• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2002

Previously, several prenylated flavonoids having a C-8 lavandulyl moiety were found to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and sophoraflavanone G was the most potent inhibitor against these eicosanoid generating enzymes among 19 prenylated flavonoids tested. In this investigation, effects of sophoraflavanone G on COX-2 induction from RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo inflammatory response were studied. Sophoraflavanone G inhibited prostaglandin $E_2{\;}(PGE_2)$ production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW cells by COX-2 down-regulation at 1-50 uM. Other prenylated flavonoids including kuraridin and sanggenon D also down-regulated COX-2 induction at 10-25 uM, while kurarinone and echinoisoflavanone did not. In addition, sophoraflavanone G showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against mouse croton oil-induced ear edema and rat carrageenan paw edema via oral (2-250 mg/kg) or topical administration (10-250 ug/ear). Although the potencies of inhibition were far less than that of a reference drug, prednisolone, this compound showed higher anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically, suggesting a potential use for several eicosanoidrelated skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.350-354
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• 2007

Taurine has been shown to be tissue-protective against oxidant-induced injury and is a powerful regulator of the immune system. However, there is no study on the antimelanogenic effect of taurine. In this study, we investigated the whitening effect of taurine in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. We examined melanin contents and tyrosinase activity according to time and concentration. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is an important regulator of melanogenesis. It has been reported that activated ERK induced microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) phosphorylation and its subsequent degradation and thus reduced melanin synthesis. In our B16F10 cell culture system, taurine led to decrease melanin contents by 21% at 48 hr. We then observed taurine effects on ERK-P, MITF and tyrosinase by Western blot. ERK was activated at 18 hr and 24 hr, whereas MITF reduced. We could not observe any differences in the levels of tyrosinase. These results suggested that taurine inhibited melanogenesis by ERK signal pathway via MITF degradation. We expect that taurine has potential skin whitening agents in cosmetics.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the wound healing effect of herbal ointment, Gamijaungo, on the burn-induced model. Reports about Gamijaungo on the wound healing effect by local application in mice model or human study have published in the several domestic or internationally, but most are anecdotal and lack solid scientific evidence. Method: We observed the morphologic and histologic changes in the burn-induced mice model. we counted white blood cell and platelet changes. we confirmed VEGF, PI3K and pAkt protein expression by Western blot analysis. Result: In this study, we observed that Gamijaungo showed strong wound healing effects in the morphologic and histologic changes in the burn-induced mice model. Also we found that the significant changes of white blood cell and platelet changes by the treatment of Gamijaungo. In molecular mechanism, we got the strong positive effect by Gamijaungo treatment on angiogenesis, a key process in the formation of the granulation tissue during wound healing. Conclusion: These findings suggest the potential use of Gamijaungo as a therapeutic in thermal burn-induced skin injuries.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2008

The effects of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for treating respiratory disorders were observed on xylene-induced acute inflammation. The xylene was topically applied 60 min after administration of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of DHU001, and all animals were sacrificed 2 hrs after xylene application. The changes on ear weights, histolopathological analyses of ear were evaluated and compared to those of indomethacin and dexamethasone(15 mg/kg treated)-Both of drugs are well-known by anti-inflammatory agents. Xylene application resulted in marked increases in induced ear weights as compared with intact control ear. Severe vasodilation, edematous changes of ear skin and increase in the thickness of the ear tissues, neutrophil infiltration as acute inflammation were detected in xylene-treated control ears at histopathological observation. However, these xylene-induced acute inflammatory changes were dose-dependently decreased by oral treatment of DHU001. Therefore, it is concluded that DHU001 has favorable anti-inflammatory effects on xylene-applicated acute ear inflamed mice.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2013

Silkworm-derived silk materials which contain 45 to 55% protein (18 amino acids, including 8 essential amino acids) have free radical-scavenging activities. In the present study, we investigated the whitening and anti-aging effects of silkworm gland under various conditions with B16F1 melanoma cells and human dermal fibroblasts. To evaluate the toxicity of soluble gland hydrolysate (SGH), mouse-derived B16F1 melanoma cells were treated with 0.2~5 mg/mL, cytotoxicity was not observed at all concentrations. The tyrosinase and elastase activities were significantly decreased as dosage levels of SGH increased. In addition, cell death was decreased by treated with SGH and antioxidative activity was the most effective in the SGH treatment. These findings suggest that SGH may be used as a potential functional biomaterial in having the skin whitening effect and anti-aging activity by inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase activities.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

