• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2001

Abel et al. in Germany discovered a new dioxin-responsive gene, which has later been identified as rpt-1 (regulatory protein T-lymphocyte 1). While it is speculated that rpt-1 may play a role in signal transduction and carcinogenesis, its roles and functions remain unknown. The present study attempted to analyze functions of rpt-1 in human epithelial cells following the xenobiotic exposures. While German counterpart analyzed expressionn of rpt-1 in spleen and thymus cells from mouse and rat and characterizes molecular properties of the gene, our work mainly focused on analyzing function of rpt-1 in human skin cells. Expression of rpt-1 in human cells were analyzed by western and northern blot RT-PCR analysis. Expression of rpt-1 as well as Staf-50 in human cells with or without exposure to environmental pollutants were also analyzed by northern blot analysis, since Staf-50 is homologous with rpt-1 and found in human cells. To help study roles of rpt-1 in human cell system, retroviral vector system carrying rpt-1 gene under the CMV promoter were constructed and transfected. Cells overexpressing the gene after the transfection showed an increase of cell density and soft agar colony formations, as compared to the control cells, suggesting that rpt-1 may play a certain role in the transformation processes of human cells. While the expression of rpt-1 in spleen and thymus is known to be strong in the laboratory animals, both the basal and TCDD-induced expression of rpt-1 in the current cellular system remained insignificant. It is speculated that the expression pattern of rpt-1 may be tissue- and species-specific. The present study demonstrated a strong expression of rpt-1 protein in the brain of SD rat model. Since there is no previous report on the expression of rpt-1 in the brain tissue, the result may play a significant role in understanding dioxin-induced neurotoxicities in the future. The present study provides an opportunity to understand a role of rpt-1 in human cell system and suggest a possible lead and basis for the future study of dioxin-induced neurotoxicities.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1984

The organic phosphorus compounds have been widely used as an insecticide, since toxicity of these compounds is especially drastic to the insects than to men and other mammals. The organic phosphates are rapidly hydrolized and hence have little cumulative and ecologic effects. However, due to their acute toxic effects organophosphate have recorded rather high fatalities in men and domestic animals. The organic phosphorus compounds are powerful inhibitors to the carboxylic esterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase. As a result of firm binding characteristics of phosphate radicals to the active sites of enzyme, the activities of these enzymes are inhibited by the organophosphates. The organophosphates such as diazinon is easily observed from skin, gastrointestinal tract, conjunctivas and respiratory tract, and it is converted to more toxic form during metabolism in the liver The present study was carried out in order to investigate the hepatotoxicity of diazinon by observing the changes in the ultrastructure of cytoplasmic organelles of hepatic cells in albino mice. The animals were killed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration of 25mg/kg diazinon. The piece of hepatic tissue obtained from each animal was ultrathinly sectioned. The specimens stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate double contrast methods were observed with JEM model 100B electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A prominent dilatation and sacculation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with detachment of membrane bound-ribosomes, and disaggregation of the free ribosomes were recognized. 2) The hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of the glycogen particles was observed. 3) The atrophy of cisternae of Golgi complex was observed. 4) A large number of secondary lysosomes (autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies) were formed. Consequently it is suggested that diazinon would induce disorganization of the cytoplasmic organelles of hepatocytes in albino mice.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1998

The author has undertaken this study for demonstrating the relationship between keratinization and proliferation as well as remodeling of epidermis. Healthy ICR strain male mice, weighing about $20\sim25gm$, were used as experimental animals. Under the general anesthesia with ether the skins of experimental animals were subjected to a dorsal, transverse, full-thickness incision with 0.5cm in length, and removed them on 3rd day, 7th day and 2nd week after operation Specimens were prepared for electron microscopic study. The results obtained were as follows: The epidermis of 3rd day group is made up of $7\sim8$ keratinocytes. The new epidermal cells are grown beneath the necrotic tissue. Keratohyaline granules (KHGs) are visible in some granular cells. Various sited-KHGs are seen in granular layer cell, and in spinous cell ribosomes, tonofilaments and lamellar granules are seen. The epidermis of 7th day group is made up of $7\sim8$ keratinocytes. Numerous KHGs are seen in granular layer cells. KHGs are located in granular layer cells as well as spinous layer cells. The epidermis of End week group is composed of one-layered basal cell and $1\sim2$ layered superficial cells. Various sized-KHGs are observed in granular layer cells. The results of the present study suggest that as the epidermis should be keratinized during proliferation and remodeling process, so keratinization of the epidermis would play a major role of wound healing process.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2014

