• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2010

The enhancement of immunity for atopic dermatitis with application of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-loaded liposome was evaluated on NC/Nga mice. The EPA-loaded liposome was coated with thiol-chitosan. The liposomes were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface zeta potential & particle size analyzer (Zeta-PSA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The loading efficiency of EPA in the liposome was about 4.7%. The particle size of the EPA-Ioaded liposome was about 230 nm. The values of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) were reduced significantly with application of the EPA-loaded liposome. The interferon-$\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$) value was increased with the application effect. It is concluded that EPA loaded liposome have immunity advancing effects in mouse model of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigated the effects of the photodynamic therapy(PDT) for the tumor mass in mice. In the experimental method, we divided the mice into two control and test group which HepG2 and HeLa cell line induced cancer mass in mice. Photofrin was administered to the tumor-bearing mouse, followed 30 hours later by 630nm and 650nm laser light exposure. After photodynamic therapy we analyzed the two mice group for the tumor mass size, tumor growth, tumor cell necrosis, pathological anatomy change. According to the results, tumor cell necrosis was shown in the tissues which the reduce size of tumor and tumor cell necrotic change according to the irradiation time and light dose amount. The considerable difference, however, between the 630nm and 650nm wavelength was not found for the tumor cell necrotic change and other damage of normal tissue was not found.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-184
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• 2007

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Phellodendri Cortex Herbal-acupuncture solution (PC-HAS) at Joksamni (ST36) on collagen II induced arthritis in DBA-1J mice. The author performed several experimental items to analyze arthritis evaluation, change of weight, spleen size and adhesion rate, change of cytokine level, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II, chang of immunocyte count, histological change of CIA mouse joint. Results : 1. In the PC-HA group, arthritis index, the incidence of arthritis and joint edema were significantly decreased. 2. In the PC-HA group, the change of spleen size, spleen adhesion rate and the knee joint were significantly decreased. 3. The levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and INF- in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased by PC-HA. 4. The levels of IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased by PC-HA. 5. In the CIA mouse spleen cell culture, the levels of IFN- , IFN- / IL-4, IL-10 were significantly decreased by PC-HA, but the level of IL-4 was significantly increased by PC-HA. 6. In the PC-HA group, the ratios of $CD3e^+$ to $CD45R^+$ cell, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cell were similarly maintained as normal group in the CIA mouse spleen cell. 7. In the PC-HA group, $CD4^+CD25^+$ and $CD45R^+/CD69^+$ cell were significantly decreased in the lymph nodes. 8. In the PC-HA group, $CD3^+/CD69^+$ and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cell were significantly decreased in knee joint. 9. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation in the PC-HA group were similar with that of the normal group and the collagen fiber expressions in the PC-HA group were similar with that of the normal group. Conclusions : Form the result above, the results suggest that the PC-HA at ST36 has significant effect on collagen-induced arthritis, and can be put to practical use in the future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2022

Silk fibroin microparticles were fabricated using a phase separation technique between silk fibroin solution and polyvinyl alcohol. We found that the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol determines the size of microparticles. The mean diameter of the silk fibroin microparticles varied from 3.48 ㎛ to 4.05 ㎛. The silk fibroin microparticle size increased as a function of the concentration of PVA in aqueous silk solution. The resulting silk fibroin microparticles have narrow size distribution (i.e. monodisperse) and smooth/spherical surface. Also, we studied the effects of mouse serum, sodium phosphate buffer (PBS), and pH on the stability of the silk fibroin microparticles. Overall, we demonstrated the simple method to fabricate and to control the silk fibroin microparticles that makes our silk microparticles to be usable for a potential drug delivery carrier.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.174-183
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• 2016

In the present study, a serum-based minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing to caspofungin was optimized and evaluated to solve the limitations of the conventional Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline-based antifungal agent MIC test and the usefulness of this testing for clinical application was determined. A total of 105 Candida albicans clinical isolates were used for measuring MIC to caspofungin. Results showed that growth characteristics were different according to types of serum and the mouse serum was the most suitable for this assay. In order to measure the optimal concentration of mouse serum, 0 to 100% mouse serum were added to the media during fungal culture. The optimal concentration of serum was 50% when consideration of antifungal agent administration and inoculum size, serum components and ease of hyphae separated, and the consideration of the degree of growth. In comparison of the usefulness between the conventional Alamar-modified broth microdilution MIC assay and 50% mouse serum-based MIC testing, the range of $MIC_{80}$ of the Alamar-modified broth microdilution MIC assay was $0.13{\sim}2.0{\mu}g/mL$ (SD ${\pm}0.42{\mu}g/mL$) and that of the 50% mouse serum-based MIC assay was $2.0{\sim}32.0{\mu}g/mL$ (SD ${\pm}9.01{\mu}g/mL$). The range of $MIC_{50}$ of the Alamar-modified broth microdilution MIC assay was $0.13{\sim}2.0{\mu}g/mL$ (SD ${\pm}0.40{\mu}g/mL$) and that of the 50% mouse serum-based MIC assay was $1.0{\sim}16.0{\mu}g/mL$ (SD ${\pm}2.36{\mu}g/mL$). The MICs of 50% mouse serum-based MIC testing was increased by up to 4 to 64 times than Alamar-modified broth microdilution MIC assay. In conclusion, a 50% mouse serum-based MIC assay was more useful for measuring MIC in Candida albicans clinical isolates than conventional colorimetric broth microdilution MIC testing.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 2001

