21.4 years). Frontal CT images were obtained before and after surgery, and changes in mandible angle and length were measured. Results : When we compared the measurements obtained before and after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients, correction of facial asymmetry was identified on the "after" images. The mean difference between the right and left mandibular angles before mandibular surgery was $7^{\circ}$, whereas after mandibular surgery it was $1.5^{\circ}$. The right and left mandibular length ratios subtracted from 1 was 0.114 before mandibular surgery, while it was 0.036 after mandibular surgery. The differences were analyzed using the nonparametric test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (p<0.05). Conclusion: The system that has been developed produces an accurate three-dimensional representation of the skull, upon which individualized surgery of the skull and jaws is easily performed. The system also permits accurate measurement and monitoring of postsurgical changes to the face and jaws through reproducible and noninvasive means.