백복령(Poria cocas)은 전통적으로 민간에서 피부미백에 효과가 있다고 보고되어 있다. 지금까지 melanin 합성에 대한 백복령의 직접적인 효과는 과학적으로 잘 연구되어 있지 않다. 따라서 멜라닌 합성에 대한 백복령 주정 추출물(PCEE)의 직접적인 효과를 밝히기 위해, 쥐의 B16F1 세포를 이용하여 DOPA synthesis assay, tyrosinase activity assay, Western blotting for melanogenic proteins [tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2]를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 PCEE가 3,4-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DOPA) 합성을 차단함으로써 농도 의존적으로 melanin형성을 억제한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 비록 tyrosinase의 활성은 영향을 받지 않았지만 TRP-1 과 TRP-2의 단백질 발현 수준은 PCEE에 의해 조절되었다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 PCEE가 미백 효능을 가지고 있어 미백 화장품 개발을 위해 이용될 수 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2007

Purpose: Numerous materials, both autologous and nonautologous, have been used for augmentation of sunken areas and each has its own limitations. The ideal material for augmentation should not be absorbed in any manner. This study is designed to assess the survival of $SureDerm^{(R)}$, $Permacol^{(R)}$ graft according to the volume and histologic change. Methods: Twenty four mice, weighing about 50 grams and of 5 weeks of age were used. $SureDerm^{(R)}$ is an acellular dermal matix obtained from human cadeveric skin. $Permacol^{(R)}$ is a porcine derived acellular dermal matrix whose manufacture involves trypsinisation, solvent extraction. Graft pieces standardized to $1{\times}1cm$ size were used in each group. The implanted material were taken 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks later, respectively. The changes of graft volume during the graft period were measured on initial, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results: The initial shape of graft was maintained up to 12 weeks in $Permacol^{(R)}$ graft group and mean survival rate was $80.36{\pm}8.21%$ in $SureDerm^{(R)}$, $89.57{\pm}6.39%$ in $Permacol^{(R)}$(p=0.01). The volume of each graft decreased 29% from initial volume on 12 weeks in $SureDerm^{(R)}$, 18% in $Permacol^{(R)}$. The structure of $Permacol^{(R)}$ remained until 12 week after implantation. Conclusion: Our experimental study suggests that $Permacol^{(R)}$ could be a safe material as an implant for permanent augmentation. However, There are further study remained for antigenicity of these material, and the choice of graft for augmentation should be remained to the clinical situations.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the heparin effect for a viability of random - pattern dorsal flap in hairless mouse. Methods: A caudally - based random dorsal flap, measuring $1.5{\times}5cm$, was designed and heparin was applied topically after microneeding. Twenty five male hairless mice were randomly divided into control (Group1, n=5); received only microneedling (Group 2, n=5), only heparin(Group3, n=5), microneedling with saline(Group 4, n=5), and microneedling with heparin group(group5,n=5) to the flap during 7 days. The number of the capillaries were compared between the experimental groups and control group with respect to neovascularization after heparin application using imaging analysis program under hematoxylin - eosin stain. The capillary blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. After seven days each animal was evaluated for the percentage area of the flap survival. Mann - Whitnety U test and Kruskal - Wallis statistical analysis of survival relationships was performed. Results: It can be observed increased number of the blood vessels in the experimental groups however it was not statistically significant. Blood flow of the haparin with microneedling group maintained higher than other experimental groups. Treated microneeding and heparin mice were significantly better flap viability than in controls (flap survival 67% and $54.4mm^2$ respectively; p<.01). Positive correlation was shown between flap survival rate and laser Doppler flux value only at first day after surgery. Conclusion: Heparin has a beneficial effect on capillary flow and improve peripheral circulatory disturbances in random pattern flaps.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine if YJ-1, a novel herbal complex from a mixture of six oriental herbs (Hydnocarpi Semen, Sesami Semen, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Momordicae Semen, Xanthii Fructus, and Sophorae Radix), has therapeutic properties for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Using AD like symptom-induced NC/Nga mice by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), the effectiveness of YJ-1 on AD was evaluated. Elidel cream$^{(R)}$ (1% pimecrolimus) was used as a control. Dermal application of YJ-1 reduced major clinical signs of AD such as erythema, pruritus, lichenification, edema/escoriations, and dryness. Interestingly, YJ-1 more improved AD-related symptoms including decrease of spleen weight, IL-4, and IgE level in the serum as well as reduction of scratching counts and clinical skin severity in the NC/Nga AD mouse model. Especially, treatment of YJ-1 at 20% in NC/Nga mice more effected than Elidel cream. These results suggest that the ointment of YJ-1 may enhance the process of AD healing by alleviating allergic reaction and has potential for therapeutic reagent for the treatment of AD.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease invading the skin, joint, kidney, intestinal membrane, neurosystem and other organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation resulting in the production of antinuclear antibodies(ANA), generation of circulating immune complexes, and activation of the complement system. In Korean medicine, lupus can be classified as acute arthritis, reddish butterfly erythema, asthenic disease, edema and so on. The cause and procedure of the diseases are flourishing noxious heat, excessive fire due to deficiency of yin, blood stasis due to stagnation of qi, internal movement of the liver-wind, congenital deficiency, exhausted vital-qi, which are treated by clearing away heat and cooling the blood, nourshing yin and extinguishing fire, treating flatulence and activating blood circulation, nourishing the blood to expel wind, invigorating the liver and kidney, invigorating qi and replenishing the blood. To experimentally examine the influence of Insam-Buja-Tang (Ginseng & Aconiti Extract, IBT) on the outbreak and development of lupus, lupus induce MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model was used. As IBT was orally administrated to a lupus model mouse, various tests such as the weight, urine protein, renal function, Lymph cell test of the spleen, Cytokine expression, histopathological analysis of kideny were performed to see the influence on the kidney and whether it work effectively on the immune function. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model. The effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice that can have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in human was evaluated after IBT per oral in the present study.