Background: Rapid advances in neuroendocrine immunology have established the concept of bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Capsaicin suppresses the immune function by destroying substance P acting as mediatior of neuroendocrine immune system. Methods and Results: In this study, effect of capsaicin on mature murine lymphocyte functions and lymphoid tissue morphology was examined. Formally, capsaicin showed the strong cytotoxic effect on splenocyte over $10{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in citro. And proliferation and Th1-cytokine expression of splenic cells in mice that received high dose of capsaicin ($100{\mu}g/mouse$) were significantly diminished. However, low dose of capsaicin treatment did not influence these responses in vivo($1{\mu}g/mouse$) and in vitro (under $5{\mu}g/ml$). And the morphology of spleen and lymph nodes after capsaicin treatment was observed. In the spleen of mice injected with high dose of capsaicin (100, $200{\mu}g/mouse$), the size of white pulp was significantly decreased and the length of red pulp was increased, Moreover, vascularity index was diminished in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: These results implies that immunosuppressive effect of capsaicin is associated with cytotoxic activity on lymphocyte, Th1-cytokine down-regulation and lymphoid tissue abnormalization, and this report is expected to give a hand to the study for the mechanism of action of neurotoxin of the immune system.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2000

The mammalian ovary has a large number of primordial and preantral follicles, which are a potential source of oocytes for the in vitro mass production of embryos. Several in vitro culture systems have been developed to support the growth and development of oocytes from mouse preantral follicles. Under the appropriate condition, meiotically incompetent oocytes from preantral follicles can grow to final size and complete nuclear maturation in vitro. Furthermore, the successful production of live young from in vitro grown and matured oocytes demonstrates that oocytes from preantral follicles are able to acquire full developmental capacity in vitro. However, the efficiency of in vitro production of embryos from mouse preantral follicles is still low. In farm animals as well as human, the growth of oocyte from preantral follicle to the meiotic competence stage has yet to be demonstrate. Therefore, further studies to improve the culture condition or to develope new culture system should be needed in the future. In addition, the visible progress in the establishment of the in vitro culture system for preantral follicles of farm animals and human could help to enlarge the populations of valuable agricultural, phamaceutical product-producing, and endangered animals, and to rescue the oocytes of women about to undergo clinical procedures that jeopardize oocytes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2013

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have enormous potential in the biomedical sciences because they can grow continuously and differentiate into any kind of cell in the body. However, for future application in regenerative medicine, it is still a challenge to control the differentiation of PSCs without using genetic materials. To control the differentiation of PSCs, small molecules might be the best substitute for genetic materials considering the following advantages: small size, which enables penetration of plasma membrane; easy-to-modify structure; and low chance of genetic recombination in treated cells. Herein, we introduce small molecules that induce the neuroectodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The small molecules were identified via ESC-based consecutive screenings of small-molecule libraries composed of 324 natural compounds or 93 selected drugs. The natural compounds discovered in the first screening were used to select 93 structurally similar drugs out of 1,200 approved drugs. In the second screening, among the 93 compounds, we found 4 drugs that induced the neuroectodermal differentiation of ESCs. These drugs were progesteroneor corticoid-derivatives. Our results suggest that small molecules targeting the progesterone receptor or glucocorticoid receptor could be used as chemical tools to induce the differentiation of PSCs into a specific germ lineage.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to determine the effect of pregnancy in bisected embryo. The embryos of ICR mouse were microsurgically bisected at morula and blastocyst stage using microsurgical blade attached a micromanipulator. These bisected embryos without zona pellucida were cultured up to blastocyst stage and cell count and diameter of stained blastomere, and transferred pseudopregnant mice. And the development of these bisected embryos was compared with the results of production of young of the corresponding intact embryos or cell stage. When the bisected mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for 20 to 24 hours in morula stage(77.2%) or 3 to 6 hours in blastocyst stage(84.1%), them were developed to the expanded blastocyst stage. There were no significant(P<0.05) differences in the development rate of bisected embryos between in morula and blastocyst stages. The embryo size of blastocyst developed in vitro from bisected embryo was small(P<0.05)than intact embryo. However, the number of blastomeres with bisected embryo (24.7+1.3and 21.5+1.2 respectively) were significantly(P<0.05) reduced, compared with that of intacted embryos(36.3+1.1 and 41.4+1.2 respectively). When compared with the result of pregnancy rate(63.6%) after surgical transfer of bisected morulae, a similar result(65.4%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage(P< 0.05). However, production of youngs (38.8%) after transfer of bisected morula, a similar result (38.1%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage (P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 1990

Single nuclei from two-, four- and eight-cell mouse embryos were transplanted into enucleated two-cell mouse embryos by micromanipulation and sendai virum mediated fusion. no significant difference in successful injectin rate and fusion rate was found between the cell stages of nuclear donor embryos. There nuclear transplant embryos receiving different cell stage nuclei were cultured in vitro for 96 hours. 75.3% of 255 embryos receiving 2-cell nuclei, 68.2% of 236 embryos reciving 4-cell nuceli and 46.9% of 228 embryos receiving 8-cell nuclei were developed to blastocyst, respectively. The number of blastomeres was significantly(P<0.05) reduced in the embryos receiving 8-cell nuclei, compared with the embryos receiving 2-cell, 4-cell nuclei or the intact embryos. Also the size of blastocysts was significantly(P<0.05) smaller in the embryos receiving 8-cell nuclei, compared with the intact or other nuclear transplant embryos. These results suggest that single nuclei introduced into the enucleated two-cell embryos are able to support the in vitro development of the reconstituted embryos to blastocysts. The prominant retardation of blastocoele formation and cell division was shown in nuclear transplant embryos receiving eight-cell nuclei when they were cultured in vitro.