Ulmus parvifolia has been used as a traditional folk medicine to treat the carbuncle in deep skin. In this study, the effect of water extract of root bark of Ulmus parvifolia (WUP) on the carbuncle, pain, inflammation and hypersensitivity was evaluated in animal models. The administration of WUP significantly decreased the size of Staphylococcus aureus ($10^8$ cells/mouse)-induced carbuncle, and also exhibited analgesic activity in the HAc-induced writhing syndrome at doses of 50-500 mg/kg. It also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the carageenin- and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation. In the histamine-induced anaphylaxis, it decreased the percent of mortality by protecting mice treated with Bordetella pertussis. In the immune responses in the mice sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells, the Arthus reaction determined by swelling of foot pad at 4 h after challenge, HA titer, HY titer and PFC which can be used to evaluate the humoral immune response were significantly suppressed by oral administration of WUP at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg. The cellular immune responses in the same mice such as delayed type hypersensitivity determined by swelling of foot pad at 24 h after challenge and RFC were also significantly suppressed in the same manner.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to characterize the iontophoretic transport of growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP-6) through hairless mouse skin from aqueous solution. The effect of various factors, such as pH, poloarity, current profile, current density, current duration, ionic strength, drug concentration, and enhancer application was studied to obtain basic knowledge on the transport. We have also studied the stability of GHRP-6 in solution with/without current. The donor chamber was filled with phosphate buffer solution containing GHRP-6 and the receptor chamber was filled with phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Ag/AgCl electrode was used for their stability and reversibility. At a predetermined time interval, sampling was made and the concentration of drug was analysed using HPLC system. The results showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased markedly by the application of anodal current. Cathodal flux was similar to passive flux. Flux increased with the current density, the duration of current application and drug concentration. The effect of enhancers on the flux was studied using hydrophilic (5% N-methyl pyrrolidone) and hydrophobic (5% propylene glycol monolaurate, 5% oleic acid) enhancers. Application of enhancer also increased the flux.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1999

We have studied the stability and transdennal flux of prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$ from various donor solutions through hairless mouse skin. Stability in HEPES buffer or in propylene glycol (PG) solution where enhancer (oleic acid (OA), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), transcutol (TC), ethanol (EtOH))s dissolved was investigated. $$PGE_1 was not stable in HEPES buffer. The concentration of $$PGE_1 decreased continuously for 7 days, and the degradation rate constant was $0.0028\;h^{-1}$, assuming first order reaction. The effect of current or penetration enhancer on the degradation was minimal. Percutaneous transport from HEPES buffer by passive or iontophoretic delivery without enhancer was close to nil. When OA or PGML was used together with PG, both passive and iontophoretic flux increased. PGML showed better enhancing effect than OA. Flux by cathodal delivery was about 2 times larger than that by passive delivery. Flux by anodal delivery was lower than that by passive delivery. TC and EtOH also increased the transdermal flux, but the effect was not as good as that observed when OA or PGML was used. These stability and flux data provide important information on how to formulate the patch, which will be the next step of this work, and on the polarity of current to use during iontophoresis.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2004

The decreasing effect of wrinkle on the pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches containing ulmi cortex extract and sorbitol as the drug for anti-wrinkle were investigated. In this study, hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking reaction of acrylic polymers and aluminum ions produced by L(+)-tartaric acid hydrolysis of the dihydroxy aluminum aminoacetates. The inhibition concentration of ulmi cortex extract on the collagenase exhibited at 0.01%. Furthermore, the moisturizing effect of hydrogel patches formulated with sorbitol was higher than that without it. In vivo animal test in hairless mouse showed that the ulmi cortex-loaded hydrogel patches had about 31.2% of anti-wrinkle effect compared to blank (before attaching the patches). Human test showed that only 33% of subjects showed the decreasing of wrinkle during 8 weeks. In conclusion, the model pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches in this study would be pharmaceutically applicable for the wrinkle treatment on the facial skin.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1997

Furfural, an organic solvent, is widely used as synthetic component material in producing chemical products. However, furfural has been reported that it shows strong toxicities to human being showing intense stimulus to skin, eyes, mucous membrane and nerve system. It is also known to cause anemia, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure and genetic toxicity in the human being working in the exposed area. LD$_{50}$ of furfural for peritoneal injected mouse has been known around 20mg/kg, but the acute toxicity on aquatic organisms such as fish, daphnid or algae are not well known, compared to those on rodents. In this experiment, we studied on the fish toxicity of furfural using Japanese Medaka (Orvzias latipes) and Common Carp (Cvprinus carpio). We also observed histological changes in the fish organs. The LC$_{50}$ were 12. Smg/L in Japanese Medaka and 21.8 mg/L in Common Carp, respectively. When Common Carps were exposed to 120mg/L of furfural concentration for 30 minutes, blood congestion in gills and lysis of secondary lamella were shown. Though the muscle of caudal fin was not completely eroded, its epidermic cells were shown to be necrotic in various parts. Tissue atrophy and cell necrosis were also shown in the liver of Common Carps exposed to furfural. From these results, furfural seems to cause histological damages on liver, an internal organ as well as on external organs such as gills and fins eventhough the fish were exposed for a short-term.