• 복식
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

This study is aimed to produce natural dyeing garments, which contain the sentiments and color sense of Koreans, by using various household supplies, with a view to increase the values added and utilization of natural dyeing. The dyes mainly used for this study are multi-colored ones which are durable after dyeing and can represent various colors. They include Lithodpermum officinale, Caesalpinia sappan, Rubia Cordifolia, Pellodendron Bak, Curcuma Longa L., fallen Ginkgo Biloba, Artemisia Princeps, and Quereus acutissima carr shell. Considering water pollution and other things, aluminum acetate and ferrous chloride were used as mordants. Cheap and practical materials such as cotton cloth and those with traditional patterns and elegance such as silk and ramie fabrics were used to produce baby goods, household supplies, clothes, and accessories. The produced supplies closely contact with our body, so they may have a great effect on human body. The household supplies produced include rug, bedclothes, room bedclothes, curtain, bedding set, cushion, and sunlight blind, in consideration of the functionality or medical actions of the goods which are closely related to the human skin. The infant supplies produced include longcloth for newborn baby, bedding set, gauze handkerchief, and doll. The clothes include night gown, shirt, bath gown, and Korean traditional clothes. The accessories include tablecloth, cup pad, bag, wrapping cloth, mouse and keyboard cushion, and scarf. Nowadays, consumers prefer environment-friendly naturally dyed garments and products. In order to control the naturally dyed garments and products which are traded in the domestic market, it is urgent to introduce such ecological marks as 'Toxproof' and 'Ecoproof.' Currently, many ordinary persons, who are not experts, have interest and participate in natural dyeing, but they simply produce naturally dyed garments, not artistic works or everyday supplies. The present author expects this study will contribute to the production of household goods by such persons. The author also hopes that they will develop and commercialize such designs as suit to modern tastes and senses based on the unique cultural assets of Koreans, so that Korean naturally dyed products may be recognized as reliable commodities equipped with international competitiveness.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2001

Previously, several prenylated flavonoids having a C-8 lavandulyl moiety were found to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and sophoraflavanone G was the most potent inhibitor against these eicosanoid generating enzymes among the prenylated flavonoids tested. In this investigation, effects of sophoraflavanone G on COX-2 induction from RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo inflammatory response were studied. Sophoraflavanone G inhibited prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW cells by COX-2 down-regulation without significantly affecting COX-2 activity at 1 50 $\mu$M. Other prenylated flavonoids including kuraridin and sanggenon D also down-regulated COX-2 induction at 10-25 $\mu$M, lirhile kurarinone and echinoisoflavanone did not. In addition, sophoraflavanone G shelved in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against mouse croton oil-induced ear edema and rat carrageenan paw edema via oral (2-250mg/kg) or topical administration (10 - 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ear). Although the potencies of inhibition were far less than that of a reference drug, prednisolone, this compound showed higher anti-inflammato교 activity when applied topically, suggesting a potential use for several eicosanoid-related skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.